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""The Role of Business in the Responsibility to Protect closes the gap between research on the Responsibility to Protect and the private sector, as previous research has focused only on state responsibilities and state actors. This book examines in detail the developing research on the significant role that private sector actors can play in promoting peace and stability. Contributors to this volume explore the key arguments for where, why, and how private sector actors can contribute to the prevention and cessation of mass atrocity crimes; and how this can inform and extend the UN policy discussion around Responsibility to Protect. The contributors include lead voices in the Responsibility to Protect discourse as well as central voices in business and peace literature"--"

"This paper aims to analyse the concept of the "responsibility to prptect (R2P)" which was advanced in response to the request of a robust international legal order dealing with a failing or failed state...."

"One of the most worrying global issues facing agricultural interests today is the rapid conversion of productive agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. Indonesia has enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Land Protection Law (Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan / LP2B) as a crucial section of the Spatial Planning Regulations. Furthermore, the law has been ratified by a number of regional regulations. However, there are still misconceptions about LP2B among stakeholders which can magnify the difficulty of implementing the regulation. Using the historical method, this descriptive paper elaborates difficulties in protecting agricultural land due to misconceptions of stakeholders within the case study in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Misconceptions of stakeholders encompass three aspects: (1) land ownership (2) determination process and (3) implementation of LP2B protection. Difficulties did not automatically cease when the regulations had just enacted, instead, they continue into the application stage and become discourses in various cross-institutional forums. Furthermore, this paper synthesizes the author's own conceptions to rectify the misconceptions based on academic references and relevant statutory arguments. Stakeholders referred to in this paper were bureaucrats in agricultural and other institutions related to LP2B including the Regional Development Planning Agency, and the Ministry of Spatial Planning / National Land Agency. They were represented by officials, bureaucrats, or personnel who together with the author attended various coordination meetings, dissemination, workshops, focus group discussions, and similar forums that discussing LP2B and or other related topics in the period of 2014-2019. Policy implications are discussed."

"ABSTRAK Berkembangnya hukum internasional telah merubah prinsip kedaulatan, ia tidak dapat dijadikan alasan bagi suatu pemerintah negara untuk tidak memberikan perlindungan hak asasi manusia kepada penduduknya. Doktrin intervensi humaniter yang ada, masih menimbulkan keresahan di kalangan komunitas masyarakat internasional. Berangkat dari hal tersebut timbulah gagasan doktrin Responsibiliy to Protect R2P untuk memberikan justifikasi baru terhadap intervensi kepada suatu negara yang telah nyata gagal untuk melindungi penduduknya dari 4 empat kejahatan, yakni: genosida, war crimes, crimes against humanity, dan ethnic cleansing. Penelitian ini lantas menganilis mengenai tindakan kejahatan berat yang terjadi pada etnis Rohingya di Myanmar serta kemungkinan ASEAN untuk menerapkan doktrin R2P tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah dimungkinkannya ASEAN untuk menerapkan R2P kepada pemerintah Myanmar, sebab pemerintah Myanmar telah terbukti melakukan dan memenuhi unsur ndash; unsur dari tindakan kejahatan berat genosida dan crimes against humanity yang diatur pada hukum internasional yang merupakan syarat ndash; syarat untuk diadakannya R2P. Pemerintah Myanmar juga dinilai tidak mampu memenuhi tanggung jawabnya untuk melindungi dan menjadi pelaku kejahatan itu sendiri, maka tanggung jawab tersebut dapat berpindah kepada komunitas internasional dalam hal ini ialah ASEAN.ABSTRACT As the international law develops, sovereignty now cannot be deemed as granting impunity for the government to not protect their citizen s human rights. Humanitarian intervention doctrine is still lacks of support from the international community. Departing from that, the Responsibiliy to Protect R2P comes to serve a new justification for a State who is failed to protect its citizen from 4 four violations, such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. This study thus seeks to analyse gross violation that happen to ethnic Rohingya in Myanmar along with possibility of implementing R2P by ASEAN. The method used in this study is normative method study. This study then found the possibility of ASEAN to implement R2P for Myanmar s government, due to its action and fulfilment of the elements of gross violation genocide and crimes against humanity that stipulated in international law as the requirements of R2P implementation. Myanmar s government might be judged for has no capability to comply its responsibility to protect and becomes the perpetrator itself. Subsequently, the responsibility may devolve to international community especially ASEAN for this case."

"ABSTRAKSeiring dengan berkembangnya hukum internasional, prinsip kedaulatan kini tidak lagi dipandang dapat memberikan impunitas kepada pemerintah negara untuk tidak memberikan perlindungan kepada hak asasi manusia penduduknya. Doktrin intervensi humaniter kemudian hadir namun masih banyak meresahkan komunitas internasional sebab hal tersebut dirasa melanggar hukum internasional. Berangkat dari gagasan tersebutlah doktrin responsibility to protect R2P hadir untuk memberikan justifikasi baru bagi komunitas internasional melalui Dewan Keamanan untuk melakukan intervensi kepada suatu negara yang telah nyata gagal melindungi penduduknya dari empat kejahatan, yakni genosida, kejahatan perang, pembersihan etnis, dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Doktrin ini dengan intervensi militernya pada praktiknya telah diterapkan di Libya dan Pantai Gading, namun pada kenyataannya keberhasilan penerapan doktrin R2P tersebut belum kembali terulang pada kasus Suriah. Penelitian ini lantas mencoba untuk menganalisis kemungkinan penerapan doktrin R2P di Suriah berdasarkan kriteria penerapan doktrin R2P pada kasus-kasus terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan data sekunder. Adapun penelitian ini kemudian menemukan bahwa kemungkinan penerapan doktrin R2P dengan intervensi militernya pada kasus perang sipil Suriah adalah sangat kecil oleh karena adanya faktor-faktor di luar kriteria doktrin R2P yang ternyata menjadi faktor penentu penerapan doktrin R2P. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa terlepas dari sulitnya penerapan doktrin R2P oleh Dewan Keamanan pada kasus Suriah dan juga kasus-kasus serupa lainnya di masa yang akan datang, hendaknya negara-negara tidak lantas mengambil tindakan sepihak untuk melaksanakan intervensi militer kepada negara lain namun tetap berpegang teguh untuk selalu mencoba menerapkan doktrin R2P dengan lebih baik lagi.

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ABSTRACTAs the international law develops, sovereignty now cannot be deemed as granting impunity for the government to not protect their citizens rsquo human rights. Humanitarian intervention doctrine then came but still lacks of support from the international community as it is deemed as a violation of international law. Departing from that, the responsibility to protect R2P doctrine came to serve as the new justification for international community through the United Nations Security Council to intervene in countries who manifestly fail to protect their citizens from four specific crimes, namely genocide, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. In practice, R2P doctrine with its military intervention had been implemented in Libya and C te d rsquo Ivoire, but the aforementioned success is still far from being implemented in Syria. This study thus seeks to analyze the possibility of implementing R2P in Syria based on the criteria used in the previous cases. The method used in this study is juridical normative by using secondary data. This study then found that the possibility to implement R2P with its military intervention in Syria is very little for there are other factors that do not fall to the doctrine rsquo s criteria but are determining factors to its implementation. At the end, this study advises that despite the difficulty to implement R2P through the Security Council in Syria, individual countries shall refrain from taking unilateral military intervention to deal with the case at hand and shall rather always try to strengthen the doctrine rsquo s implementation for the better. "