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"One critique, among others, delivered to the existing criminal justice system is that its decision rarely solves problem. There's always a case that the justice's decision whether to acquit or to punish the suspect be refused by related parties. At this point, a new idea of restorative justice, a model of justice which emphasizes healing for all related parties, is then introduced.The writer proposes to combine the idea of restorative justice with another idea of diversion especially when the involved suspect is children."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana hubungan tanggung jawab antara subjek hukum kesehatan, seperti dokter, pasien, rumah sakit, dan pemerintah yang berkaitan antara satu sama lain, baik di Indonesia maupun di Selandia Baru. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga mengulas sistem kesehatan di Selandia Baru yang memberikan kompensasi kepada pasien yang menderita cedera perawatan yang ditimbulkan dari kelalaian medis. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan doktrinal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sistem kompensasi Selandia Baru yang memberikan bantuan untuk biaya perawatan dan rehabilitasi untuk semua cedera pribadi. Sistem ini berfokus pada unsur memperbaiki kondisi seperti semula dibandingkan dengan membuktikan kesalahan dari tenaga medis. Basis dari peraturan pada sistem kompensasi akibat cedera ini adalah Accident Compensation Act 2001 yang mengatur badan hukum yang bertugas untuk mengelola sistem kompensasi ini. Sistem kesehatan Selandia Baru yang tidak berfokus pada kesalahan ini dapat menciptakan sistem yang menekankan pada pengembalian kondisi ke semula (restorative justice). Oleh karena itu, pendekatan seperti ini seharusnya dapat diterapkan di Indonesia mengingat pentingnya melindungi dokter dari resiko profesinya yang tinggi. Sehingga, penyelesaian sengketa medis dapat memberikan solusi yang menguntungkan kepada semua pihak.

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This paper analyzes the relationship of responsibility between health law subjects, such as doctors, patients, hospitals, and government in relation to each other both in Indonesia and New Zealand. In addition, this thesis also reviews the health system in New Zealand where this system provides compensation to patients who suffer treatment injuries arising from medical negligence. This research is descriptive with a doctrinal approach. The results of this study shows that New Zealand’s compensation system which provides assistance for treatment and rehabilitation costs for all personal injuries. The system focuses on the element of restoring the original condition rather than proving fault of the medical professional. The regulatory basis of the injury compensation system is the Accident Compensation Act 2001 which governs the statutory body tasked with administering the compensation system. New Zealand’s no-fault system can create a system that emphasizes restorative justice. Therefore, this approach should be applied in Indonesia given the importance of protecting doctors from the high risks of their profession. So that medical dispute resolution can provide solutions that are beneficial to all parties. "

"Restorative justice merupakan salah satu pendekatan alternatif dalam penyelesaian konflik di luar pengadilan yang melibatkan pihak-pihak yang berkonflik. Penerapan restorative justice berprinsip pada pemulihan korban dan menekankan pada proses yang adil. Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, tidak lagi menawarkan segala bentuk penyelesaian konflik yang dilakukan tanpa melibatkan adanya proses pengadilan, dikarenakan anggapan bahwa proses restorative justice tidak dapat dikontrol dan penuh dengan dilema. Praktik restorative justice yang ideal, yang mengutamakan kepentingan dan kebutuhan korban memungkinkan timbulnya perasaan memaafkan oleh korban kepada pelaku sebagai tanggapan dari penjelasan mengenai perilaku pelaku, ungkapan penyesalan dan penebusan kesalahan yang diberikan oleh pelaku. Pemaafaan memungkinkan korban melepaskan ketakutannya akan peristiwa masa lalu dan ketakutan akan pelaku. Penghapusan restorative justice menyebabkan munculnya pandangan pro dan kontra, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan temuan yang menguatkan argumen penerapan restorative justice dalam penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode population-based survey experiments. Penelitian eksperimen dilakukan dengan membagi partisipan (n=188) kedalam empat kelompok eksperimen, dimana setiap kelompok akan diberikan stimulus berupa cerita singkat (vignette) mengenai penerapan restorative justice pada kasus kekerasan seksual dan dilihat nilai pemaafannya dengan menggunakan alat ukur TRIM-18. Hasil pengujian One-way F-test ANOVA menunjukkan nilai F= 1,163, p= 0,325 (p > 0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan restorative justice tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap nilai pemaafan korban kekerasan seksual.

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Restorative justice is an alternative approach in resolving conflicts outside of court involving conflicting parties. Application restorative justice principled on the recovery of victims and emphasizes a fair process. Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence, no longer offers any form of conflict resolution that is carried out without involving a court process, due to the assumption that the process restorative justice uncontrollable and full of dilemmas. The ideal practice of restorative justice that prioritizes the interests and needs of the victim enables feelings of forgiveness by the victim towards the perpetrator in response to explanations regarding the perpetrator's behavior, expressions of regret and redemption of mistakes given by the perpetrator. Forgiveness allows the victim to let go of their fears about past events and their fear of the perpetrator. Removal restorative justice causes the emergence of pro and con views, so this research aims to provide findings that strengthen the implementation argument restorative justice in previous studies. This research uses population-based survey experiments. Experimental research was carried out by dividing participants (n=188) into four experimental groups, where each group would be given a stimulus in the form of a short story (vignette) about the process of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence and seen the value of forgiveness using TRIM-18. Test result of One-way F-test ANOVA shows the value of F= 1.163, p= 0.325 (p > 0.05). This shows that implementation of restorative justice did not provide a significant difference to the forgiveness value of victims of sexual violence."

"Dalam perkembangan hukum pidana dikenal Keadilan Restoratif yaitu keadilan yang berorientadi pada pemulihan kekeadaan semula (restorasi). Dalam Hukum Adat Bali dikenal beberapa aturan yang mengatur menganai Tindak Pidana Adat Bali. Permasalahan adalah : Bagaimana Implementasi penerapan nilai-nilai Restorative Justice melalui mekanisme Mediasi Penal dalam penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Adat Bali? Pada umumnya penyelesaian suatu perkara pidana menggunakan mekanisme peradilan formal (Sistem Peradilan Pidana) akan tetapi untuk menciptakan keharmonisan dalam masyarakat yaitu untuk menciptakan keseimbangan lahir dan batin yang sesuai dengan tujuan Hukum Adat Bali, maka penyelesaian dengan menggunakan pendekatan nilai-nilai Restorative Justice pantas dikedepankan. Salah satu bentuk penerapan Keadilan Restorative adalah dengan menggunakan mekanisme Mediasi. Mediasi pada umumnya dikenal sebagai salah satu bentuk Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa dalam hukum perdata, namun dalam perkembangannya mediasi dapat dilakukan dalam perkara pidana yang dikenal dengan Mediasi Penal. Dalam Masyarakat Adat Bali yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai agama hindu, nilai-nilai Restoratif dapat dipergunakan dalam penyelesaian perkara-perkara adat. Dalam masyarakat adat bali terdapat lembaga-lembaga adat seperti Subak, Banjar, Desa Pekraman, Majelis Desa Pekraman dan sebagainya. Lembaga-lembaga adat ini berperan penting dalam membantu menyelesaikan suatu perkara-perkara adat yang terjadi dalam masyarakatnya. Dalam Masyarakat Adat Bali suatu perkara adat diselesaikan secara berjenjang dimulai dari penyelesaian secara intern kekeluargaan, kemudian penyelesaian diselesaikan ditingkat Banjar, jika gagal dilanjutkan dengan bantuan bendesa adat (Desa pekraman), apabila desa pekraman gagal dilanjutkan ke Majelis Desa Pekraman (MDP) yang diselesaikan pada awalnya tetap dengan mediasi (mejelis alit desa pekaraman), kemudian bila gagal dilanjutkan dengan sabha kertha (peradilan adat oleh Majelis madya desa pekraman), dan tingkat bandingnya oleh Majelis Utama Desa Pekraman. Dalam penyelesaian perkara adat juga terdapat sutau sinergi (kerjasama) antara Sub sistem peradilan Pidana (Kepolisian dalam bentuk Polisi masyarakat) bekerjasama dengan Lembaga adat (Banjar, Desa Pekraman, dan Majelis Desa Pekraman) yang kita kenal sebagai Model Hybrid Justice System. Penerapan model Hybrid Justice System masih berfungsi dengan baik dalam penyelesaian perkara-perkara pidana umum yang ringan maupun Tindak Pidana Adat Bali. Model Hybrid Justice System merupakan salah satu model dari penjabaran nilai-nilai Restorative Justice.

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In the development of criminal law known restorative justice the justice recovery-oriented reconstruction (restoration). Customary law in Bali known some rules that govern Traditional Balinese about the crime. The problem is: How does the implementation of the application of Restorative Justice through the mechanism of mediation in the settlement of penal Criminal Adat Bali? In General, completion of a criminal to use the mechanism of formal judicial (criminal justice system) but to create harmony in society, namely to create the balance of birth and inner purpose in accordance with the customary law of bali, then finishing by using a values approach to Restorative Justice deserved the most noteworthy. One form of application of restorative justice is to use the mechanisms of mediation. Mediation is generally known as a form of alternative dispute resolution in civil law, but in its development of mediation can be done in criminal cases, known as penal of mediation. In indigenous communities, based on the Balinese hindu values, restorative values can be used in the settlement of cases of indigenous peoples. In bali there are indigenous institutions of indigenous peoples such as Subak, Banjar, Desa Pekraman, Majelis Desa Pekaraman (MDP) and so on. This indigenous institutions played an important role in helping solve a customs matters taking place within society. In the case of indigenous peoples indigenous to bali a tiered basis resolved starting from the resolution of internal kinship, then completed the present settlement of Banjar, if failed to proceed with the help of Bendesa adat (Desa Pekraman), in the Desa pekraman failed to proceed to the Majelis Desa Pekraman who settled at first stick with mediation (mejelis alit desa pekraman), then when it failed to proceed with the sabha kertha (indigenous justice by the Majelis Madya Desa Pekraman), and the level of the appeal by Majelis Utama Desa Pekaraman. In the settlement, there is an indigenous case synergies (of cooperation) between Sub criminal justice system (police, in the form of the police community) in collaboration with the Institute for indigenous peoples (Banjar, Desa Pekraman, and Majelis Desa Pekraman) that we know as a Model of the Hybrid Justice System. The application of model the Hybrid Justice System still works fine in the settlement of criminal cases of mild or general criminal adat bali. Model of the Hybrid Justice System was one of the models from the translation of the values of restorative justice."

""Restorative Justice" is a model approach which emerged in the 1960s in an effort to solve criminal cases. Unlike the approach used in conventional criminal justice system, this approach focuses on the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and society in the settlement process. This theory of the approach is still debated, but the view is in fact growing and it exercises a lot of influence on legal policies and practices in several countries. The UN through its basic principles considers the approach of restorative justice as the approach which could be used in the rational criminal justice system. Restorative justice is a concept of thinking that supports the development of the criminal justice system with emphasis on the required involvement of the community. It is also involving the casualties who with the current criminal justice system are excluded. In several countries, restorative justice has been translated into a variety of formulations to accommodate a variety of values, philosophical basis, terms, strategies, mechanisms, and programs. Good consultation with the perpetrators and the victims themselves may provide the public with a different mindset in preventing emerging problems. This process can involve the police, prosecutorial institution or the traditional institutions. Therefore, without excluding the work in the formal legal system, the institutional mechanism for resolution through consultation was working in the community. In the various principles and models of the restorative justice approach, the process of dialogue between the perpetrator and the victim is a fundamental and the also the most important part of the application of the restorative justice. The direct dialogue between the perpetrator and the victim gave the victim the opportunity to express what he/she felt, hope for human rights and the desire to reach a criminal settlement."