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"Abstract:AnnotationIf the financial crisis has taught us anything, it is that Americans save too little, spend too much, and borrow excessively. What can we learn from East Asian and European countries that have fostered enduring cultures of thrift over the past two centuries? "Beyond Our Means" tells for the first time how other nations aggressively encouraged their citizens to save by means of special savings institutions and savings campaigns. The U.S. government, meanwhile, promoted mass consumption and reliance on credit, culminating in the global financial meltdown. Many economists believe people save according to universally rational calculations, saving the most in their middle years as they plan for retirement, and saving the least in welfare states. In reality, Europeans save at high rates despite generous welfare programs and aging populations. Americans save little, despite weaker social safety nets and a younger population. Tracing the development of such behaviors across three continents from the nineteenth century to today, this book highlights the role of institutions and moral suasion in shaping habits of saving and spending. It shows how the encouragement of thrift was not a relic of indigenous traditions but a modern movement to confront rising consumption. Around the world, messages to save and spend wisely confronted citizens everywhere--in schools, magazines, and novels. At the same time, in America, businesses and government normalized practices of living beyond one's means. Transnational history at its most compelling, "Beyond Our Means" reveals why some nations save so much and others so little."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dinamika perilaku bank di Indonesia dan menganalisanya dalam konteks peningkatan modal yang disebabkan oleh implementasi Basel III. Dengan melihat data bank-bank umum konvensional pada periode 2003-2012, perilaku bank dalam menentukan modal, suku bunga kredit, dan kredit bisa dilihat secara simultan. Hasil estimasi dengan metode System GMM menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga kredit di Indonesia akan meningkat sebesar 1,01 basis point dan pertumbuhan kredit akan menurun sebesar 0.00021549 dalam jangka panjang, jika modal meningkat sebesar 1 percentage point akibat Basel III.

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ABSTRAK

This study is intended to look at the dynamics of bank behavior in Indonesia and analyze it in the context of capital increase caused by the implementation of Basel III. By looking at the data of commercial banks in the period 2003 2012, bank behavior in choosing capital, lending rates, and credit can be seen simultaneously. The estimation result using GMM System method shows that the lending rates in Indonesia will increase by 1.01 basis points and loan growth will decrease by 0.00021549 in the long term, if the capital increase by 1 percentage point due to Basel III."

"ABSTRAKMenabung memiliki dampak positif bagi individu dan juga perkembangan ekonomi negara, akan tetapi tingkat menabung di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh literasi keuangan dan variabel psikologi, self-control terhadap intensi menabung. Responden berjumlah (n=434) responden dengan karakteristik karyawan dewasa muda dalam rentang umur 20-40 tahun, yang diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Literasi keuangan diukur menggunakan alat ukur Tes Pengetahuan Keuangan (TPK) yang telah dikembangkan oleh tim peneliti, Sjabadhyni et al.(2016) berdasarkan teori Lusardi & Mitchell (2014), self-control diukur menggunakan Self-Control Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Tangney, Baumeister dan Boone (2004), dan Intensi menabung diukur menggunakan alat ukur yang telah diadaptasi dari Ladhari dan Michaud (2015). Analisis statistik multiple regression, menunjukan bahwa hipotesis null penelitian ditolak (F(434)=11.023, p < .01), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh signifikan literasi keuangan dan self-control terhadap intensi menabung secara bersama-sama. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merancang intervensi bagi karyawan dewasa muda agar lebih mampu mengendalikan diri sehingga perilaku menabung mereka meningkat.

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ABSTRAKThe act of saving gives advantages for individual savers as well as the nation's economy; however, the level of saving in Indonesia is still relatively inferior. As the authority who supervise and control the financial services activity, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), approaches the savers to elevate the financial literacy. This study aims to look at the effect of financial literacy and a psychological variable, self-control, toward the intention of saving in young adult employees. The results of this study are expected to be able to inform the impacts of each variable toward the intention of saving. The financial literacy was measured using an assessment tool, which had been previously developed by the researcher and underpinned by the theory of Lusardi& Mitchell (2014). Self-control was measured using Self-Control Scale, which had been developedby Tangey, Baumeister, and Boone (2004).Lastly, we gauge the intention of saving with a scale that was adapted from Ladhari and Micahud (2015). The respondents of the study are (n=434) employed young adults. There is significant evidence to reject the null hypothesis (F(434)=11.023, p < .01), which can conclude that the effect of both financial literacy and self-control on the intention of saving is significant. The results also have shown that self-control has a stronger impact than financial literacy. These results are hoped to be useful in planning interventions to the employed young adults so that they would understand personal financial management better; that is by saving."

"Literasi keuangan telah diketahui mampu memengaruhi intensi menabung, selain itu terdapat faktor lain yang terbukti dapat mempengaruhi intensi menabung yaitu optimisme, dan diduga efek kedua faktor tersebut akan berbeda jika diteliti secara bersamaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi keuangan dan optimisme secara bersamaan terhadap intensi menabung pada karyawan dewasa muda. Pengukuran intensi menabung dikembangkan oleh peneliti dari alat ukur intensi Ladhari dan Michaud (2015). Literasi keuangan diukur dengan instrumen Test Pengetahuan Keuangan (TPK) yang dikambagan oleh Sjabadhyni et al., (2016). Sedangkan optimisme diukur dengan alat ukur LOT-R (Life Orientation Test - Revised) yang dikembangkan oleh Scheier, Carver dan Bridges (1994). Hasil penelitian menjukan bahwa literasi keuangan dan optimisme berpengaruh secara bersamaan terhadap intensi menabung, sehingga Ho ditolak F(434) = 7.646, p < 0.01, (R2 = 0.034). Artinya semakin tinggi nilai literasi keuangan dan optimisme seserorang, semakin tinggi intensi menabungnya. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah karyawan dewasa muda dapat meningkatkan intensinya untuk menabung, salah satu caranya dengan meningkatkan literasi keuangan dan optimisme.

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Financial literacy has known for its ability to effect on someone?s saving intention, besides there is another factor that has been proved by its ability to effect someone?s saving intention which is optimism, and it assumed the effects on both factors could be different if we investigated them together. The purpose of this study is to know the effects of financial literacy and optimism simultaneously towards saving intention among young adult employees. The measurement of saving intention was done in ordinal scale developed by Ladhari & Michaud (2015). Financial Literacy was measured with Test Pengetahuan Keuangan (TPK) developed by Sjabadhyni et al., (2016). Optimism was measured with LOT-R (Life Orientation Test - Revised) developed by Scheier, Carver dan Bridges (1994).

The result showed that financial literacy and optimism is significant in effecting saving intention, so Ho is rejected F (434) = 7.646, p < 0.01, (R2 = 0.034). That means the higher someone?s financial literacy and optimism, the higher their saving intention. The implication of this study is so that young adult employees could improve their intention to save their money, by increasing their financial literacy and optimism."