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"This book is intended as a self-contained guide to the entire field of bioinformatics, interpreted as the application of information science to biology. There is a strong underlying belief that information is a profound concept underlying biology, and familiarity with the concepts of information should make it possible to gain many important new insights into biology. In other words, the vision underpinning this book goes beyond the narrow interpretation of bioinformatics sometimes encoun- tered, which may confine itself to specific tasks such as the attempted identification of genes in a DNA sequence."

"Latar belakang: Uji kuantitatif merupakan uji yang penting dalam memonitor penatalaksanaan pasien yang terinfeksi HIV-1 atau yang menderita AIDS. Tahap penting dalam pengembangan uji tersebut adalah tersedianya RNA HIV-1 standar. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini transkripsi RNA HIV-1 dioptimasi untuk menghasilkan RNA HIV-1 standar. Metode: Menggunakan teknik PCR, DNA HIV-1 diamplifi kasi dari pNL43 menggunakan sepasang primer yang spesifi k pada daerah yang dikonservasi dari gen Gag HIV-1. Produk PCR kemudian diklon ke dalam pBluescript II KS . Plasmid rekombinan dipotong menggunakan enzim restriksi EcoRI. Plasmid yang telah dipotong kemudian digunakan sebagai cetakan untuk reaksi transkripsi RNA. Reaksi RT-PCR dan PCR dilakukan secara bersamaan untuk mengkonfi rmasi adanya fragmen RNA yang telah ditranskripsi. Hasil: Fragmen DNA sebesar 115 bp dari daerah gen Gag HIV-1 telah berhasil diklon ke dalam pBluescript II SK dengan orientasi yang benar. Reaksi transkripsi RNA juga berhasil dilakukan. Hasil transkripsi RNA telah dikonfi rmasi dan menunjukkan hasil transkripsi RNA yang benar. Kesimpulan: Dalam studi ini telah berhasil dilakukan konstruksi plasmid rekombinan yang mengandung daerah yang dikonservasi dari gen Gag HIV-1, dan RNA HIV-1 juga berhasil ditranskripsi secara in vitro.

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AbstractBackground: The quantitative assays are important tests in the management of patients with HIV-1/AIDS. The important step in developing the assay is the availability of the standard HIV-1 RNA. For this purpose, we optimized in vitro HIV-1RNA transcription to produce the standard HIV-1 RNA. Methods: The HIV-1 DNA was amplifi ed from pNL43 by PCR using a primer pair that was specifi c for conserved region of HIV-1 Gag gene. The PCR product was further cloned into pBluescript II KS . The recombinant plasmid was restricted with EcoRI enzyme. Then, the linearized plasmid was used as template for RNA transcription. RT-PCR and PCR were performed simultaneously for confi rmation of synthesized RNA fragment. Results: A 115 bp DNA of HIV-1 Gag gene has been cloned into pBluescript II SK with the exact true orientation. The reaction of the RNA transcription was also successfully performed. The RNA transcripts have been confi rmed and showed the accuracy of the transcripts. Conclusion: we successfuly constructed the recombinant plasmid containing a conserved region of HIV-1 Gag gene, and the HIV-1 RNA has been transcribed in vitro as well. "

"This volume covers the most important aspects of biosynthesis, processing, and functions of RNA in trypanosomes, ranging from transcription to RNA editing, mRNA splicing/translation/turnover, processing of transfer and ribosomal RNA, RNA interference, and current transcriptome-wide analyses. Recent progress in RNA-focused research in trypanosomatids promises to yield novel insights into trypanosome-specific features, as well as to reveal in the process new potential therapeutic strategies for combating these parasitic diseases."