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"Selama tahun 2020, dunia sedang dilanda pandemi COVID-19, yang berdampak pada para pemberi kerja melakukan pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) kepada karyawannya untuk memangkas biaya. Salah satu biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh pemberi kerja adalah iuran jaminan kesehatan bagi pekerjanya, karena pemberian iuran jaminan kesehatan diwajibkan oleh Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia. Namun, di sisi lain, tagihan medis juga meningkat akibat pandemi COVID-19, yang memaksa karyawan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang menyediakan asuransi kesehatan untuk pekerjanya. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kepesertaan asuransi kesehatan oleh pemberi kerja dengan probabilitas pekerja melakukan mobilitas kerja. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) dengan observasi akhir sebanyak 62.750. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi logistik binomial. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan lima variabel karakteristik non pasar. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketika karyawan dilanggan asuransi kesehatan oleh majikannya, karyawan akan cenderung melakukan mobilitas kerja. Hasilnya juga sangat signifikan.

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During 2020, the world is being hit by the pandemic of COVID-19, which impacted the employers to dolayoffs to their employees in order to cut their costs. One of the costs that should be incurred by employers isthe health insurance subscription for their employees, as giving health insurance subscription is required by the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration Republic of Indonesia. Yet, on the other hand, medical bills were also increasing due to the pandemic of COVID-19, which forces the employee to get a job which the employers provide them with a health insurance subscription. This study aims to analyze the relation between health insurance subscription by the employers with the probability of the employees to do a job mobility. The data used for this study is from Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) with the final observations of 62,750. The study uses binomial logistic regression. This study also uses five non-market characteristicvariables. The result for this study is when the employee is being subscribed to health insurance by theiremployer, the employee will be less likely to do job mobility. The results are also very significant."

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Hubungan antara jenis kelainan histopatologik tertentu pada radang berulang tonsil dengan kelainan imunopatologik yang terjadi belum banyak diselidiki. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan antara kelainan histopatologik tertentu dengan kelainan imunopatologik yang timbul dengan jalan menghitung jumlah dan penyebaran set pengandung imunoglobulin (SPIg) pada tonsil serta mengukur kadar imunoglobulin serum pada penderita radang berulang tonsil. Diperiksa 125 pasang tonsil dan serum yang berasal dari 125 anak usia 4-14 tahun yang menjalani tonsilektomi. Dengan pewarnaan HE dilakukan penggolongan jenis kelainan histopatologik. Dengan cara imunoperoksidase (PAP) diperiksa jumLah SPIg (keLas G,M,A,E dan D) pada daerah sentrum germinativum (SG), kelim limfosit (KL), interfolikuler (IF) dan epitel retikuler kripta (ER). Dengan cara imunodifusi radial diperiksa kadar imunoglobulin (kelas G,M dan A) dalam serum penderita. Sebagai perbandingan diperiksa kadar Ig serum yang berasal dari 33 anak sehat dengan tonsil yang tidak menunjukkan tanda radang.HasiL dan Kesimpulan: Secara histopatologik ditemukan jenis kelainan yaitu: hiperplasia tonsil (HT), 60,5 %; tonsilitis kronik .(TK), 23,2% dan tonsilitis kronik eksaserbasi akut (IKEA), 16,0%. Jumlah SPIg di daerah KL pada kelompok TK Lebih banyak dan berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok TKEA dan HT. Di daerah ER, jumlah SPIg pada kelompok TK Lebih sedikit dan berbeda bermakna dibandingkan keLompok TKEA. Ditemukan peningkatan bermakna kadar Ig G dalam serum pada kelompok TK dan HT dibandingkan dengan keLompok kelola, dan peningkatan bermakna kadar Ig A dalam serum penderita TK dibandingkan dengan kelompok kelola. Perbedaan jumlah dan penyebaran SPIg pada tonsil yang mengatami radang berulang sesuai dengan jenis kelainan histopatoLogik, yang diikuti dengan peningkatan kadar Ig G dan Ig A dalam serum.

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ABSTRACT

Scope and Method of Study: The relationship between histo pathological and immunopathological changes caused by recurrent inflammation of the tonsil has not been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to see the relationship between particular histopathological changes by counting the immunoglobulin containing cells (Ig CC) and its distribution in tonsil and to measure immunoglobulin (Ig) Level in serum of patients with recurrent inflammation of the tonsil. One hundred and twenty five pairs of tonsils and 125 sera from children aged 4-14 years, who underwent tonsillectomy were examined. Histopathological diagnosis was based on routine H and E staining. Immunoperoxidase (PAP) staining was performed to count the amount and distribution of Ig CC (G,M,A,E and D classes) in germinal center (GC), Lymphocyte cuff (LC), interfoLlicular (IF) and reticular part of epithelium (RE) areas. Ig (G,M and A) serum Levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion technique. As a comparison, Ig serum levels of 33 healthy children without signs of inflammation of the tonsil was examined.

Findings and Conclusions: Three histopathological changes were found: hyper plastic tonsil (HT), 60.8%; chronic tonsillitis (CT), 23.2% and chronic tonsillitis with acute exacerbation (CTAE), 16.0%. Significantly higher proportion of Ig CC in LC area was found in CT group compared to CTAE and HT groups. In contrast, in RE area the proportion of Ig CC in CT group was significantly Lower than in CTAE group. There were significant elevations of Ig G serum level in CT and HT groups compared to the control group. Ig A serum Level in CT group was significantly higher than the control group. This study revealed that Ig G CC have different distribution in inflamed tonsil according to its histopathological changes, and those changes were accompanied by the increase of Ig G and Ig A serum Levels."

"The aim of this book is to enable the reader to comprehend the relation between cardiovascular pathophysiology and vascular hemodynamics and to become familiar with the more recent guidelines. While very complex physical concepts are involved, care has been taken to ensure that the explanations are as straightforward as possible. Complex analyses are presented separately and can be skipped by the reader without impairment of understanding. It is envisaged that the knowledge imparted will prove invaluable in improving the approach to hypertensive patients."

"Using data from the European Community Household Panel for six European countries (Austria, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) for the period 1995–2001, this article investigates how disability affects workers' absenteeism. The results show that workers with disabilities are absent more often than workers without disabilities. This finding is obtained after controlling for individuals' self-reported health, visits to doctors and nights spent in hospital. The severity of disability is also a relevant factor in higher absenteeism. The total effect of disability on absenteeism amounts to a marginal increase of six to 26 days per year (depending on the country)."

"Tujuan pendidikan dalam Islam adalah meningkatkan kualitas diri agar dapat beribadah kepada Allah SWT dengan lebih baik. Peningkatan kualitas tersebut dicapai dengan meningkatkan kualitas individu dari segala aspek, salah satunya aspek kesehatan dan aspek religius. Sebagai negara dengan mayoritas penduduknya muslim, pendidikan yang dijalankan di Indonesia sudah seharusnya diarahkan agar dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan data IFLS5, penelitian ini berusaha melihat apakah pendidikan di Indonesia sudah mengarah ke peningkatan kualitas aspek kesehatan dan aspek religius. Hal itu dilakukan dengan melihat pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap gaya hidup halal. Gaya hidup halal didefinisikan sebagai cara hidup seseorang yang mengikuti tuntunan Islam, yaitu memenuhi kebutuhan fisik yang sehat dan kebutuhan rohani yang religius. Untuk mengatasi endogenitas dari variabel independen tingkat pendidikan, penelitian ini menggunakan variabel instrumen. Dengan menggunakan metode IV probit, generalized ordered logit, dan IV regression, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif terhadap kebiasaan merokok, melakukan pemeriksaan rutin, frekuensi mendatangi acara keagamaan, penilaian ketaatan diri, dan frekuensi salat dalam sehari.

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The aim of education in Islam is to improve human quality to be able to worship Allah SWT better. This can be achieved by improving the quality of individuals from all aspects, one of which is health and religious aspects. As a country with Muslim population majority, education in Indonesia should include those aspects to achieve the goal. Using IFLS data, this study wants to check whether education in Indonesia has achieved an improvement in the quality of health and religious aspects. This is done by looking at the influence of education level to halal lifestyle. Halal lifestyle is defined as a way of life that is conforming with Islamic guidance, in this case fulfilling healthy physics and religious spiritual needs. To overcome the endogeneity of education level variable, this research uses instrument variables. Using the IV probit method, generalized ordered logit, and IV regression, this study shows that education affect positively for not having smoking habits, conducts routine medical checkup, religious event attendance, subjective religiousity, and frequency of prayer in a day."