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"This work offers an innovative critical approach to international public relations theory and practice. It presents the cultural-economic model of international public relations practice, a model that describes and explains public relations techniques and practices in a variety of regulatory, political and cultural climates"

"This paper discusses the intricate relation between culture and identity in a web of large ower structure of politics and the market by looking at the ways in which the Indonesian Chinese attach themselves to a lical performing arts tradition. The paper focuses on the history of the wayang orang amateur club called Ang Hien Hoo in Malang, East Java, which emerged from a Chinese diaspora burial assocation, to attract national limelight in the 1950s and 1960s. In this paper, in see the amateur club as a site, not only for cultural assimilation, but also as a meeting space for the diverse migrant Chinese population residing at a host country. The space is user to negitiate their positiaon as citizens responsible to promote and to become patrons of local raditional performing arts. The paper examines how this amateur club ws swept by the cold war politcs and national political turnmol of 1965, and how if fought to survive under the pressures of the global capitalist era. What emerges from the findings is the contradictory fact that the identification of the chinese with the Javanes tradtional performing arts us afirmed precisely as it is marked by Chineseness. Thus, despite the cultural is affirmed precisely as it is marked by Chineseness. Thus, despite the cultural blending, the Chinese Indonesian's patronage of local traditionl art continuously resproduces the double bind of aking home in the culture not seen as their own."

"Disertasi ini merupakan sebuah studi mengenai representasi relasi kekuasaan yang bertitik tolak dari telaah tata ruang publik kota dalam membentuk identitas sebuah kota. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif eksplanatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian semiotika sosial. Dengan mengacu pada konsep Representasi dari Stuart Hall dan Episteme dari Foucault, secara umum dapat disimpulkan dua hal penting dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, Alun-alun Kota Tuban adalah sebuah representasi identitas Kota Tuban sebagai kota yang religius dan multikultural. Kedua, perubahan bentuk arsitektur serta lokasi bangunan menandakan bergesernya rezim kepenguasaan yang terjadi dalam konteks wilayah Alun-alun Kota Tuban Kontemporer. Transformasi episteme berupa relasi kuasa tergambar jelas pada kompleks Alun-alun Kota Tuban kontemporer yang menunjukkan dominasi kontrol yang dimiliki oleh diskursus-diskursus tertentu yang dalam konteks penelitian ini berwujud diskursus Islam, Globalisasi, Kapitalisme dan Postkolonialisme, dengan ideologi dominan yang muncul adalah kapitalisme dan postkolonialisme.Implikasi teoritis penelitian ini menunjukkan, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan pilihan identitas Kota Tuban, Hall tidak menjelaskan bahwa sebetulnya faktor ekonomi pun berperan terhadap konstruksi akan identitas sekaligus pilihan identitas pada suatu kota baik langsung atau tidak langsung, sama seperti Theodore Adorno yang tidak menyinggung faktor komodifikasi dapat berperan terhadap konstruksi akan identitas. Selain itu, ketika budaya menjadi basis dalam perekonomian kota, maka dalam perekonomian simbolis terjadi reduksi dalam pemaknaan budaya. Budaya yang didefinisikan sebagai shared of meaning dibatasi maknanya sebagai semua image dan simbol yang marketable yang mampu untuk mendorong konsumsi.

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This dissertation explores how power relations represented in urban planning of public spaces form the identity of a city. This is a qualitative research study using an explanatory social semiotics method. With reference to the concept of representation by Stuart Hall and Foucault's perspectives on episteme, there are two important things can be concluded from this study. First, Alun-alun Kota Tuban (Tuban's City Square) is a representation of the city's religious and multicultural identities. Second, the changes on architectural landscapes and building sites signify the shift of the regime that has take a place within the context of Contemporary Tuban's City Square. The transformation of power relations episteme is clearly illustrated in the Tuban's Contemporary City Square complex which shows the dominance of control possessed by certain discourses such as Islamic Globalization, Capitalism and Post colonialism discourses, whereas the dominant ideologies that emerge in those discourses are capitalism and post colonialism.

The theoretical implication of this study suggests that, particularly in relation to the selected Tuban's identity, Stuart Hall and Theodore Adorno did not explain that in fact, economic factors also contribute to the construction of identity. In other words, in order to understand the way in which the city's identity is formed we should consider commoditization as a contributing factor to the construction of identity. Furthermore, when culture becomes merely a part of the city's economy or a form of symbolic economy, it reduces the profound meaning of culture making. Culture, which is defined as shared of meaning, has limited meaning as all images and marketable symbols that support people's mode of consumption."