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"Epilepsi yang muncul saat masa anak-anak dapat memengaruhi perkembangan anak termasuk fungsi kognitif. Prevalensi gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi cukup tinggi. Pemeriksaan Intelligence quotient (IQ) memerlukan waktu pemeriksaan yang lama dan biaya yang mahal, diperlukan alat skrining untukmendeteksi gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi anak yaitu MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier.Tujuan: Mengetahui seberapa besar nilai diagnostik dari MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier versi bahasa Indonesia dalam mendeteksi gangguan kognitif pada anak epilepsi usia 8-11 tahun. Metode:Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap subyek berusia 8-11tahundengan epilepsi. Pada subyek dilakukan pemeriksaanskrining MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier bahasa Indonesia dan kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan baku emas IQ oleh psikolog. Hasil: Prevalensi gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi usia 8-11 tahun sebesar 72,9%. MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier memiliki sensitifitas 83%, spesifisitas 85%, nilai prediksi positif 94%, nilai prediksi negatif 65% dan akurasi 83%. Simpulan: MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier versibahasa Indonesia memiliki nilai diagnostik yang baik dan dapat menjadi pilihan dalam deteksi dini gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi anak.

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Epilepsy that appears during childhood can affect children's development including cognitive function. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients isquite high. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)examinationrequires a long examination time and expensive costs, a screening tool for cognitive clearance is needed in pediatric epilepsy patients, Which is Ouvrier modified MMSE. Objective:To knowthe diagnostic value of Ourvier modified MMSEdetecting cognitive impairment in children aged 8-11 yearswith epilepsy. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 8-11 yearswith epilepsy. The subjects examined with Ouvier modified MMSE and then a standard gold IQ examination was carried out by a psychologist. Results:The Prevalence of cognitive impairment in 8-11 years epilepsy patients is 72,9%.Ouvrier modified MMSE has a sensitivity of 83%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 94%, negative predictive value 65% and accuracy 83%Conclusion:Ouvrier modified MMSE has good diagnostic value and it can be an option in early detection of cognitive impairment in paediatric epilepsy patients"

"Penderita epilepsi anak memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami gangguan kognitif yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan kognitif pada usia 8-11 tahun menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination MMSE modifikasi Ouvrier. Metode penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM dan Pasar Rebo pada Mei-Juni 2018. Tiga puluh satu pasien diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Jumlah laki-laki dan perempuan adalah 58,1 dan 41,9 . Sebagian besar subyek berasal dari RSCM 87,1 dengan kelompok usia terbanyak 10-11 tahun 48,4 . Prevalensi gangguan kognitif sebesar 74,2 . Sebanyak 87,5 subyek dengan obat anti epilepsi OAE politerapi mengalami gangguan kognitif. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah bangkitan 11-100 kali selama hidup dengan gangguan kognitif p

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Children with epilepsy are at high risk of cognitive disorders. We performed cross sectional study to evaluate clinical characteristics and prevalence of cognitive disorders in children aged 8 ndash 11 years using Ouvrier rsquo s Modified Mini Mental State Examination MMSE . The study was done in Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM and Pasar Rebo Hospital from May June 2018. Thirty one patients were enrolled. Male and female were 58,1 and 41,9 . The prevalence of cognitive disorder was 74,2 . There was 87,5 patients with AEDs polytherapy had cognitive disorders. It was significantly different between lifetime seizure frequency 11 100 with cognitive disorder p10 times had 59,5 higher risk, and AEDs polytherapy showed tendency of cognitive impairment risk."

"ABSTRAKGangguan kognitif ringan merupakan gejala awal dari perkembangan penyakit demensia yang dapat dicegah dan diperbaiki. Deteksi MCI menggunakan bantuan informan memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan pemeriksaan langsung ke lansia. Salah satu pemeriksaan berdasarkan informan adalah IQCODE-S. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan adaptasi lintas budaya, uji validitas dan reliabilitas IQCODE-S Bahasa Indonesia.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi adaptasi lintas budaya berdasarkan ketentuan World Health Organization WHO , dilanjutkan uji validitas interna, reliabilitas interna dan reliabilitas test-retest pada 30 pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tahap kedua adalah uji diagnostik. Hasil IQCODE-S dengan titik potong ge;3,19 dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebagai baku emas.Hasil. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi bahasa Indonesia didapatkan melalui proses adaptasi lintas budaya menurut WHO. Hasil uji validitas interna dengan korelasi Spearman didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,382 hingga 0,778. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi interna dengan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha 0,854. Perbedaan nilai koefisien korelasi dan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha antara pemeriksaan pertama dan retest menunjukkan reliabilitas test-retest yang baik. Dari 63 subyek uji diagnostik, proporsi MCI hasil pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebanyak 87,3 . Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki sensitivitas 76,4 dan spesifisitas 87,5 . Kesimpulan. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menapis MCI. Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi tapi belum dapat menjadi alat skrining MCI di komunitas.Kata Kunci. MCI, IQCODE-S versi Indonesia, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji diagnostik.

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ABSTRACTMild cognitive impairment MCI is the most early clinical symptom from the progression stage of dementia which this stage can be prevented or fixed. Detection of MCI by using informant based report has many advantages compared with objective screening test. One of informant based tools is Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly short version IQCODE S . The aim of this study is to develop transcultural adaptation, validity and reliability test and diagnostic test with neuropsychological test of the IQCODE S.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization WHO standards, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test retest in 30 elderly patients within their informants who fulfill the inclusion criteria. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, IQCODE S, with cut off point ge 3,19,will be compared with Neuropsychological test as the gold standard examination for diagnosing MCI.Results. The Indonesian version of IQCODE S was obtained by transcultural adaptation based on WHO standards. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.38 to 0.778 Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach rsquo s Alpha was 0.854. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach rsquo s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test retest reliability. Out of 63 of subjects of diagnostic test, the proportion of MCI using neuropsychological test was 87.3 . With cut off point 3,19, IQCODE S had sensitivity rate of 76,4 and specificity 87,5 .Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the IQCODE S was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate but there should be cut off point determination as screening test so sensitivity could be higher than specificity. Keywords. MCI, IQCODE S Indonesian version, validity and reliability test, diagnostic test. "

"Latar belakang: Perkembangan kognitif anak berkaitan erat dengan pertambahan usia dan tingkat pendidikan. Anak rentan dalam mengalami gangguan kognitif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif pada anak yang dapat berfungsi sebagai alat skrining bagi tenaga medis. SYSTEMS-R merupakan salah satu intrumen skrining fungsi kognitif anak berusia 4 hingga 15 tahun di Australia. Sensitifitas dari instrumen ini adalah 83% dan 92% dengan nilai spesitifitas sebesar 76% dan 95%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini guna mendapatkan nilai normal fungsi kognitif anak menggunakan SYSTEMS-R di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan disain potong lintang menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah total 631 subjek penelitian dari 6 sekolah sejak Januari hingga April 2019. Penelitian dilakukan setelah mendapatkan izin etik dan diolah menggunakan SPSS 20.Hasil: Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 298 anak laki-laki (47,2%) dan 333 anak perempuan (52,8%). Skor terendah ditemukan pada usia 4 (12; 5-22) dan tertinggi adalah usia 15 (35; 28-40). Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, skor terendah 14; 5-26 ditemukan di siswa TK dan tertinggi 35; 28-40 ditemukan di kelas 3 SMP. Waktu rata-rata dalam pelaksanaan membutuhkan 06,23 ± 01,32 menit. Skor SYSTEMS-R meningkat berdasarkan pertambahan usia dan tingkat pendidikan (p <0,05). Cut-off score untuk setiap kelompok umur dan tingkat pendidikan meningkat (p <0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara klinis dan statistik antara skor SYSTEMS-R dengan pertambahan usia dan tingkat pendidikan (p < 0,05). Cut-off score yang rendah dapat mengindikasikan adanya gangguan kognitif sehingga diperlukan suatu pemeriksaan neurologis lebih lanjut.

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Background: Cognitive development of children is closely related to age and education levels. Children has risk of cognitive impairment so that cognitive function screening tool will be needed. SYSTEMS-R is one of the cognitive function screening tools that used in children aged 4 to 15 years old in Australia. It has a sensitivity value of 83% and 92% and specificity of 76% and 95%. The purpose of the study is to get a normal value and cut off score based on age and education levels in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional design and observational study with primary data from 631 children from 6 schools in Jakarta had been performed from January to April 2019.

This research has been approved by an ethical committee and processed using SPSS 20.

Results: The subjects consisted of 298 boys (47.2%) and 333 girls (52.8%). The lowest score was found in age 4 (12;5-22) and the highest was in age 15 (35;28-40). Based on education levels, the lowest score of 14;5-26 was found in kindergartens and the highest ​​of 35;28-40 was found in 3rd grade of the junior high school. The average time in sampling requires 06.23±01.32 minutes. The SYSTEMS-R scores increase with age and education levels (p<0.05). The cut off score of each age group and education levels increases (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The relationship was statistically and clinically significant between SYSTEMS-R score with age and education levels (p<0.05). A lower score of cut off score can indicate a cognitive impairment that further neurological examination may be needed.

"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tumbuh kembang anak dapat dinilai dari kemampuan Adaptasi, Personal Sosial, Motorik, Komunikasi, dan Kognitif. Pemeriksaan tumbuh kembang yang sering dilakukan di Indonesia adalah Kuesioner Praskrining Perkembangan (KPSP), Denver II dan pemeriksaan Bayley III. Battelle Development Inventory II (BDI II) sudah banyak digunakan secara luas di Indonesia, namun belum dilakukan validasi hingga saat ini.Tujuan. Uji Validasi instrumen Battelle Development Inventory II versi Bahasa IndonesiaMetode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 30 subyek dengan menilai hasil pemeriksaan profil tumbuh kembang anak yang meliputi domain Adaptasi, Personal Sosial, Motorik, Komunikasi, dan Kognitif.Hasil: Telah dilakukan proses penerjemahan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan dilakukan penerjemahan kembali ke dalam Bahasa Inggris sebagai salah satu rangkaian uji Validitas Konten, dengan dilakukan penilaian oleh tim Ahli Fungsi Luhur dan Neuropediatri dengan hasil yang valid ( Kappa > 0.8) Uji instrumen validitas dilakukan pada masing masing subdomain didapatkan bahwa koefisien korelasi antar domain dalam BDI II dan antara sub domain dengan nilai total domainnya memiliki hasil yang valid (p<0.05).Kesimpulan: BDI II versi Indonesia valid untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian tumbuh kembang anak di Indonesia untuk pemeriksaan tumbuh kembang anak.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Child development can be assessed from adaptive, motor, communication, cognitive, and personal social abilities. Examination of children's growth that is often carried out in Indonesia is Kuesioner Praskrining Perkembangan (KPSP), Denver II and Bayley III examination. Battelle Development Inventory II (BDI II) has been widely used in Indonesia, but has not been validated to date.Purpose: Validation BDI II Indonesia Language versionMethods: In this cross-sectional study. data collected from the examination the profile of children's growth and development of 30 subject, included the domain of adaptation, personal social , motoric, communication, and cognitive.Results: The translation process into Indonesian and back translation into English as one of a series of Content Validity tests, with an assessment by the expert Neurobehaviour and Neuropediatrician with valid results (Kappa> 0.8) Test of validity performed on each subdomain was found that the correlation coefficients between domains in BDI II and between sub domains with the total domain values ​​had valid results (p <0.05) and have a strong correlation (r> 0.8)Conclusion: The Indonesian version of Battelle Develompent Inventory II (BDI II) is valid for use as an assessment instrument for child growth in Indonesia for the examination of child growth and development."

"Latar belakang. OCS merupakan instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk penapisan ganguan fungsi kognitif. Instrumen ringkas, domain spesifik, dan mampu untuk penapisan afasia dan pengabaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas OCS-INA.Metode. Proses adaptasi dan translasi OCS sesuai kaidah WHO, kemudian dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas OCS-INA. Populasi penelitian subjek berumur > 18 tahun dengan fungsi kognitif normal menggunakan Moca-INA. Penelitian dilakukan di panti sosial dan fasilitas kesehatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Hasil. 104 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebagian besar laki-laki (51,92%). Usia berkisar antara 20 sampai 87 tahun dengan prevalensi usia tertinggi > 60 tahun (60%), tingkat pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas (35,58%) dan kebanyakan tidak bekerja (62,5%). Uji validitas menggunakan rumus koefisien korelasi spearman, nilai valid pada hampir semua domain yaitu nilai r hitung > r tabel (0,1927). Uji reliabilitas Kappa p didapatkan interpretasi kesepakatan dominan sangat baik pada 6 tugas pemeriksaan, yaitu tugas semantik (0,874), orientasi (0,842) memori verbal (0,822), memori episodik (0,870) dan tes lapang pandang (1,000). Nilai baik didapatkan pada tes penamaan gambar (0,774), membaca (0,726) dan kalkulasi (0,774).Kesimpulan. OCS-INA valid dan reliabel sebagai instrumen untuk penapisan gangguan kognitif dan bisa melengkapi instrumen yang sudah digunakan sebelumnya.

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Background. OCS is an instrument that can be used to screen impaired cognitive function. This is a compact, domain specific and capable instrument for aphasia and neglect screening. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of OCS-INA.

Method. The process of adaptation and translation of OCS according to WHO rules, then tested the validity and reliability of OCS-INA. The study population was subjects > 18 years old with normal cognitive function using Moca-INA. The study was conducted in social institutions and health facilities that met the inclusion criteria.

Results. 104 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Most of the subjects were men (51.92%). Age of subjects ranged from 20 to 87 years with the highest age prevalence > 60 years (60%), high school education level (35.58%) and most of them were not working (62.5%). The validity test uses the Spearman correlation coefficient formula, the valid value in almost all domains is the calculated r value > r table (0.1927). Kappa p reliability test showed that the dominant agreement interpretation was very good on 6 examination tasks: semantic (0.874), orientation (0.842) verbal memory (0.822), episodic memory (0.870) and visual field test (1,000). Good scores were obtained in the picture naming test (0.774), sentence reading (0.726) and calculation (0.774).

Conclusion. OCS-INA is valid and reliable instrument for cognitive impairment screening and can complement the instruments that have been used previously."

"Pasien dengan disfagia rentan mengalami komplikasi seperti pneumonia aspirasi hingga kematian. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alat skrining untuk mendiagnosis disfagia secara cepat. GUSS merupakan alat skrining dengan validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dalam menilai disfagia, namun belum dilakukan uji diagnostik di Indonesia. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari pasien disfagia neurogenik yang kemudian menjalani pemeriksaan GUSS-INA dengan modifikasi bahan uji, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan baku emas FEES. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji diagnostik untuk melihat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas GUSS-INA sebagai metode skrining disfagia. Rerata pasien disfagia neurogenik di RSCM berusia 56 tahun dengan jumlah proporsi laki – laki lebih besar dengan penyebab tersering adalah stroke, dengan komorbid hipertensi (56.5%), dengan komplikasi pneumonia 21.7%. Sebagian besar mengalami disfagia kronik, seluruh pasien mengalami keluhan subjektif disfagia dengan 3 gejala tersering adalah batuk, tersedak, dan sulit menelan terutama konsistensi padat. Lebih dari separuh pasien membutuhkan selang makan. Rerata status gizi pasien menunjukan indeks masa tubuh 24.92, dengan rerata penurunan BB 2 kg. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan pencitraan pasien stroke, lokasi tersering berada supratentorial, dengan derajat stroke sedang. Rerata nilai GUSS 14 (disfagia sedang) pada seluruh subjek, 28.3% mengalami aspirasi. Hasil Uji diagnostik GUSS-INA sebagai alat skrining deteksi disfagia memiliki nilai Sensitivitas 84%, Spesifisitas 78%, NDP 94%, NDN 54% dan AUC 0.86. Modalitas GUSS-INA dapat dijadikan alat skrining disfagia yang cukup baik.

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Patient with dysphagia has the tendency to undergo serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia that can cause increased mortality. Screening tool to effectively diagnose dysphagia in patient with difficulty swallowing is needed. GUSS is a screening tool with good validity and reliability; however, no diagnostic test has been done in Indonesia. This study samples consisted of neurogenic dysphagia patients which underwent GUSS-INA with test material modification assessment followed by FEES as gold standard examination. Diagnostic test was then done to analyze sensitivity and specificity of GUSS-INA as dysphagia screening tool. The average age of neurologenic dysphagia patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was 56 years with higher male proportion, most common etiology was stroke, with most common morbidity being hypertension (56,5%). History of pneumonia was found in 21.7% patients.Majority of patients have chronic dysphagia, all patients had subjective dysphagia complaint with three most common symptoms being cough, choking, and difficulty swallowing especially of solid texture. More than half of the patients needed feeding tube. The average of BMI was 24.93, with average weight loss of 2 kg. Based on radiology results on post-stroke cases, the most common lesion was supratentorial, with moderate stroke score. Average GUSS score is 14 (moderate dysphagia) from all subjects and in 18.3% patients aspiration in found. Diagnostic test result of GUSS-INA as screening tool for neurogenic dysphagia had 84% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 94% PPV, 54% NPV, and AUC of 0.86. GUSS-INA could be used as a screening tool for dysphagia."

"Studi PISA di tahun 2018 menunjukkan rendah dan lambatnya perkembangan kognitif literasi dari peserta didik di Indonesia, di mana Indonesia menempati peringkat 10 terbawah di ketiga bidang literasi. Isu tersebut menjadi salah satu agenda pembangunan ekonomi nasional dalam RPJMN tahun 2020-2024 terkait kualitas sumber daya manusia. Menurut teori fungsi produksi kognitif oleh Leibowitz (1974) dan Todd & Wolpin (2007), rumah tangga memiliki peran dalam perkembangan kognitif anak, yaitu melalui pemberian input investasi rumah tangga berupa kuantitas dan kualitas waktu. Selain itu, kognitif juga dipengaruhi oleh kecerdasan genetik dan input sekolah. Namun, isu tingginya jam kerja dan tingkat prevalensi depresi di Indonesia dapat menghambat orang tua memberikan waktu yang berkualitas kepada anak. Jam kerja dapat menjadi proksi dari kuantitas waktu dan gejala depresi sebagai proksi dari kualitas waktu (Becker, 1965; Saptarini et al., 2020). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan jam kerja dan kesehatan mental orang tua terhadap kognitif anak dalam konteks investasi rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang kelima di tahun 2014/2015 dengan metode regresi ordinary least square. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 7-14 tahun yang memiliki orang tua lengkap dan hidup bersama. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 1.894 anak usia 7-14 tahun yang memiliki data kontrol lengkap, antara lain karakteristik anak, ayah, ibu, sosial ekonomi rumah tangga, dan sekolah. Penelitian ini menemukan hubungan positif signifikan di tingkat 1% antara jam kerja ayah dan kognitif anak. Namun, hasil tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara jam kerja ibu dan kognitif anak. Peneliti memodifikasi jam kerja ibu dari numerik menjadi dummy overtime dan menemukan hubungan negatif signifikan di tingkat 10%. Hal ini menunjukkan peran bereda dari ayah dan ibu terhadap kognitif anak. Selain itu, regresi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara orang tua depresi dengan kognitif anak. Di luar konteks investasi rumah tangga, peneliti menemukan mayoritas variabel-variabel terkait kecerdasan genetik dan input sekolah signifikan terhadap kognitif anak. Dengan demikian, isu rendahnya kognitif anak dapat diatasi melalui peran orang tua dan rumah tangga, serta peran pemerintah dalam kebijakan terkait input sekolah.

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In 2018, the PISA survey revealed that Indonesian students' cognitive literacy development is poor and slow, with the country ranking in the bottom ten in all three literacy domains. This is one of the national economic development agendas related to human resource quality in the 2020-2024 RPJMN. According to Leibowitz (1974) and Todd & Wolpin (2007)'s cognitive production function theory, households play an important role in children's cognitive development by giving home investment in the form of quantity and quality of time. In addition, inherited intelligence and school inputs have an effect on cognitive abilities. High working hours and the prevalence of depression in Indonesia, on the other hand, can impede parents from spending quality time with their children. Working hours can be used as a proxy for time quantity, while depressive symptoms can be used as a proxy for time quality (Becker, 1965; Saptarini et al., 2020). As a result, this study aimed to investigate the impact of working hours and parents' mental health on children's cognitive development in the context of household investment. The ordinary least square regression approach was used to analyze data from the Indonesian family life survey's fifth wave in 2014/2015. This study's unit of analysis includes children aged 7 to 14 who have both parents and live together. This study included 1,894 children aged 7 to 14 with complete control data on their parents, mothers, family socioeconomics, and schools. The father's working hours and the child's cognitive abilities were found to have a significant positive relationship at the 1% level in this study. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between the mother's working hours and the child's cognitive abilities. Researchers modified maternal working hours from numeric to dummy over time and found a significant negative relationship at the 10% level. This illustrates how fathers and mothers play various roles in their children's cognitive development. Furthermore, regressions revealed no significant relationship between depressed parents and their children's cognitive abilities. Outside the context of home investment, the researchers found that most variables related to genetic intelligence and school input were significant to children`s cognitive. Thus, the issue of children's low cognitive abilities can be overcome through the role of parents and households and the government's role in school input policies

"

"Latar belakang: Epilepsi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronik dan memiliki risikotinggi untuk mengalami gangguan kognitif yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup.Pemeriksaan Intelligence quotient (IQ) memerlukan waktu pemeriksaan yang lama danbiaya yang mahal, diperlukan alat skrining untuk mendeteksi gangguan kognitif padapasien epilepsi anak yaitu School Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of MentalStatus-Revised (SYSTEMS-R)Tujuan: Mengetahui seberapa besar nilai diagnostik dari School Years Screening TestFor Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) dalam mendeteksi gangguankognitif pada anak epilepsi usia 6-15 tahun.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto MangunkusumoJakarta terhadap subjek berusia 6-15 tahun dengan epilepsi. Pada sampel dilakukananamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik, dilanjutkan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif denganSchool Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R)dan kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan baku emas IQ oleh psikolog.Hasil: Prevalensi gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi usia 6-15 tahun sebesar86,3%. School Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised(SYSTEMS-R) memiliki sensitivitas 84%, spesifisitas 91%, nilai prediksi positif 98%,nilai prediksi negatif 47%, rasio kemungkinan positif 10,11, rasio kemungkinan negatif0,17 dan akurasi 85%.Simpulan: School Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised(SYSTEMS-R) memiliki nilai diagnostik yang baik dan dapat menjadi pilihan dalamdeteksi dini gangguan kognitif pada pasien epilepsi anak.

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Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disease and children with epilepsy are at high risk

of cognitive disorders which can affect the quality of life. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

examination requires a long examination time and expensive costs, a screening tool for

cognitive clearance is needed in pediatric epilepsy patients, which is School Years

Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R)

Objective: To know the diagnostic value of School Years Screening Test For

Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) detecting cognitive impairment in

children aged 6-15 years with epilepsy.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta

was conducted on subjects aged 6-15 years with epilepsy. We evaluated history of

illness, physical examination, and cognitive function using School Years Screening Test

For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) and then a standard gold IQ

examination was carried out by a psychologist.

Results: The Prevalence of cognitive impairment in 6-15 years epilepsy patients is

86,3%. School Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised

(SYSTEMS-R) has a sensitivity of 84%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 98%,

negative predictive value 47%, positive likelihood ratio 10,11, negative likelihood 0,17

and accuracy 85%.

Conclusion: School Years Screening Test For Evaluation Of Mental Status-Revised

(SYSTEMS-R) has good diagnostic value and it can be an option in early detection of

cognitive impairment in paediatric epilepsy patients"

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Gangguan cemas menyeluruh (GCM) merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan ansietas tersering pada populasi epilepsi yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup, sehingga deteksi dini sangatlah penting. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) merupakan instrumen penapis GCM satu-satunya yang pernah divalidasi pada pasien epilepsi, yaitu di Korea dengan titik potong ≥7. Instrumen GAD-7 dapat dikerjakan pasien sendiri kurang dari 3 menit, sehingga cocok digunakan di poliklinik neurologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kuesioner GAD-7 versi bahasa Indonesia yang valid, reliabel dan akurat untuk menapis GCM pada pasien epilepsi dewasa.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi adaptasi lintas budaya berdasarkan ketentuan World Health Organization (WHO), uji validitas isi berdasarkan penilaian pakar mengenai relevansi butir pertanyaan GAD-7 hasil adaptasi, dilanjutkan uji validitas interna, reliabilitas interna dan reliabilitas test-retest pada 30 pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tahap kedua adalah uji diagnostik. Hasil GAD-7 dengan titik potong ≥7 dibandingkan dengan wawancara Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) sebagai baku emas.Hasil. Koefisien validitas isi berdasarkan metode Martuzua dari GAD-7 hasil adaptasi bahasa Indonesia adalah 0,847. Hasil uji validitas interna dengan korelasi Spearman didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,648 hingga 0,800 (p<0,01). Uji reliabilitas konsistensi interna dengan Cronbach?s Alpha 0,867. Perbedaan nilai koefisien korelasi dan Cronbach?s Alpha antara pemeriksaan pertama dan retest menunjukkan reliabilitas test-retest yang baik. Dari 146 subyek uji diagnostik, prevalensi GCM hasil pemeriksaan MINI ICD-10 sebesar 16,4%. Dengan titik potong ≥7, GAD-7 memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 84,4%. Kesimpulan. Kuesioner GAD-7 versi Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menapis GCM. Dengan titik potong ≥7, GAD-7 memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi untuk menapis GCM pada pasien epilepsi dewasa.ABSTRACT Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7."