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"This paper explores the importance of multicultural approach to be implemented in education system of Indonesia. The writer argues that this approach emphasizes tolerance, mutual respect and awareness toward difference. Optimum implementation of multicultural approach will support such harmonious living within Indonesian pluralistic society."

"Representing the precarious moment in Canada, Ireland, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, the essays in this collection address these questions and both depict and trouble hegemonic multicultural education and contrast it with its supposed successor regimes."

"Pesantren as a social-religious-institution has played a significant role in the dynamic of Indonesia nation. The role of the pesantren is not only concerned with educational and social-religious aspects but also broader, namely social transformation. In developing pluralism awareness in multicultural era, the pesantren has the important role. At the pesantren, there are many values that can be applied to meet the challenge. The existence of the pesantren, nowadays, is closely related to social affairs. Thus, to optimize this role, it is necessary to make a serious, systematic and sustainable effort because not all of the pesantren has the urge to do it."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi identifikasi kelompok gender psda pemeliharaan stereotip melalui reproduksi serial. Reproduksi serial yang ditenggarai dapat melihat pemeliharaan stereotip dengan men-tracking peljalanan informasi dari orang satu ke orang yang lain (Kashima, 2000, Lyons &. Kashima, 2006). Penelitian ini manipulasi informasi-infonnasi yang sesuaikan dengan stereotip dan yang tidak sesuai dengan stereotip (stereotype-consistenJ dan slereotypeinconsten. t). Hasil peneJitian sebelum menyebutkan faktor identifikasi kelompok terkait dengan penggunaan stereotip, yaitu partisipan yang kuat dengan ingroup-nya cenderung memanggil stereotip positif tentang ingroup (Maxwell, !952). Selain itu berdasarkan Hort, Fagot dan Leinbach (1990) laki-laki dipcrsepsikan lebih stereotip dibanding perempuan. Namun pada riset tesis ini hasil menunjukkan perbedaan. Secara umum identifikasi gender memang tidak terbukti dalam pemeliharaan stereotip, tetapi hasil yang signifikao terbukti pada partisipan perempuan. Semakin tinggi identifikasi terhadap kelornpsk gendernya, semakin tinggi pula jumlah pemanggilan infonnasi stereotype-consistent maupun stereotype inconsislent. Sementara laki-laki justru terbalik. Seroakin tinggi identifikasi kelompsk gendemya semakin rendah jumlah pemanggilan informasi stereotypeconsistent maupun stereotype-enconsisteny.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the claim that gender identification difference in levels of stereotype maintenance through serial reproduction. Serial reproduction research showed that stereotype maintenance was transmitted through five-person communication chains (Kashima, 2000; Lyons & Kashima, 2006). In the present experiment, to examine stereotype maintenance~ a narratives of female and male stereotype consistent and stereotype-inconsistent was used as stimu1us. In previous research. gender identification related to stereotype maintenance. In Maxwell's (!952) showed that participants with strong in-group identification recall more positive stereotype. But the result of this research showed not all strength of gender identification was found to moderate stereotype maintenance. Only female participants with strong gender identification related to stereotype gender maintenance. Female participants with strong gender identification was retained male stereotype--consistent information more than male stereotype-inconsistent. This result raises questions concerning culture differences that gender stereotype may be vary in different cultures. "