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"ABSTRACTMangrove merupakan vegetasi yang hidup di daerah pesisir dan berhubungan langsung dengan keadaan dan kondisi perairan laut. Umumnya, tumbuh di daerah tepi pantai, muara, dan sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sebaran mangrove berdasarkan kondisi fisik perairan dan melihat luasan mangrove, serta mengaitkannya dengan kondisi hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini menggunakan Landsat 8 dengan software ArcMap 10.1 untuk mengindetifikasi sebaran mangrove dan metode yang digunakan adalah Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) untuk melihat kerapatan vegetasi mangrove. Kondisi fisik perairan yang digunakan antara lain: salinitas, suhu permukaan air laut, pH air, substrat tanah, dan pasang surut, sedangkan kondisi hutan mangrove yang diteliti antara lain: kerapatan, ketebalan, dan spesies mangrove. Sehingga dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat mengaitkan kondisi fisik perairan dan kondisi hutan mangrove dengan sebarannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe memiliki suhu permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hutan mangrove di Batukaras dan Nusawiru karena populasi mangrove yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kedua hutan mangrove lainnya, namun hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe dan Nusawiru memiliki pH yang lebih tinggi dengan nilai kisaran antara 6,6-6,9 dibandingkan dengan hutan mangrove Batukaras yang memiliki nilai kisaran antara 6,3-6,6. Hal ini dikarenakan hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe dan hutan mangrove Nusawiru berada di muara yang mengalir menuju Sungai Cijulang dan anak sungai Cialit.

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ABSTRACTMangrove is a vegetation that live in the coastal region and directly related to the circumstances and condition of the waters of the sea. Generally, growing in coastal areas, estuaries, and rivers. This research aims to understand the distribution of mangroves on the basis of the physical condition of waters and view the mangrove area, as well as associated it with the conditions of the mangrove forests. This research uses Landsat 8 with ArcMap software 10.1 for mangrove and distribution mengindetifikasi method used is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to see mangrove vegetation density. The physical condition of waters which are used, among others: salinity, surface temperature of sea water, the pH of the water, the soil substrate, and ups and downs, while the condition of the mangrove forests that are examined include: density, thickness, and mangrove species. This study can relate the physical condition of the waters and the condition of the mangrove forest to its distribution. The results of this study indicate that Bojongsalawe mangrove forest has a higher surface temperature compared to mangrove forests in Batukaras and Nusawiru because the mangrove population is less than the other two mangrove forests, but the mangrove forests of Bojongsalawe and Nusawiru have a higher pH with a range between 6,6-6,9 compared to Batukaras mangrove forest which has a range between 6.3-6.6. This is because the mangrove forests of Bojongsalawe and Nusawiru mangrove forests are in the estuary which flows towards the Cijulang River and the Cialit tributary."

"Wilayah Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa Barat terletak di zona subduksi antara dua lempeng yang menyebabkan rawan terhadap bencana tsunami. Wilayah Pantai Pangandaran pernah mengalami gempa bumi besar pada 17 Juli 2006 silam yang menyebabkan tsunami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kerentanan desa-desa pesisir Kecamatan Parigi terhadap tsunami berdasarkan kepadatan penduduk, penduduk rentan, dan kelompok umur rentan dan menganalisis efektivitas jalur evakuasi tsunami di desa-desa pesisir Kecamatan Parigi berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat. Metode analisis weighted overlay digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana tsunami. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menilai efektivitas jalur evakuasi tsunami berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat setempat. Desa dengan tingkat kerentanan sosial terendah adalah Desa Cibenda dengan nilai 279,1. Desa dengan tingkat kerentanan sosial tertinggi adalah Desa Parigi dengan nilai 966,0. Jalur evakuasi di Desa Cibenda yang paling efektif adalah jalur 4, Desa Ciliang adalah jalur 7, dan Desa Karangjaladri adalah jalur 10 dan 12 berdasarkan pendapat masyarakat setempat.

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Pangandaran coast region, West Java located in subduction zone between two plates which makes it prone to tsunami disaster. On 17th July 2006, Pangandaran coast region experienced an earthquake that led to tsunami. The purpose of this research is to analyze social vulnerability of villages in Parigi subdistrict coast and the effectiveness of tsunami evacuation route. Overlay analysis method is used to determine the value of social vulnerability. Descriptive analysis is used to determine the effectiveness of tsunami evacuation route. Cibenda village has the lowest social vulnerability value with 279.1. Parigi village highest social vulnerability value with 966.0. The most effective evacuation route in Cibenda village is evacuation route number 4, while in Ciliang village is evacuation route number 7, and in Karangjaladri village is evacuation route number 10 and 12."

"Hutan mangrove Blanakan memiliki daya tarik wisata seperti memiliki jenis mangrove dan fauna yang beranekaragam, tempat pelelangan ikan terpadu, penangkaran buaya, upacara Nadran dan Sisingaan. Berdasarkan data kunjungan wisatawan, jumlah wisatawan dari tahun ketahun mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata seperti membatasi jumlah maksimal pengunjung yang datang perlu diperhitungkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi kawasan ekowisata berdasarkan aspek biofisik, sosial, dan ekonomi; daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata; dan membuat strategi pengembangan ekowisata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mix method. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi biofisik ini ditinjau dari jenis-jenis mangrove yang didominasi oleh Avicennia marina, indeks keanekaragaman fauna mangrove masuk dalam kategori sedang, indeks vegetasi kerapatan mangrove lebat, kondisi amenitas yang masih harus diperbaiki, serta aksesibilitas yang kurang memadai dan perlu diperbaiki. Keberadaan kawasan ekowisata mangrove Blanakan menciptakan lapangan kerja baru untuk masyarakat Blanakan. Masyarakat banyak yang menggantungkan hidupnya di kawasan ekowisata ini dengan berperan sebagai penyedia jasa wisata, keamanan, kebersihan, penyelenggara budaya, dan penanaman mangrove. Indeks kepuasan pengunjung dalam kategori kurang puas. Berdasarkan analisis daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata, jumlah pengunjung yang datang belum melampaui batas daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata. Strategi pengembangan ekowisata adalah membuat program-program wisata, melibatkan masyarakat setempat di lokasi wisata, membuat dan memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana, memperbaiki aksesibilitas, mengadakan pembinaan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat di bidang ekowisata, membuat tata tertib wisata.

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Blanakan mangrove forest has good tourist attractions such as having various types of mangroves and fauna, integrated fish auction sites, crocodile breeding, Nadran and Sisingaan ceremonies. Based on tourist visits data, the number of tourists from year to year has increased. This is feared to cause environmental damage. Therefore, to avoid further damage, efforts on limiting the physical carrying of tourist areas. This study aims to analyze the condition of the ecotourism area based on biophysical, social and economic aspects; physical carrying capacity of tourist areas and make a strategy for developing ecotourism. The method of the research is quantitative and qualitative methods. The result showed that the types of mangrove dominated by Avicennia marina, the index of mangrove fauna diversity was in the moderate category, vegetation induction of dense mangrove density, the facilities and infrastructures still had to be repaired, and inadequate accessibility and needed repairs. The existence of the Blanakan mangrove ecotourism area creates new jobs for the Blanakan community. Many people depend their lives on this ecotourism area by acting as a provider of tourism services, security, cleanliness, cultural organizers, and planting of mangroves. The visitor satisfaction index in the category was less satisfied. Based on the analysis of the physical carrying capacity of the tourist area, the number of visitors who come has not exceeded the physical carrying capacity of the tourist area. The strategy are make tourism programs, involve the local community in tourist sites, create and improve facilities and infrastructure, improve accessibility, provide guidance and training to the community in the field of ecotourism, make tourism rules."

"Kabupaten Ciamis merupakan daerah yang rawan bencana tsunami, BPBD Provinsi Jawa Barat dan BPBD Kabupaten Ciamis menyelenggarakan fasilitasi desa tangguh bencana di Desa Pangandaran dan Desa Panajung. Penelitian ini menganalisis lima aspek dari Twigg (2007) mengenai masyarakat tangguh bencana, yaitu: pemerintah, asesmen resiko, pendidikan dan pengetahuan, manajemen resiko dan pengurangan kerentanan, serta kesiapsiagaan dan respon bencana. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima aspek tersebut tidak sepenuhnya terlaksana karena adanya kesenjangan antara dokumen-dokumen perencanaan dan kebijakan desa. Selain itu, FKDM bentukan dari hasil fasilitasi tersebut intensitas kegiatannya semakin berkurang, sehingga upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam mengurangi resiko bencana tidak dapat terlaksana.

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Ciamis regency belongs to the riskiest tsunamy area so that BPBD of West Java and Ciamis organize to facilitate disaster resilient villages in Pangandaran and Pananjung. This research is trying to analyze Twigg's (2007) five aspects of disaster resilient community i.e., governance, risk assessment, knowledge and education, risk management and vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response. The research found that not all of the five aspect implement due to the gap between document planning and local government policy. Additionally, the activity of FKDM which was formed through facilitating process is decreasing so that the community empowering can not be accomplished."

"Kabupaten Ciamis merupakan daerah yang rawan bencana tsunami, BPBDProvinsi Jawa Barat dan BPBD Kabupaten Ciamis menyelenggarakan fasilitasidesa tangguh bencana di Desa Pangandaran dan Desa Panajung. Penelitian inimenganalisis lima aspek dari Twigg (2007) mengenai masyarakat tangguhbencana, yaitu: pemerintah, asesmen resiko, pendidikan dan pengetahuan,manajemen resiko dan pengurangan kerentanan, serta kesiapsiagaan dan responbencana. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima aspek tersebut tidaksepenuhnya terlaksana karena adanya kesenjangan antara dokumen-dokumenperencanaan dan kebijakan desa. Selain itu, FKDM bentukan dari hasil fasilitasitersebut intensitas kegiatannya semakin berkurang, sehingga upaya pemberdayaanmasyarakat dalam mengurangi resiko bencana tidak dapat terlaksana.

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Ciamis regency belongs to the riskiest tsunamy area so that BPBD of West Java

and Ciamis organize to facilitate disaster resilient villages in Pangandaran and

Pananjung. This research is trying to analyze Twigg's (2007) five aspects of

disaster resilient community i.e., governance, risk assessment, knowledge and

education, risk management and vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and

response. The research found that not all of the five aspect implement due to the

gap between document planning and local government policy. Additionally, the

activity of FKDM which was formed through facilitating process is decreasing so

that the community empowering can not be accomplished."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik hutan mangrove dan pola distribusinya di wilayah pesisir Brebes pada tahun 2013-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah indeks vegetasi dan Random Forest. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan luas yang signifikan selama periode penelitian dan hutan mangrove di wilayah pesisir Brebes memiliki persebaran yang luas, serta tingkat kerapatan yang cukup tinggi. Meskipun telah mengalami kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh bencana banjir Rob di tahun 2014 dan dampak dari aktivitas manusia, seperti pengalih fungsi lahan serta penebangan ilegal, hutan mangrove di lokasi penelitian terus berkembang karena adanya program rehabilitasi mangrove yang dilakukan oleh komunitas setempat dalam menjaga keasrian hutan mangrove di wilayah pesisir Brebes.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of mangrove forests and their distribution pattern at the Coast of Brebes in 2013-2022. The method used in this study are the Vegetation Index and Random Forest. The results indicate that there were significant changes in area during the study period and the mangrove forests in the coastal area of Brebes have a wide distribution, and a fairly high level of density. Despite the damage caused by the 2014 tidal flood disaster and the impact of human activities, such as land conversion and illegal logging, the mangrove forests in the study area continue to grow due to the mangrove rehabilitation program carried out by the local community in maintaining the beauty of the mangrove forests in Brebes coastal area."

"ABSTRAK Ekosistem perairan dan daratan di sepanjang jalur pantai utara Pulau Jawa membentuk ekosistem mangrove menjadi ekosistem yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang saling berinteraksi, salah satunya di Desa Pantai Bahagia yang berada di Kecamatan Muara Gembong Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Pada kenyataannya, dari tahun 1999 hingga 2014, hutan mangrove di desa ini terus mengalami degradasi karena faktor antropogenik, yakni konversi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak oleh masyarakat pesisir yang menyebabkan penggerusan pantai terus terjadi di kawasan ini, karena tidak adanya penghalang ombak, sehingga intrusi air laut menjadi tinggi dan terjadi banjir rob yang menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi warga yang sebagian besar memiliki mata pencarian sebagai petani tambak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mangrove di Desa Pantai Bahagia dikategorikan rusak parah dan kondisi biodiversitas yang rendah, sehingga urgensi untuk melakukan rehabilitasi tergolong tinggi. Hingga tahun 2018 sudah mulai muncul partisipasi masyarakat dalam merehabilitasi hutan mangrove, namun masih tergolong rendah dan belum dapat menandingi laju kerusakannya. Karenanya, dilakukan studi pada 30 masyarakat Desa Pantai Bahagia yang memiliki kepedulian dan tingkat partisipasi mengelola mangrove yang tinggi untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat secara keseluruhan, serta menyusun strategi peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam merehabilitasi mangrove Desa Pantai Bahagia.

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ABSTRACT Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems along the northern coastline of Java Island form a mangrove ecosystem into an ecosystem rich in interacting biodiversity, one of which is in Pantai Bahagia Village in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency, West Java. In fact, from 1999 to 2014, mangrove forests in this village continued to experience degradation due to anthropogenic factors, namely the conversion of mangrove land into ponds by coastal communities which caused coastal erosion to continue to occur in this region, due to the absence of wave barriers, so that seawater intrusion became high and there was a tidal flood which caused huge losses for residents who mostly had livelihoods as pond farmers. The results of this study indicate that the mangrove conditions in Pantai Bahagia Village are categorized as severely damaged and have low biodiversity conditions, so the urgency to carry out rehabilitation is classified as high. Until 2018 community participation has begun to emerge in rehabilitating mangrove forests, but is still relatively low and has not been able to match the rate of damage. Therefore, a study was conducted on 30 Pantai Bahagia villagers who have a high level of care and participation in managing mangroves to analyze factors that can increase overall community participation, and develop strategies to increase community participation in rehabilitating mangrove Pantai Bahagia Village.

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"Mangrove forest is coastal vegetation which influenced by sea water and river flow tide. Beside as a habitat for various sea biota and natural food resources for various fish, mangrove forest also has important function to protect coastline ecosystem.A Two kind of research have been done; first, silvofishery aspect and status and conservation mangrove forest in Muara Gembong Bekasi West JavaThe first research for studying variously silvofishery ecology aspect. Result of research shows litter production around 3,0-4,8 ton/ha/year; velocity litter decomposition 55 - 77 %; temperature 30,2 - 30,9 °C; salinity 21,7 - 27,5; brightness 0,48 - 99,5 m; pH 7,9 - 8.1; oxygen 4,5 - 5,4 mgll; BOD 1.9 - 2,9 mg/l; COD 139,1 - 272,6 mgll; Nitrat-N 0,140 - 0.274 mgll: Ortho-P040 0,034 -0.062 mgll. Fitoplankton analysis got result there was 4 family 17 spesies and for zooplankton had 2 family with 6 spesies. The second research have been done for knowing about the total mangrove plant which grew there and for giving ecology characteristics. The research shows that in research area had 14 species from 9 family. Vegetation in this area is dominated by Rhizophora, Avicenia, Exoecria, Sonneratia, Bruguiera, Achantus, Acrostichum, Aegiceros, Wedelia, Nypa.The conclusion of two researches shows mangrove forest in Muara Gembong Bekasi West Java is unique estuarine ecosystem type with mangrove and in this area had a good potential to be developed as brackiswater area through silvofishery. According to potential area and considering need projection, management of mangrove forest area have to be developed with government support. Because we face a problem with brackwiswater farmer who always try to enlarge their brackiswater area through cut down the mangrove plant"

"Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang memiliki peran dalam memperkaya kondisi perairan dan melindungi garis pantai dari abrasi dan akresi. Teluk Lembar di Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang terus berkembang menjadi pusat pelabuhan di Pulau Lombok menyebabkan perubahan garis pantai dan penggunaan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial temporal hutan mangrove dan menganalisis hubungan penggunaan tanah dan garis pantai terhadap distribusi spasial temporal hutan mangrove di Teluk Lembar pada tahun 1995-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra Landsat 5, 7, dan 8 dengan dibagi menjadi tiga periode yaitu periode 1995 dan 2005, periode 2005 dan 2015, dan periode 2015 dan 2019. Metode penelitian dengan menghitung luas dan perubahan pada hutan mangrove, garis pantai, dan penggunaan tanah. Kemudian dihubungkan luas perubahan hutan mangrove dengan luas abrasi dan akresi pada perubahan garis pantai di wilayah penelitian. Luas hutan mangrove mengalami penambahan luas dari tiap tahun pengamatan. Perubahan garis pantai yang dominan terjadi pada tahun 1995-2019 adalah akresi. Perubahan penggunaan tanah mangrove yang mengalami perubahan pada tahun 1995-2019 didominasi oleh perubahan badan air menjadi mangrove dan mangrove menjadi badan air. Berdasarkan perhitungan analisis hubungan perubahan luas mangrove terhadap luas abrasi dan akresi di wilayah penelitian, peningkatan luas mangrove memiliki hubungan terhadap luas akresi sebesar 98,81%, sedangkan penurunan luas mangrove terhadap luas abrasi sebesar 21,60%. Secara spasial penurunan dan penambahan luas mangrove berbanding lurus dengan perubahan luas abrasi dan akresi.

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Mangrove forest is ecosystems that have a role in enriching aquatic conditions and protecting coastlines from abrasion and accretion. Teluk Lembar in West Lombok Regency which continues to develop into a port center on Lombok Island has caused changes in coastline and landuse. This study deals with the relations of extensive mangrove forest changes to coastline changes and landuse changes in Teluk Lembar for a period of 1995 to 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal spatial distribution of mangrove forest and analyze the relations between land use and coastline to spatial distribution temporarily mangrove forest in Teluk Lembar in the period 1995-2019. The research used Landsat 5, 7, dan 8 images which were 1995 and 2005, 2005 and 2015, and the last period was 2015 and 2019. The data were processed by calculating the area and changes in mangrove forest, coastline, and landuse. Then the extensive changes in mangrove forest are associated with extensive abrasion and accretion on coastline changes in the study area. The area of mangrove forest has increased from each year of observation. The dominant change in coastline that occurred in 1995-2019 was accretion. Changes in the use of mangrove land that underwent changes in 1995-2019 were dominated by changes in water bodies into mangroves and mangroves to become water bodies. Based on the calculation of the analysis of the relations of mangrove changes to the extent of abrasion and accretion, the increase in mangroves has a relation to accretion of 98,81%, while the decrease in mangroves to abrasion is 21,60%. Spatially, the decrease and addition of mangrove are directly proportional to the broad changes in abrasion and accretion"

"Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang memiliki peran dalam memperkaya kondisi perairan dan melindungi garis pantai dari abrasi dan akresi. Teluk Lembar di Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang terus berkembang menjadi pusat pelabuhan di Pulau Lombok menyebabkan perubahan garis pantai dan penggunaan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial temporal hutan mangrove dan menganalisis hubungan penggunaan tanah dan garis pantai terhadap distribusi spasial temporal hutan mangrove di Teluk Lembar pada tahun 1995-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra Landsat 5, 7, dan 8 dengan dibagi menjadi tiga periode yaitu periode 1995 dan 2005, periode 2005 dan 2015, dan periode 2015 dan 2019. Metode penelitian dengan menghitung luas dan perubahan pada hutan mangrove, garis pantai, dan penggunaan tanah. Kemudian dihubungkan luas perubahan hutan mangrove dengan luas abrasi dan akresi pada perubahan garis pantai di wilayah penelitian. Luas hutan mangrove mengalami penambahan luas dari tiap tahun pengamatan. Perubahan garis pantai yang dominan terjadi pada tahun 1995-2019 adalah akresi. Perubahan penggunaan tanah mangrove yang mengalami perubahan pada tahun 1995-2019 didominasi oleh perubahan badan air menjadi mangrove dan mangrove menjadi badan air. Berdasarkan perhitungan analisis hubungan perubahan luas mangrove terhadap luas abrasi dan akresi di wilayah penelitian, peningkatan luas mangrove memiliki hubungan terhadap luas akresi sebesar 98,81%, sedangkan penurunan luas mangrove terhadap luas abrasi sebesar 21,60%. Secara spasial penurunan dan penambahan luas mangrove berbanding lurus dengan perubahan luas abrasi dan akresi.

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Mangrove forest is ecosystems that have a role in enriching aquatic conditions and protecting coastlines from abrasion and accretion. Teluk Lembar in West Lombok Regency which continues to develop into a port center on Lombok Island has caused changes in coastline and landuse. This study deals with the relations of extensive mangrove forest changes to coastline changes and landuse changes in Teluk Lembar for a period of 1995 to 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal spatial distribution of mangrove forest and analyze the relations between land use and coastline to spatial distribution temporarily mangrove forest in Teluk Lembar in the period 1995-2019. The research used Landsat 5, 7, dan 8 images which were 1995 and 2005, 2005 and 2015, and the last period was 2015 and 2019. The data were processed by calculating the area and changes in mangrove forest, coastline, and landuse. Then the extensive changes in mangrove forest are associated with extensive abrasion and accretion on coastline changes in the study area. The area of mangrove forest has increased from each year of observation. The dominant change in coastline that occurred in 1995-2019 was accretion. Changes in the use of mangrove land that underwent changes in 1995-2019 were dominated by changes in water bodies into mangroves and mangroves to become water bodies. Based on the calculation of the analysis of the relations of mangrove changes to the extent of abrasion and accretion, the increase in mangroves has a relation to accretion of 98,81%, while the decrease in mangroves to abrasion is 21,60%. Spatially, the decrease and addition of mangrove are directly proportional to the broad changes in abrasion and accretion."