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""With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside the courts, and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak, and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside of courts and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world, but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"

""With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside the courts, and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak, and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"With contributions from leading scholars in constitutional law, this volume examines how carefully designed and limited doctrines of proportionality can improve judicial decision-making, how it is applied in different jurisdictions, its role on constitutionalism outside of courts and whether the principle of proportionality actually advances or detracts from democracy. Contributions from some of the seminal thinkers on the development of scholarship on proportionality (e.g. Alexy, Barak and Beatty) extend their prior work and engage in an important dialogue on the topic. Some offer substantial critiques, others defend the doctrine and offer important clarifications and extensions of their prior work. Throughout, the authors engage not only with case law from around the world, but also with existing scholarly treatments of the subject. Mathematical treatments are avoided, making the book accessible to readers from both 'soft' and hard' social science backgrounds"--"

"This article is an examination of the implementation of the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a Multilateral Environmental Agreement(MEA) in Indonesia. It identifies domestic challenges of the Convention in Indonesia?sdecentralisation. The implementation of decentralisation policy in 2001 worsens theinherent problems faced by the Convention in Indonesia?s legal system. As a MEA,the Convention contains only general rules for the state parties and no specific legalobligation to reduce emission. The Convention also has legitimacy problems. TheIndonesia?s method to transform treaties into domestic legal system is still problematic.These two challenges are worsened by the implementation of decentralisation policy.The national government faces difficulties to drive lower government units to adhereto the Convention rules because they have new authorities that can constraint effortto achieve the goal of the Convention.Artikel ini adalah eksaminasi terhadap implementasi Konvensi Perubahan Iklim(UNFCCC) yang merupakan satu bentuk perjanjian multilateral di bidang lingkungan(MEA). Artikel ini mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh UNFCCC dalamkonteks desentralisasi di Indonesia. Kebijakan desentralisasi telah memperburukmasalah yang selama ini telah dihadapi oleh UNFCCC di Indonesia. Sebagai salahsatu MEA, UNFCCC hanya mengandung aturan umum untuk negara-negara anggotadan tidak mempunyai kewajiban hukum khusus untuk mengurangi emisi. Tanpakewajiban khusus, negara-negara anggota, terutama negara berkembang, belumterikat atas target level emisi tertentu. Selain itu, UNFCCC mempunyai masalahlegitimasi di Indonesia yang berhubungan dengan metode transformasi perjanjianinternasional ke dalam hukum nasional. Masalah legitimasi membuat UNFCCCmenjadi sulit untuk mengikat entitas di dalam negeri. Dalam konteks desentralisasi,kedua masalah tersebut memberikan kesulitan bagi pemerintah pusat dalammengarahkan pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan upaya untuk mencapaitujuan UNFCCC. Desentralisasi memberikan kewenangan pemerintah daerah untukmembuat kebijakan yang dapat bertentangan dengan UNFCCC."

"Perjanjian kemitraan merupakan pedoman bagi para pihak dalam melaksanakan suatu hubungan kemitraan yang berisi hak dan kewajiban para pihak. Dalam suatu hubungan kemitraan yang baik diperlukan diterapkannya suatu asas proporsionalitas agar tercipta bentuk hubungan kemitraan yang berlandaskan prinsip saling memerlukan, menguntungkan, dan memperkuat. Namun dalam perjanjian kemitraan GO-RIDE, PT GO-JEK Indonesia dan PT. Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa selaku perusahaan penyedia aplikasi dianggap merugikan mitra driver. Perjanjian kemitraan yang dibuat secara sepihak oleh perusahaan tersebut dianggap berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan hak dan kewajiban yang tidak mencerminkan keadilan dan asas proporsionalitas yang seharusnya diterapkan dalam perjanjian kemitraan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan tipe penelitian yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asas proporsionalitas yang seharusnya diterapkan dalam perjanjian kemitraan GO-RIDE masih belum diterapkan dengan baik dalam tahap pra-kontraktual, pembentukan, isi, dan pelaksanaan kontrak.

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Partnership agreement as the guideline for the parties in executing partnership project contains the rights and obligation of each party. In an ideal partnership agreement, it is very necessary to apply the principle of proportionality in order to create a form of partnership which is based on the mutual need, benefits of each party to create a win-win partnership. But in GO-RIDE partnership agreement, PT GO-JEK Indonesia and PT. Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa as the application provider company is considered to be detrimental to GO-RIDE driver. The partnership agreement which is made by the company is considered to have impact on the imbalance of rights and obligations that do not reflect justice and the principle of proportionality that should be applied in the partnership agreement. The research method used is library research with juridical-normative research type. The results of the study indicate that the principle of proportionality that should be applied in the GO-RIDE partnership agreement is still not well implemented in the pre-contractual, formation, content and implementation stages of the contract."

"A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism is the first text to study the entirety of American constitutionalism, not just the traces that appear in Supreme Court decisions. Mark A. Graber both explores and offers original answers to such central questions as: What is a Constitution,? What are fundamental constitutional purposes? How are constitutions interpreted? How is constitutional authority allocated? How to constitutions change? How is the Constitution of the United States influenced by international and comparative law? and, most important, How does the Constitution work? Relying on an historical/institutional perspective, the book illustrates how American constitutionalism is a distinct form of politics, rather than a means from separating politics from law."