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Hasil Pencarian

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Citra Dewi
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Sekitar 6-7% kehamilan disertai trauma, yang berkontribusi menyebabkan kematian maternal hingga 46%, namun jarang dibicarakan karena bersifat non-obstetrik. Komplikasi maternal meliputi ketuban pecah, solusio plasenta, cedera organ intraabdomen, perdarahan, terminasi seksio sesarea, bahkan kematian. Morbiditas dan mortalitas janin bahkan dapat terjadi tanpa cedera signifikan pada ibu. Hingga saat ini, belum ada publikasi mengenai trauma pada kehamilan di Indonesia.

 

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil trauma pada kehamilan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dan RSUD Dok II Jayapura.

 

Metode: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif observasional. Semua ibu hamil dengan trauma yang memeriksakan dirinya ke RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSUD Dok II tahun 2016-2018 dimasukkan sebagai subyek penelitian. Data demografis, obstetrik, karakteristik trauma, gejala dan temuan klinis, serta luaran ibu dan janin dianalisa secara deskriptif.

 

Hasil: Didapatkan 100 kasus trauma dari 7130 ibu hamil dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan ISS (Injury Severity Score), 76% subyek termasuk trauma derajat ringan, 20% derajat sedang, dan 4% derajat berat. Tiga mekanisme trauma terbanyak adalah jatuh (61%), kecelakaan lalu lintas (24%), dan kekerasan domestik (9%) dengan jenis trauma kontusio (82%) dan trauma superfisial (60%). Gejala klinis meliputi nyeri abdomen (60%), perdarahan pervaginam (13%), dan ketuban pecah (8%). Didapatkan 1 kasus syok, 2 kasus solusio plasenta, dan 2 kasus gawat janin. Luaran ibu baik, dengan 3% abortus, 3% seksio sesarea, 9% induksi pervaginam, dan 85% konservatif (di mana 91,8% kehamilan berhasil dipertahankan, 7,0% lahir prematur dan 1,2% abortus spontan). Luaran janin menunjukkan 1% lahir mati, 4% abortus, 10% lahir prematur, 7% lahir aterm, dan 78% konservatif.

 

Kesimpulan: Insidens trauma pada kehamilan pada penelitian ini sebesar 1.4%. Sebagian besar subyek termasuk kategori trauma derajat ringan (76%), disebabkan mekanisme jatuh (61%), dengan jenis trauma kontusio (82%) dan klinis nyeri abdomen (60%). Didapatkan 1% kasus syok, 2% solusio plasenta, 2% gawat janin, 4% abortus, dan 1% lahir mati, tanpa adanya mortalitas ibu. ISS (Injury Severity Score) dapat diterapkan untuk menilai derajat trauma ibu hamil, namun tidak menggambarkan luaran ibu maupun janin.


ABSTRACT
Background: Trauma complicates 6-7% pregnancies and causes up to 46% maternal deaths. Yet, it is rarely taken into consideration because of its non-obstetric origin. Maternal complications include membrane rupture, placental abruption, internal organ injury or hemorrhage, caesarean section termination, even maternal death. Fetal morbidity and mortality can even occur without significant maternal injuries. So far, there is no publication regarding trauma in pregnancy in Indonesia.

 

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the profile of trauma in pregnancy at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta and RSUD Dok II Jayapura.

 

Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. All pregnant women with trauma went to RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo and RSUD Dok II during 2016-2018 were included. Demographic and obstetrics datas, trauma characteristics, clinical findings, and all maternal and fetal outcomes were analysed.

 

Results: Of all 7130 pregnant women included, there were 100 trauma cases. Using ISS (Injury Severity Score), 76% subjects had mild trauma, 20% moderate trauma, and 4% severe trauma. Three main trauma mechanisms were fall (61%), motor vehicle accidents (24%), and domestic assaults (9%), with contusion (82%) and superficial trauma (60%). Clinical symptoms included abdominal pain (60%), vaginal bleeding (13%), and water broke (8%). There were 1 hypovolemic shock and 2 placental abruption cases, with 2 fetuses showing fetal distress. Maternal outcomes were good; with 3% abortion, 3% caesarean-section, 9% vaginal induction, and 85% conservative cases (of which 91.8% managed to continue the pregnancy, 7.0% had preterm labor, and 1,2% had spontaneous abortion). Fetal outcomes showed 1% stillbirth, 4% abortion, 10% preterm birth, 7% term birth, and 78% conservative pregnancy.

 

Conclusions: Incidence of trauma in pregnancy in this study is 1.4%. Most subjects have mild trauma (76%), caused by fall (61%), presented mostly with contusion (82%) and abdominal pain (60%). We reported no maternal mortality, 1% hypovolemic shock, 2% placental abruption, 2% fetal distress, 4% abortion rate, and 1% stillbirth. ISS can be applied to assess maternal trauma degree, but does not represent maternal or fetal outcomes.

"
2018
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Andreas Pekey
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Infeksi malaria menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup signifikan pada semua usia terutama kelompok berisiko tinggi. Golongan darah ABO dikatakan dapat mempengaruhi berat ringannya malaria namun pada etnik dan geografis tertentu dapat berbeda. Meskipun beberapa penelitian terakhir mengatakan terdapat hubungan namun terdapat beberapa penelitian yang tidak menemukan hubungan tersebut termasuk di Papua New Guinea yang memiliki karakteristik etnik dan alam yang mirip dengan Papua. Selain itu pada beberapa studi sebelumnya jumlah sampel yang digunakan hanya sedikit, terdapat hasil statistik yang tidak bermakna, melibatkan sampel anak serta beberapa hanya dilakukan berbasis laboratorium Laboratory base . Pada penelitian ini kami menggunakan sampel yang lebih banyak, tidak melibatkan sampel anak dan penelitian dilakukan berbasis rumah sakit Hospital base . Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUD Dok II Jayapura Indonesia dari September hingga November 2016. Sebanyak 210 subjek malaria yang memenuhi kriteria dikategorikan menjadi golongan darah O dan Non O serta malaria berat dan malaria ringan berdasarkan kriteria WHO. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 17 dengan melakukan analisis statistik kai-kuadrat dan menghitung rasio prevalensi serta interval kepercayaan. Hasil Penelitian : Dari 210 pasien, golongan darah non-O 80 pasien 38,2 dan golongan darah O 130 pasien 61,9 . Malaria berat pada golongan darah Non O sebanyak 13 kasus 16,3 dan Golongan darah O sebanyak 9 kasus 6,9 . Terdapat perbedaan prevalensi kejadian malaria berat yang bermakna antara kedua golongan darah p = 0,032 dengan Prevalensi rasio PR 2,4 IK95 : 1,06-6,42 . Golongan darah B terbanyak mengalami malaria berat p = 0,038 dan IK95 1,06-6,42 . Prevalensi malaria berat golongan darah non O pada kedua etnik lebih tinggi terutama pada etnik non Papua non Papua, PR 3,8 IK95 0,84-17,9, p=0,143 dibandingkan Papua, PR 1,83 IK 95 0,56-5,9, p=0,356 . Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan bermakna golongan darah ABO dengan berat ringanya malaria. Malaria berat lebih banyak terjadi pada Golongan darah Non O terutama golongan darah B.

ABSTRACT
Background Malaria infection has caused a significant morbidity and mortality in all ages, especially in high risk groups. Various factors, including ABO blood type, can influence the severity of malaria to certain ethnic group and location. In terms of ABO blood types, several studies showed their relationship with severity of malaria. Others, such as study on Papua New Guinea which has the same characteristic with Papua Province in Indonesia, showed a contrary result. However, these studies were considered invalid due to the usage of smaller samples, with no statistical differences results, only included children and laboratory based studies. In our study, we included more samples, not involving children and did a hospital based studies. Methods This was a cross sectional study in Dok II Jayapura Hospital, Indonesia, from September to November 2016. 210 subjects were diagnosed with malaria, clinically classified according to WHO criteria and underwent ABO blood type examination. Blood type was categorized into O and Non O groups. Malaria severity was classified into severe and mild malaria. Results Out of 210 patients, 80 38.2 and 130 61.9 were Non O and O blood types respectively. Severe malaria was commonly found in Non O compare to O blood type 16.3 vs 6.9 prevalence ratio PR 2.4 95 CI 1.06 6.42 p 0.032 . Moreover, group B blood type had the highest incidence of severe malaria p 0.038 95 CI 1.06 6.42 . In addition, Non O blood group in both Papuan and Non Papuan races had a greater prevalence of severe malaria Papuan, PR 1.83, 95 CI 0.56 5.9 p 0.356, compared with Non Papuan, PR 3.8, 95 CI 0.84 17.9, p 0.143 .Conclusion There is a significant relationship between ABO blood group and the severity of malaria in Papua. Severe malaria was more common in Non O, especially type B blood group. "
2017
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhamad Relly Sofiar
"Latar Belakang
Hemodialisa membutuhkan suatu akses vaskuler yang fungsional dan adekuat untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik, bagi Negara berkembang seperti Indonesia tingginya biaya perawatan dan tenaga ahli masih merupakan hal yang harus ditanggapi serius oleh semua pihak. NKF-KDOQI menetapkan tiga Tujuan utama suatu unit hemodialisa antara lain meningkatkan pemakaian AV Fistula, Mengurangi pemakaian kateter hingga 10% dan Deteksi dini dari disfungsi akses vaskuler. Hingga saat ini belum ada gambaran akses vaskular yang terdapat di unit hemodialisa RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo sehingga dapat dibandingkan dengan guideline, dan diharapkan mendapat masukan untuk pelayanan terbaik bagi pasien.
Metode
Penelitian ini berupa deskriptif retrospektif, Populasi penelitian adalah pasien gagal ginjal kronik
yang menjalani hemodialisa dengan akses vaskuler fistula AV dan kateter vena sentral di Rumah
Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Mei – Desember 2012. Data dari rekam medis penderita
diketahui mengenai tanggal hemodialisa pertama kali, tanggal pembuatan akses vaskuler pertama
kali, jenis akses vaskuler yang digunakan pertama kali serta konversi yang mengikutinya, serta
lokasi akses vaskuler tersebut.
Hasil
Didapatkan 234 data pasien yang aktif menjalani hemodialisa di unit hemodialisa RSUPN
Ciptomangunkusumno Jakarta dari bulan Mei – juni 2012, terdiri dari 146 laki laki dan 88
perempuan , rerata umur 49.04 tahun dengan rentang umur 11 tahun sampai 78 tahun. Diantara
pasien tersebut , 122 (52.1%) pasien dengan AV fistula, dan pasien yang membuat AV Fistula
sebelum hemodialisa pertama hanya pada 7 pasien (1.2%) 1 pasien menggunakan graft PTFE,
dengan lokasi tersering untuk AV Fistula adalah Radiocephalica sebanyak 29.4%, 48 pasien
menggunakan central venous catheter, dimana 28 pasien dengan longterm catheter (12%) dan
sisanya dengan shortterm catheter (8.5%). Direct Puncture digunakan oleh pasien sebagai cara
yang dipakai pertama kali melakukan hemodialisa, sebanyak 49.6%. dari keseluruhan pasien
yang pernah menjalani pemasangan AV fistula mengalami primary failure sebanyak 10.65%, dan
secondary failure sebanyak 7.37%.
Kesimpulan
Masalah pada suatu unit hemodialisa tidaklah sederhana dan untuk mencapai suatu hasil yang
terbaik diperlukan kerjasama dari sebuah tim multidisiplin vaskular akses yang terdiri dari ahli
ginjal hipertensi, ahli bedah vaskular, ahli radiologi, dan perawat dialisa. Dengan seorang
koordinator yang berdedikasi tinggi yang selalu memperbaharui data base pasien dan update
terbaru dari perkembangan akses vaskuler.

Background
A vascular access that mantained to be functioning and adequate is a must to achieve the best
result in haemodialysis procedure. For a developing country like Indonesia, a high cost and
expertise in vascular access maintenance reluctantly a serious issues. NKF-KDOQI has
established three primary goals for a haemodialysis unit to achieve, to increase the placement of
native fistulas as vascular access at initiation of hemodialysis procedure until 65 %, to discourage
catheter insertion until 10% and early detection of vascular access dysfunction. Recently at Cipto
Mangunkusumo hospital, there are no profile of vascular access in haemodialysis unit to figure
out the condition and compare with guideline.
Method
This is a descriptive retrospective study with a CRF (Chronic Renal Failure) patients that undergo
hemodialysis with natve fistula and catheter as their vascular access in Cipto Mangunkusumo
hospital from May to December 2012. Data collected from medical record included dates when
initiates their hemodialysis procedure, diagnose of CRF, creation of fistula or other vascular
access, and complication that has occurred.
Results
From 234 patients that undergo hemodialysis procedure from May to December 2012, there werre
146 male and 81 female, with median age of 49.04 years old and distance within 11 – 78 years
old. Among these patients 122(52%) with fistula an 1 patient with graft but only 7 patients (1.2%)
that use native fistula to initiate their hemodialysis procedure. The most location for fistula were
on left radiocephalic in 29.4% of patients, 48 patients use catheter for their vascular access that
ionclude 12% long term and 8.5 % long term catheter. There were 49.6% patients with direct
venous puncture to initiate their hemodialysis. From all fistulas that created there were 10.65%
primary failure and 7.37% secondary failure.
Conclusion
Problems in hemodialysis unit is not as simple as that, and to achieve the best result require the
concerted effort of multivariariate vascular access team that consist nephrologist, vascular
surgeon, radiologist, and nurse with a chief coordinator that updating vascular access patients
database and its development
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ticoalu, Deisy Christine
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang dan tujuan:Data mengenai pasien PPOK pada ras melanesia belum ada.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Mengetahui faktor risiko dan nilai uji jalan 6 menit pada pasien PPOK ras Melanesia di Kota Jayapura, Papua.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUD Dok II Jayapura.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan September 2017.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebesar 40 pasien PPOK.Faktor risiko pasien PPOK ras Melanesia yang merokok adalah 27 subjek 67,5 , pajanan biomass 18 subjek 45 , ISPA berulang 12 subjek 30 dan IMT kurang 6 subjek 15 , normal 33 subjek 82,5 , lebih 1 subjek 2,5 .Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelompok PPOK dengan ISPA berulang p=0,003 , OR 11,67 dengan IK 95 2,2-61,2 .Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kriteria spirometri berdasarkan GOLD dengan rokok p=0,016 , pajanan biomass p=0,013 , OR 11,76 dengan IK 95 1,31-105,50 , ISPA berulang p=0,041, OR 0,16 dengan IK 95 0,03-0,785 dan IMT p=0,002 .Jarak tempuh uji jalan 6 menit terbanyak pada kelompok 200-300 m dengan 36 subjek 90 .VEP 1prediksi terbanyak adalah 50-80 dengan 30 subjek 75 dengan rerata 58,33 10,083 dan rerata VEP 1 ml adalah 1375 445,88.Pemeriksaan foto toraks pasien PPOK ras melanesia adalah normal sebanyak 38 subjek 95 dan emfisematous 2 subjek 5 .Skor CAT pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura < 10 sebanyak 36 subjek 90 dan > 10 sebanyak 4 subjek 10 dengan hubungan bermakna antara skor CAT dengan kelompok PPOK p=0,042 .Indeks brinkman IB pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura adalah ringan sebanyak 7 subjek 7 , sedang 12 subjek 44 dan berat 8 subjek 30 serta hubungan bermakna antara IB dengan hasil spirometri berdasarkan GOLD p= 0,005 .Faktor komorbid yang didapatkan pada pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura adalah gagal jantung sebanyak 2 subjek 5 . Nilai rerata uji jalan 6 menit m adalah 277,88 32,83 dan VO2 maks ml/Kg/mnt adalah 22,08 1,047 serta tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelompok PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura dengan uji jalan 6 menit dan prediksi VO2 maks.Kesimpulan: ISPA berulang, pajanan biomass,rokok, IMT merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh pada PPOK ras melanesia. Uji jalan 6 menit pasien PPOK ras melanesia lebih rendah dibandingkan non melanesia.Kata kunci :Faktor risiko, PPOK, ras melanesia, uji jalan 6 menit.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose:Data on patients with COPD on melanesian races is not present. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and 6-minute road test scores in patients with COPD Melanesia in Jayapura City, Papua.Method:This research is cross sectional study conducted in RSUD Dok II Jayapura. Sampling was conducted in September 2017.Result:In this study the inclusion criteria were 40 patients with COPD. Risk factors for COPD patients smoking Melanesia were 27 subjects 67.5 , biomass exposure 18 subjects 45 , recurrent lower inspiratory infection of 12 subjects 30 and BMI less 6 subjects 15 , normal 33 subjects 82.5 , more 1 subject 2.5 . There was a significant relationship between group of COPD with recurrent lower inspiratory infection p = 0,003, OR 11,67 with CI 95 2,2-61,2 . There was significant relation between spirometry criteria based on GOLD with cigarette p = 0,016 , biomass exposure p = 0.013, OR 11.76 with 95 IK 1.31-105.50 , recurrent lower inspiratory infection p = 0.041, OR 0.16 with CI 0.03-0.785 and IMT p = 0.002 . The distance of the 6-minute walking test was highest in the 200-300 m group with 36 subjects 90 .The FEV 1 predicted was 50-80 with 30 subjects 75 with mean of 58.33 10,083 and FEV 1 ml is 1375 445.88. The examination of chest X-rays of patients with COC melanesia is normal for as many as 38 subjects 95 and emfisematous 2 subjects 5 .The CAT scores of melanesian COPD patients in RSUD Dok II Jayapura 10 for 4 subjects 10 with significant association between CAT score and group COPD p = 0,042 . Brinkman index IB of COPD patient melanesia in RSUD Dok II Jayapura was mild s 7 subjects 7 , 12 subjects 44 and weight 8 subjects 30 and significant relationship between IB and spirometry based on GOLD p = 0,005 . The comorbid factor obtained in patients with COPD melanesia in RSUD Dok II Jayapura is a heart failure of 2 subjects 5 . The mean value of the 6-minute walking test m was 277.88 32.83 and the max VO2 ml / Kg / mnt was 22.08 1.047 and there was no significant association between the melanesian rape COPD group in RSUD Dok II Jayapura by testing 6 min walking test and prediction VO2 max.Conclusions: Recurrent acute lower respiratory infection, biomass exposure, cigarette, BMI is a contributing factor in COPD melanesia. The 6-minute road test of COPD patients of melanesia is lower than non melanesia. "
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T58600
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nike Putria Ningsih
"Kehamilan remaja merupakan masalah yang sangat krusial terjadi pada masyarakat perkotaan karena arus pergaulan bebas dan pengaruh teknologi informasi seperti internet. Karya ilmiah ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui asuhan keperawatan pada klien dengan kehamilan pada usia remaja dari periode antenatal hingga postpartum. Berbagai masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan pada Ny.J (18 th) pada masa antenatal (ansietas, konstipasi, dan resiko ketidakmampuan menjadi orang tua) hingga postpartum (diskontinuitas pemberian ASI, resiko infeksi, dan resiko ketidakmampuan menjadi orang tua). Resiko ketidakmampuan menjadi orang tua merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi remaja terutama Ny. J karena klien tidak tahu cara perawatan bayi baru lahir seperti memandikan dan membedong. Implementasi yang dilakukan selama 3 kali (1 kali di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan 2 kali kunjungan rumah) pertemuan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu melakukan edukasi dan demonstrasi cara memandikan dan membedong bayi. Evaluasi dari tindakan tersebut adalah klien mampu memandikan dan membedong bayi sehingga masalah resiko ketidakmampuan menjadi orang tua tidak terjadi.

Adolescent pregnancy is a very crucial problem occurs in urban communities due to promiscuity and influence of information technology such as internet. This report aimed to analyze nursing care to clients with adolescent pregnancy from prenatal to postpartum period. Various nursing problems found in Mrs. J during prenatal period (anxiety, constipation, and risk for impaired parenting) until postpartum (interrupted breastfeeding, risk for infection, and risk for impaired parenting). Risk for impaired parenting was a frequent problem among adolescent, such as in Mrs. J due to inadequate knowledge on taking care of newborn baby such as bathing and swaddling. The implementations were done in three times (one time in Cipto Mangunkusumo and two times at her home) to overcome the identified problems by giving patient education and demonstrating steps of bathing and swaddling the baby. Evaluation of the interventions was client become able to perform bathing and swaddling the baby so that risk for impaired parenting was not happened.
"
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
PR-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mohammad Risandi Priatama
"Kelahiran preterm sebagai penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang utama pada neonatus memiliki prevalensi kejadian yang tinggi khususnya di Indonesia yang mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelahiran preterm dan keputihan pada kehamilan.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian yaitu ibu yang melahirkan di RSCM tahun 2011 yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kelahiran preterm di RSCM pada tahun 2011 sebesar 26,4% dan prevalensi keputihan pada ibu hamil di RSCM tahun 2011 sebesar 29,9%.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang berbeda bermakna antara kelahiran preterm dengan keputihan pada kehamilan di RSCM tahun 2011 dengan nilai p<0,001 dan keputihan pada kehamilan merupakan risiko terjadinya kelahiran preterm dengan nilai rasio prevalens lebih dari 1 (1,5) serta interval kepercayaan 0,40-0,60.

Preterm birth as causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates have a major high prevalence, especially in Indonesia, which reached 15.5%. This study aims to determine the relationship between preterm birth and vaginal discharge in pregnancy.
The study design used is cross-sectional. Subject of research is the mother who gave birth in the RSCM in 2011 that meets the selection criteria for the study. Results from this study showed that the prevalence of preterm births in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 26.4% and the prevalence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 29.9%.
From the results of this study concluded that there is a significant difference in the relationship between preterm birth with vaginal discharge in pregnancy in the RSCM in 2011 with a value of p <0.001 and vaginal discharge in pregnancy is a risk of preterm birth prevalence ratio with a value of more than 1 (1.5) as well as the confidence interval 0.40 to 0.60."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hesty Lidya Ningsih
"Latar Belakang: Enzim O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase MGMT merupakan suatu DNA-repair enzyme yang dapat menghambat proses kematian sel tumor akibat proses alkilasi oleh zat alkilasi termasuk zat kemoterapi. Enzim ini berhubungan dengan mekanisme pertahanan tumor terhadap zat kemoterapi. Eskpresi dari enzim MGMT ini ditemukan tinggi pada pada berbagai tumor termasuk glioma. Metilasi promoter MGMT mengakibatkan gen dalam sel tumor berhenti menghasilkan MGMT. Adanya metilasi dari promoter MGMT dihubungkan dengan respon yang lebih baik terhadap zat alkilasi termasuk kemoterapi. Status metilasi dari promoter MGMT pada pasien glioma dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan efektifitas kemoterapi dengan zat alkilasi.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil enzim O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase MGMT pada pasien glioma derajat tinggi dan glioma derajat rendah dan karakteristik pasien glioma di Departemen Bedah Saraf RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta.
Metode: Peneliti mengumpulkan data profil MGMT yang diperiksa menggunakan methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction pada pasien glioma derajat tinggi dan glioma derajat rendah yang menjalani pembedahan di Departemen Bedah Saraf Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dalam periode 1 tahun. Data berupa usia, jenis kelamin, Karnofsky Performance Scale KPS, and derajat serta jenis histopatologi tumor dikumpulkan.
Hasil: Dalam periode 1 tahun terdapat 17 pasien dengan hasil histopatologi glioma derajat tinggi dan derajat rendah yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan pada 11 pasien 64,7 dan tidak termetilasi pada 6 pasien 35,3. Promoter MGMT termetilasi methylated MGMT lebih banyak didapatkan pada pasien berusia ge; 40 tahun dibandingkan pasien yang berusia < 40 tahun 85,7 vs 50 dan pada pasien laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan 77,7 vs 50. Sedangkan berdasarkan KPS, promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan lebih banyak pada pasien dengan KPS > 70 dibandingkan dengan KPS le; 70 70 vs 57,1. Berdasarkan derajat keganasan, promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan lebih banyak ditemukan pada glioma derajat rendah WHO grade II dibandingkan pada glioma derajat tinggi WHO grade III dan IV 85,7 vs 50. Pada glioma derajat tinggi, promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan lebih banyak pada astrositoma/oligoastrositoma anaplastik WHO grade III dibandingkan glioblastoma WHO grade IV 66,6 vs 42,8. Pada glioma derajat rendah, promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan lebih banyak pada oligoastrositoma dibandingkan astrositoma difus 100 vs 75.
Kesimpulan: Promoter MGMT termetilasi lebih sedikit ditemukan pada derajat tumor yang lebih tinggi WHO grade IV, KPS yang rendah, usia lebih muda saat diagnosis dan pasien wanita, meskipun perbedaannya belum dibuktikan signifikan secara statistik. Promoter MGMT termetilasi ditemukan lebih banyak pada tumor dengan komponen oligodendroglioma. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar untuk menentukan apakah metilasi promoter MGMT memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan faktor-faktor tersebut.

Background: O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase MGMT is a DNA repair enzyme that correlates with resistance mechanism of tumors to chemotherapy. MGMT inhibits the killing process of tumor cells by alkylating agents including chemotherapy MGMT expression has been noted higher in several tumors including glioma.. Methylation of MGMT promoter inhibits the cells to produce MGMT. Methylation status of the MGMT promoter in gliomas is useful to predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy with alkylating agents.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate profile of MGMT enzyme and characteristic of low grade and high grade glioma patients in Neurosurgery Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta.
Methods: We evaluated data of MGMT promoter methylation status from methylation specific polymerase chain reaction result in low grade and high glioma patients who underwent surgical resection in Department of Neurosurgery, Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital Jakarta. Demographic characteristic and clinical data of glioma patiens including age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale KPS, and grading of tumor were collected.
Results: In one year period, there are 17 patients with pathological finding of low grade and high grade gliomas met criteria of inclusion. Methylated MGMT promoter was found in 11 patients 64.7 and unmethylated in 6 patients 35.3. MGMT promoter methylation was observed more often in patients diagnosed in age more than 40 years old than in patient less than 40 years old 85,7 vs 50, and men than women 77,7 vs 50. In patients with KPS more than 70 and KPS 70 or less, methylation of MGMT promoter was observed in 70 and 57,1, respectively. Base on tumors grading, MGMT promoter methylation was observed more often in low grade gliomas WHO grade II than high grade gliomas WHO grade II and IV 85,7 vs 50. In high grade glioma, methylation was observed more often in grade III tumors anaplastic astrocytomas oligoastrocytomas than grade IV tumors glioblastomas 66,6 vs 42,8. In low grade gliomas, methylation was observed more in oligoastrocytomas than difus astrocytomas 100 vs 75.
Conclusions. MGMT promoter methylation was observed less in higher grade of tumors grade IV, lower KPS, younger age at time of diagnosis and female patients, although the differences were not statistically significant. MGMT promoter methylation was observed more often in gliomas with oligodendroglioma component. Further and larger scale of research is needed to determine whether MGMT promoter methylation significantly correlates with these factors.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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Siregar, Ginanda Putra
"Pendahuluan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan profil pasien adenokarsinoma buli secara komprehensif di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tahun 1995-2012.
Metode: Studi ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif potong lintang. Data sekunder dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis Departemen Urologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tanggal 1 Januari 1995 - 31 Desember 2012. Pasien dengan adenokarsinoma buli dikategorikan menggunakan stadium berdasarkan sistem TNM/AJCC 2010. CT scan dilakukan untuk penentuan stadium adenokarsinoma buli.
Hasil: Terdapat 45 pasien, yang terdiri dari 12 (26,7%) wanita dan 33 (73,3%) laki-laki. Umur rerata pasien adalah 46.04±13,50 (18-72) tahun. Riwayat batu buli ditemukan pada 11 (24,4%) dari total 45 pasien. Pada umumnya pasien didiagnosis pada stadium IV dan hanya sebagian kecil yang didiagnosis pada stadium I. Terdapat 16 (35,5%) pasien dengan metastase pada awal didiagnosis. Pada umumnya, (64,4%) pasien hanya dilakukan TUR-BT. Sebelas (24%) pasien dilakukan tindakan sistektomi. Pasien lainnya juga diberikan radioterapi (6,7%) dan kemoterapi (4,4%).
Kesimpulan: Insiden adenokarsinoma buli pada penelitian ini ditemukan lebih tinggi dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya di negara-negara berkembang lainnya. Beberapa karakteristik pasien dengan adenokarsinoma buli di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki kesamaan dengan negara lain dalam hal jenis kelamin yang dominan, penentuan stadium pada saat ditegakkan diagnosis, dan jenis operasi yang dilakukan. Usia pasien saat pertama kali didiagnosis adenokarsinoma buli di Indonesia pada umumnya lebih muda dan seperempat dari total pasien memiliki riwayat batu buli.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to get a comprehensive profile of bladder adenocarcinoma patient at "CiptoMangunkusumo" Hospital from 1995 to 2012.
Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Secondary data were obtained retrospectively from Departement of Urology,"CiptoMangunkusumo" Hospital medical record from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2012. Staging of bladder adenocarcinoma patients were based on TNM/AJCC 2010. CT scan was performed as staging procedure of bladder adenocarcinoma.
Results: There were 45 patients which were 12 female (26,7%) and 33 male (73.3%). Mean of subjects?s age (n=45) was 46.04±13,50 (18-72) years old. History of bladder stone was found in 11 of 45 patients (24,4%). Most patients were diagnosed at stage IV and only small percentage were diagnosed at stage I. There were 16 patients (35,5%) with metastases at time of first diagnosis. Most of our patients (64.4%) were treated with TUR-BT only. Eleven (24%) patients were treated with cystectomy. The rest of the patient was performed radiotherapy (6,7%) and chemotherapy(4,4%).
Conclusion: Several characteristics of bladder adenocarcinoma patients in "Cipto Mangunkusumo" Hospital are similar with studies in other countries in parts of gender predominant, staging at first diagnosed, and type of surgery performed. Age at first diagnosed with bladder adenocarcinoma tend to be younger in Indonesia, and one fourth of our patients presented with history of bladder stone.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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Rika Ruhama
"[ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan : Glioma adalah jenis tumor yang paling umum dari neoplasma intraserebral
primer. Tumor ganas primer sistem saraf pusat (SSP) mencapai sekitar 2% dari semua kanker
dan high grade glioma adalah jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan. High grade glioma
menyebabkan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Saat ini belum ada data yang
menggambarkan profil pasien glioma yang menjalani radioterapi di Indonesia.
Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif deskriptif analitik
terhadap 121 pasien glioma yang mendapat radiasi di departemen Radioterapi RSUPN Dr.
Cipto mangunkusumo dari Januari 2009 sampai Januari 2014. Data diperoleh dari catatan
medisdan hasil penelusuran melalui telepon terhadap pasien atau keluarganya. Respon tumor
dianalisa terhadap 22 pasien yang mempunyai CT scan atau MRI pre dan post radiasi dengan
menggunakan kriteria RECIST.
Hasil : Sebagian besar pasien adalah laki-laki (53,7%), dengan usia rata-rata 45 tahun.
Histopatologi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah astrositoma. Prosedur bedah yang paling
banyak ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah craniotomi removal tumor (70%). Teknik 3D
CRT paling banyak digunakan yaitu pada 77,7% pasien. Nimotuzumab sebagai antibodi
monoklonal digunakan pada 9% pasien. Respon parsial ditemukan 59,1%. Analisis kesintasan
hidup tiga tahun dari seratus sebelas pasien yang memenuhi kriteria didapatkan angka
kesintasan yaitu 46,15%. Analisis kaplan meyer menunjukkan overall treatment time
merupakan faktor prognostik untuk kesintasan hidup (p = 0,016).
Kesimpulan : Teknik operasi terbanyak pada pasien glioma yang menjalani radiasi di
departemen radioterapi RSUPN DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah kraniotomi removal tumor
(70,9%). Teknik 3D CRT adalah teknik radiasi yang paling banyak digunakan. Respon
parsial ditemukan 59,1%. Kesintasan hidup tiga tahun pasien glioma yaitu 46,2% dan overall
treatment time merupakan faktor prognostik yang bermakna untuk kesintasan hidup

ABSTRACT
Introduction : Glioma is the most common type of primary intracerebral neoplasms. High
grade glioma being the most frekuent type found (70,9%) causes a high morbidity and
mortality rate. There is currently no data describing the profile management of patients
undergoing radiotherapy glioma in Indonesia.
Methods : This study Retrospective analytic descriptive study of 121 glioma patients from
januari 2009 until december 2014. The data was obtained from medical records and indivual
contact via telephone. Tumor response was evaluated in 22 patients with pre and post
irradiation imaging (CT or MRI) using 3D volumetric data and assessed via RECIST
criteria.
Results : Most of our patients were male (53,7%), with median age 45 years old.
Astrocytoma was the most histopathological type found. 70.9% of Patients who received
radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital were post craniotomi tumor removal. 3D
Conformal technique was used in 81.0% of patients. Seventy nine point three had a two gray
dose perfraction. Provision of chemotherapy in patients undergoing radiation still only at
7.4% of patients. Nimotuzumab as a monoclonal antibody used on 9% patient. The median
overall treatment time was 45 days and delay treatment time 38 days. Fifty nine point one
percent of partial respon was found. Local recurrences were found throughout the follow-up
of 6.6%. Analysis kaplan meyer showed that overall treatment time was a prognostic factor
for overal survival rate (p=0,016).
Conclusions : : Almost seventy one percent of glioma patients who received radiotherapy
had craniotomy removal tumor. 3D Conformal techniques is the most widely used. Fifty nine
point one percent of partial respon founded. Three years overall survival was 46,2% and
overall treatment time was found as a factor that significantly affects overall survival
prognosis.;Introduction : Glioma is the most common type of primary intracerebral neoplasms. High
grade glioma being the most frekuent type found (70,9%) causes a high morbidity and
mortality rate. There is currently no data describing the profile management of patients
undergoing radiotherapy glioma in Indonesia.
Methods : This study Retrospective analytic descriptive study of 121 glioma patients from
januari 2009 until december 2014. The data was obtained from medical records and indivual
contact via telephone. Tumor response was evaluated in 22 patients with pre and post
irradiation imaging (CT or MRI) using 3D volumetric data and assessed via RECIST
criteria.
Results : Most of our patients were male (53,7%), with median age 45 years old.
Astrocytoma was the most histopathological type found. 70.9% of Patients who received
radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital were post craniotomi tumor removal. 3D
Conformal technique was used in 81.0% of patients. Seventy nine point three had a two gray
dose perfraction. Provision of chemotherapy in patients undergoing radiation still only at
7.4% of patients. Nimotuzumab as a monoclonal antibody used on 9% patient. The median
overall treatment time was 45 days and delay treatment time 38 days. Fifty nine point one
percent of partial respon was found. Local recurrences were found throughout the follow-up
of 6.6%. Analysis kaplan meyer showed that overall treatment time was a prognostic factor
for overal survival rate (p=0,016).
Conclusions : : Almost seventy one percent of glioma patients who received radiotherapy
had craniotomy removal tumor. 3D Conformal techniques is the most widely used. Fifty nine
point one percent of partial respon founded. Three years overall survival was 46,2% and
overall treatment time was found as a factor that significantly affects overall survival
prognosis.;Introduction : Glioma is the most common type of primary intracerebral neoplasms. High
grade glioma being the most frekuent type found (70,9%) causes a high morbidity and
mortality rate. There is currently no data describing the profile management of patients
undergoing radiotherapy glioma in Indonesia.
Methods : This study Retrospective analytic descriptive study of 121 glioma patients from
januari 2009 until december 2014. The data was obtained from medical records and indivual
contact via telephone. Tumor response was evaluated in 22 patients with pre and post
irradiation imaging (CT or MRI) using 3D volumetric data and assessed via RECIST
criteria.
Results : Most of our patients were male (53,7%), with median age 45 years old.
Astrocytoma was the most histopathological type found. 70.9% of Patients who received
radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital were post craniotomi tumor removal. 3D
Conformal technique was used in 81.0% of patients. Seventy nine point three had a two gray
dose perfraction. Provision of chemotherapy in patients undergoing radiation still only at
7.4% of patients. Nimotuzumab as a monoclonal antibody used on 9% patient. The median
overall treatment time was 45 days and delay treatment time 38 days. Fifty nine point one
percent of partial respon was found. Local recurrences were found throughout the follow-up
of 6.6%. Analysis kaplan meyer showed that overall treatment time was a prognostic factor
for overal survival rate (p=0,016).
Conclusions : : Almost seventy one percent of glioma patients who received radiotherapy
had craniotomy removal tumor. 3D Conformal techniques is the most widely used. Fifty nine
point one percent of partial respon founded. Three years overall survival was 46,2% and
overall treatment time was found as a factor that significantly affects overall survival
prognosis., Introduction : Glioma is the most common type of primary intracerebral neoplasms. High
grade glioma being the most frekuent type found (70,9%) causes a high morbidity and
mortality rate. There is currently no data describing the profile management of patients
undergoing radiotherapy glioma in Indonesia.
Methods : This study Retrospective analytic descriptive study of 121 glioma patients from
januari 2009 until december 2014. The data was obtained from medical records and indivual
contact via telephone. Tumor response was evaluated in 22 patients with pre and post
irradiation imaging (CT or MRI) using 3D volumetric data and assessed via RECIST
criteria.
Results : Most of our patients were male (53,7%), with median age 45 years old.
Astrocytoma was the most histopathological type found. 70.9% of Patients who received
radiotherapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital were post craniotomi tumor removal. 3D
Conformal technique was used in 81.0% of patients. Seventy nine point three had a two gray
dose perfraction. Provision of chemotherapy in patients undergoing radiation still only at
7.4% of patients. Nimotuzumab as a monoclonal antibody used on 9% patient. The median
overall treatment time was 45 days and delay treatment time 38 days. Fifty nine point one
percent of partial respon was found. Local recurrences were found throughout the follow-up
of 6.6%. Analysis kaplan meyer showed that overall treatment time was a prognostic factor
for overal survival rate (p=0,016).
Conclusions : : Almost seventy one percent of glioma patients who received radiotherapy
had craniotomy removal tumor. 3D Conformal techniques is the most widely used. Fifty nine
point one percent of partial respon founded. Three years overall survival was 46,2% and
overall treatment time was found as a factor that significantly affects overall survival
prognosis.]"
2015
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