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"ABSTRAKNama : F. DetiniatyProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Perilaku Ibu dalam Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak Stunting Usia 0-23Bulan Studi Kualitatif di Kecamatan Lape, Kabupaten Sumbawa Tahun2017 Perilaku ibu dalam Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak PMBA pada periode kritis usia 0-23bulan sangat penting untuk mencegah kondisi stunting pada bayi/anak. Penelitian inibertujuan mengetahui perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makan bayi dan anak stunting usia 0-23bulan di Kecamatan Lape, Kabupaten Sumbawa, tahun 2017. Pendekatan Kualitatifmenggunakan desain Rapid Assessment Procedure dengan metode pengumpulan data diskusikelompok terarah, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi terhadap informan ibu yang sudahdan belum mendapatkan konseling/penyuluhan PMBA. Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu yangpositif terhadap informasi terkait PMBA yang diperoleh dari konseling/penyuluhan tidakmenjamin terlaksananya perilaku pemberian makan bayi dan anak dengan benar. Adanyafaktor dukungan keluarga, tradisi yang tidak mendukung, akses dan pemanfaatan panganserta praktik pemberian informasi melalui penyuluhan menjadi salah satu yang menghambatkegiatan PMBA. Perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makan bayi dan anak stunting usia 0-23 bulandi Kecamatan Lape belum optimal. Perlu adanya evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan konselingPMBA di lapangan.Kata kunci : stunting, perilaku ibu, pemberian makan bayi dan anak PMBA

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ABSTRACTName F. DetiniatyStudy Program Public Health ScienceTitle Mother 39 s Behavior in Infants and Young Child Feeding Stunting Age0 23 Months Qualitative Study in Lape Sub district, SumbawaRegency in 2017 Mother rsquo s behavior in Infant and Young Child Feeding IYCF in critical periods ages 0 23months is very important to prevent stunting conditions in infants children. This study aimsto determine the behavior of mothers in feeding infant and stunting children aged 0 23months in Lape Sub district, Sumbawa Regency in 2017. Qualitative approach using RapidAssessment Procedure design with data collection methods of focus group discussion, indepthinterviews, and observation of mother rsquo s informants who had had and have not receivedIYCF counseling education. Knowledge and a positive attitude towards mother IYCF relatedinformation obtained from counseling education does not guarantee the implementation offeeding infants and children properly. The existence of family support factors, unsupportedtradition, access and utilization of foods and the practice of providing information throughcounseling to be one that inhibits IYCF activities. Mother rsquo s behavior in feeding infant andstunting children 0 23 months in Lape Sub District is not optimal. It is necessary to evaluatethe implementation of IYCF counseling activities in the field.Keywords stunting, maternal behavior, infant and young child feeding IYCF "

"Anemia merupakan suatu masalah bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Pada anak-anak, anemia telah diketahui berdampak pada perkembangan kognitif dan keterlambatan pertumbuhan. Pertumbuhan anak yang terhambat berdasarkan tolak ukur usia sebagai dampak dari anemia disebut stunting. Istilah risiko stunting dalam penelitian ini mengacu kepada HAZ score berdasarkan standar dari NCHS yakni antara -1,1 hingga -2. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dan melibatkan seluruh populasi terjangkau (total sampling) pada anak usia 3-9 tahun di pesantren Tapak Sunan Condet pada tahun 2011. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi anemia dan hubungannya dengan risiko stunting. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan data hasil pengukuran tinggi badan, tanggal lahir untuk menentukan usia, dan kadar hemoglobin. Hasilnya, 13 (26%) anak menderita anemia dan 1 dari 13 penderita anemia terkena risiko stunting. Hasil analisis statistik chi-square menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan bermakna antara anemia dengan risiko stunting (p=0,962).

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Anemia has been known as one of the worst health problems in develop country, such as Indonesia. Based on study, anemia has impact on children’ cognitive development and growth failure. Children growth failure related age is called stunting. The term of mild stunting is derivated from HAZ score based of NCHS standard which is between -1,1 to -2. This study, which use cross sectional design and included 50 children aged 3 to 9 years old, was held in Pesantren Tapak Sunan in 2011. This study has goal which are to determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with mild stunting. This study use data of height of the children, their date of birth to determine thier age, and hemoglobin levels. The result, 13 (26%) children was known suffering anemia and 1 of 13 of them was in mild stunted. The result of statistic analyze used chi-square showed there was no association between anemia and mild stunting (p=0,962).

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"Stunting merupakan masalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan gizi, infeksi berulang, dan kurangnya rangsangan psikososial. Stunting memiliki konsekuensi negatif baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang, termasuk peningkatan kejadian penyakit, gangguan perkembangan dan keterampilan belajar yang buruk, peningkatan risiko terkena penyakit tidak menular, penurunan kemampuan kerja, serta dampak antargenerasi. Kejadian stunting dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor, di antaranya asupan tidak adekuat, penyakit infeksi, kerawanan pangan, pola asuh yang kurang tepat, serta kesehatan lingkungan dan pelayanan kesehatan yang tidak memadai. Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2021 melaporkan bahwa Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan provinsi kelima dengan prevalensi stunting tertinggi di Indonesia dan termasuk dalam masalah kesehatan masyarakat kategori sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting serta faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6—23 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SSGI tahun 2021. Terdapat 600 subyek baduta yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji kai kuadrat pada analisis bivariat dan uji regresi logistik ganda pada analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat variabel yang secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6—23 bulan, yaitu usia anak, jenis kelamin, partisipasi ibu dalam kelas ibu hamil, dan berat badan lahir. Anak dengan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah diketahui sebagai faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6—23 bulan dengan p-value 0,001 dan OR 3,560 (CI 95%: 1,777-7,132). Saran yang dapat diberikan berdasarkan penelitian untuk masyarakat melakukan pencegahan dini kejadian stunting dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, memerhatikan kecukupan gizi sejak dini, menerapkan pola asuh yang sesuai, dan menggunakan akses sanitasi yang layak. Selain itu, instansi kesehatan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan dukungan kepada masyarakat melalui Komuikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi (KIE) Gizi yang berkaitan dengan stunting. Program-program pencegahan stunting yang sudah ada perlu dioptimalkan oleh instansi kesehatan guna memberikan manfaat yang maksimal dalam mencegah stunting di masyarakat.

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Stunting is a growth and development problem in children caused by malnutrition, reccurent infections, and lack of psychosocial stimulation. Stunting has negative consequences in both the short and long term, including increased incidence of disease, impaired development and poor learning skills, increased risk of non-communicable diseases, decreased ability to work, and intergenerational impacts. The incidence of stunting is associated with various factors, including inadequate intake, infectious diseases, food insecurity, inadequate caregiving practices, and inadequate environmental health and health services. According to the 2021 Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) report, it is known that Southeast Sulawesi Province is the fifth province with the highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia and is classified under the category of very high public health problem. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with stunting incidence and identify the dominant factors among children aged 6-23 months in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2021 SSGI. A total of 600 children aged 6-23 months subjects were involved in this study. Data were analyzed using chi-square test in bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis. The results of the study show that there are four variables significantly associated with the occurrence of stunting in children aged 6-23 months, namely child age, gender, maternal participation in maternity classes, and low birth weight. Children with a history of low birth weight were identified as the dominant factor in the occurrence of stunting in children aged 6-23 months, with a p-value of 0,001 and an odds ratio (OR) of 3,560 (95% CI: 1,777-7,132). Based on the research, suggestions for the community to prevent stunting include utilizing healthcare facilities for early prevention, paying attention to early nutritional adequacy, implementing appropriate parenting practices, and using proper sanitation facilities. In addition, healthcare institutions are expected to optimize support to the community through Nutrition Communication, Information, and Education (KIE Gizi) related to stunting. Existing stunting prevention programs need to be optimized by healthcare institutions to provide maximum benefits in preventing stunting in the community."

"Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Prevalensi pendek pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun (baduta) di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebesar 29,9%, sedangkan di Jakarta sebesar 27,2%. Kondisi pendek pada awal kehidupan berhubungan dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta dapat mengurangi kapasitas fisik dan peningkatan risiko penyakit metabolik pada usia dewasa. Tujuan penelitian adalah memahami peran inflamasi usus pada baduta terhadap kejadian pendek.Metode dan bahan: Studi dengan desain kasus kontrol yang dilakukan pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta. Penentuan subjek penelitian secara acak sederhana. Pendek ditetapkan berdasarkan nilai z-score panjang badan menurut­­­­­­ umur (PB/U). Pengukuran panjang dan tinggi badan menggunakan infantometer dan microtoise. Penilaian hormon pertumbuhan berdasarkan kadar TSH, sedangkan penilaian inflamasi usus berdasarkan pengukuran kadar Reg 1B. Fungsi absorbsi usus ditetapkan dengan pengukuran kadar xilosa darah. Infeksi parasit dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan feses secara makroskopis dan kultur Blastocystis. Penilaian asupan energi dan zat gizi makro dilakukan dengan metode recall 24 jam. Frekuensi pengukuran panjang dan tinggi badan, inflamasi usus dan penilaian asupan dilakukan 2 kali dengan selang waktu 6 bulan.Hasil: Pada penapisan 269 anak didapatkan 20,4% pendek dengan 55,8% laki-laki, 55,0% kelompok umur 12-23 bulan dan 47,3% memiliki kedua orang tua normal. Profil subjek penelitian adalah 61,1% laki-laki, 88,9% pada kelompok umur 12-23 bulan dan memiliki kadar TSH normal. Persentase rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi makro anak pendek lebih rendah daripada anak normal, tetapi tidak berbeda secara statistik. Pada subjek penelitian tidak ditemukan Soil Transmitted Helminths dan hanya 1 anak normal yang positif Blastocystis hominis. Untuk pemeriksaan Reg 1B tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara anak pendek dan normal, tetapi subjek penelitian yang mengalami peningkatan kadar Reg 1B sebagian besar terjadi penurunan nilai Z-score PB/U dan berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Pada pemeriksaan kadar xilosa darah tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara anak pendek dan normal. Dalam analisis korelasi, tidak diperoleh korelasi antara infeksi parasit usus dengan inflamasi usus dan malabsorbsi tetapi ada korelasi bermakna antara inflamasi usus dengan malabsorbsi.Kesimpulan: Inflamasi usus terjadi pada anak pendek dan normal serta secara signifikan menurunkan nilai Z-score PB/U dari kedua anak tersebut dan berkorelasi secara bermakna dengan malabsorbsi.

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Background and Objective: The prevalence of stunting in children under two years in Indonesia in 2018 is 29.9%, while in Jakarta it is 27.2%. Stunted early in life is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and can reduce physical capacity and increase the risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood. The aim of the study was to understand the role of intestinal inflammation in children under 2-yrs of age in stunted incidents.

Materials and Methods: A case-control study involving children aged 6-23 months in Kampung Melayu Village, Jakarta was done in 2018. Study sampling was determined by simple randomization. Stunting is determined based on the z-score of the body length by age (LZA). Length was measured using infantometer while height was measured by microtoise. Growth hormone was determined by TSH levels, while intestinal inflammation was determined with faecal Reg 1B levels. The function of intestinal absorption is determined by blood xylose levels. Parasitic infections are determined by macroscopic fecal examination and Blastocystis culture. Assessment of intake of energy and macro nutrients was analyzed by 24-hour recall method. The frequency of length and height measurements, intestinal inflammation and intake assessment were carried out twice with an interval of 6 months.

Results: Screening of 269 children found 20.4% of stunting with 55.8% of men, 55.0% of age group 12-23 months and 47.3% had both normal parents. The percentage of the average intake of energy and macro nutrients from stunting was lower than normal, but not statistically different. Soil Transmitted Helminths were not found and only one child for positive Blastocystis hominis. For the examination of Reg 1B there was no difference between stunted and normal children, but the study subjects who experienced an increase in Reg 1B levels were mostly accompanied by decreased Z-score values of LZA and were significantly different. On examination of blood D-xylose levels no differences were found between stunted and normal children. In correlation analysis, there was no correlation between intestinal parasitic infection and intestinal inflammation and malabsorption but there was a significant correlation between intestinal inflammation and malabsorption.

Conclusion: Intestinal inflammation occurs in stunted and normal children and significantly decreases the Z-score of LZA from these two children and correlates significantly with malabsorption.

"

"Latar Belakang: Epilepsi di negara berkembang dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan negara maju. Sekitar 60-70% pasien bebas kejang dengan obat antiepilepsi (OAE) generasi satu, jika tidak respons dan kejang menetap maka dipertimbangkan OAE generasi dua. Keberhasilan pengobatan epilepsi dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor serta bergantung terhadap plastisitas dan maturitas otak hingga usia tiga tahun. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai faktor-faktor keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi dua.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor risiko keberhasilan keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi 2 pada pasien epilepsi anak usia di bawah tiga tahun.Metode: Studi kasus kontrol dengan data sekunder berupa rekam medis. Sampel penelitian adalah anak epilepsi berusia di bawah tiga tahun yang mendapatkan minimal salah satu OAE generasi 2 berupa topiramat/levetiracetam/lamotrigin. Subyek terbagi kelompok kontrol (dilakukan matching usia) yang kejangnya tidak terkontrol dan kelompok kasus yang kejangnya terkontrol minimal enam bulan. Faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah tipe kejang, status perkembangan, status neurologis awal, gambaran elektroensefalografi (EEG) awal, evolusi klinis dan evolusi EEG.Hasil: Didapatkan 60 subyek pada masing-masing kelompok; pada kelompok kasus paling banyak dijumpai 66,7% laki-laki, 31,7% rentang usia 6-12 bulan, 83,3% usia awitan kejang <12 bulan, dan 93,3% tipe kejang umum. Dari 6 faktor risiko yang diteliti, hanya evolusi EEG berperan independen dalam memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi, nilai p<0,001; aOR 9,53; IK95% 3,39-26,77.Kesimpulan: Pasien dengan evolusi EEG baik memiliki kemungkinan sebesar 9,53 kali lipat lebih besar untuk kerjangnya terkontrol dengan OAE generasi 2, dibandingkan pasien dengan evolusi EEG buruk.

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Background: Epilepsy in developing countries is twice compared developed countries. About 60-70% epilepsy patients had seizure-free with first generation antiepileptic drugs (AED), if there is no response and persistent seizures, second generation AED is considered. The success of epilepsy treatment is influenced by various factors and depends on the plasticity and maturity of the brain until the first 3 years. There are no studies that assess the success factors of second generation OAE therapy.Purpose: To assess the risk factors that affecting the success of second generation therapy in children under 3 years old with epilepsy.Methods: A case control study with secondary data from medical records. The study sample was children under 3 years old with epilepsy who received at least one of second generation AED (topiramate/levetiracetam/lamotrigine). Subjects were divide into 2 groups, control groups (age matching) whose seizure were not controlled and case groups whose seizure were controlled for at least six months. The risk factors studied were seizure type, developmental status, initial neurological status, initial electroencephalography (EEG), clinical evolution and EEG evolution,Results: There were 60 subjects in each group; the most proportion in case group were 66,7% males, 31,7% of the age range of 6-12 months, 83,3% onset of seizures <12 months, and 93,3% general seizures. Of the 6 risk factors studied, only the EEG evolution significantly and independently affecting the success of therapy, with p value <0,001; aOR 9.53; 95%CI 3.39-26.77.Conclusion: Patients with good EEG evolution were 9.53 times more likely to have controlled seizure with second generation AED, compared to patients with poor EEG evolution."

"ABSTRAKStunting growth adalah pertumbuhan abnormal pada tinggi badan yang diklasifikasikan menurut standar pengukuran World Health Organization WHO yaitu tinggi badan menurut usia berada di bawah minus 2 SD. Defisiensi nutrisi yang umum terjadi pada stunting antara lain defisiensi besi. Besi merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun hemoglobin Hb . Hb mengisi eritrosit, dan mempengaruhi ukuran eritrosit MCV . Studi ini menilai hubungan kadar besi serum SI dengan MCV dan Hb. Di samping itu, studi ini juga menilai perbedaan kadar besi serum SI , Hb, MCV, dan TIBC pada kelompok stunting dan non stunting.Dalam pengolahan data, pertama-tama dilakukan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Uji korelasi nilai SI dengan MCV dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman, diperoleh hasil korelasi lemah dan bermakna secara statistik r = 0,361 dan p = 0,002 . Uji korelasi nilai SI dengan Hb dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman, diperoleh hasil korelasi sedang dan bermakna secara statistik r = 0,559 dan p < 0.001 . Uji perbedaan nilai SI, nilai Hb, dan nilai MCV pada kelompok stunting dan non stunting dilakukan dengan uji Mann Whitney dan diperoleh hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada semua parameter antara kedua kelompok. SI p = 0,224 , Hb level p = 0,266 , MCV p = 0,576 , dan TIBC p = 0,266.

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ABSTRAKAccording to World Health Organization WHO , stunting is an impaired growth in children whose height for age below minus two standard deviations. Stunted children are most likely to also suffer malnutrition. One of the most common malnutrition is iron deficiency. Iron is the component of hemoglobin Hb and its presence can affect the size of the erythrocytes MCV . The aim of this study was to, 1 evaluate the relationship of serum iron SI and MCV also SI and Hb level 2 compare the differences between SI, Hb, MCV, and TIBC in stunting children and non stunting children.To asses the normality of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test for normality were performed. The correlation between SI and MCV was assessed using Spearman correlation and there was statistically significant weak correlation between SI and MCV r 0.361 p 0.002 . Spearman correlation test between SI and Hb level gave a statistically significant moderate correlation between SI and Hb level r 0.559 p 0.001 . Furthermore, the Mann Whitney comparison test of SI, Hb level, MCV and TIBC proved to be not significant between stunting children and non stunting children in each of the parameters SI p 0.224 , Hb level p 0.266 , MCV p 0.576 , and TIBC p 0.266 ."