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"ABSTRAK

Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang Survei keamanan sebagai upaya Quality Control PT. MP pada daerah keamanan terbatas di bandara baru di Indonesia. Upaya pembukaan jalur rute penerbangan operasional di bandara baru ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat didaerah terisolir sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan nasional. Sebelum suatu bandara dinyatakan memenuhi standar keamanan untuk dijadikan stasiun, PT.MP melakukan survei keamanan terlebih dahulu untuk mengecek kesiapan fasilitas fisik, fasilitas pengamanan dan kompetensi petugas suatu bandara didalam melaksanakan tugas pengamanan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana metode dalam mencari data adalah dengan melakukan studi dokumen keamanan, peraturan perundang-undangan dan data hasil survei keamanan yang dilakukan oleh petugas Unit Corporate Security PT.MP pada 2 bandar udara baru H.Aroeppala Selayar dan bandar udara Tebelian-Sintang Kalimantan Barat. Analisa terhadap temuan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan pencegahan kejahatan situasional 25 teknik strategi pencegahan kejahatan yang dicetus oleh Clarke. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan survei keamanan bandara baru H.Aroeppala Selayar dan Tebelian-Sintang telah memenuhi beberapa konsep 25 teknik strategi pencegahan untuk menganalisis kerentanan-kerentanan yang dapat berpotensi terjadinya perbuatan melawan hukum didalam penerbangan. Penelitian ini menyarankan perkembangan penelitian selanjutnya untuk menguji efektivitas pelaksanaan program survei keamanan ini dengan menggunakan metode yang jauh lebih komprehensif.

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ABSTRACTThis Final Project assignment discusses the implementation of a security survei as an effort to Quality Control program airlines X in security restricted areas at new airports in Indonesia. The effort to open the operational flight route at the new airport aims to improve the social welfare of the people in isolated areas in accordance with national development goals. Before an airport is declared to meet security standards to be used as a station, PT.MP conducts a security survei to check the readiness of physical facilities, security facilities and competencies of officers of an airport in carrying out security duties. Research conducted using a qualitative approach where the method of finding data is by reviewing secondary data from the study of security documents, legislation and security survei data carried out by PT.MP Corporate Security officers at 2 new airports, H.Aroeppala Selayar and Tebelian airport- Sintang West Kalimantan. Analysis of the findings of the data was carried out using a situational crime prevention approach 25 techniques of crime prevention strategies triggered by Clarke. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of a new airport security survei had similar with 25 techniques of crime that can be used to analyze vulnerabilities that can potentially occur against the law in flight. This study suggests the development of further research to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of this security survei program using a far more comprehensive method.

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"Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dengan kegiatan penerbangan yang padat setiap harinya. Dalam hal ini, maka keamanan penerbangan sangat penting diperhatikan oleh berbagai pihak. Salah satu isu utama adalah keamanan pada landasan pacu yang harus terbebas dari berbagai objek (Foreign Object Debris =FOD) yang dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan pada pesawat terbang. Keadaan tersebut berbahaya bagi keselamatan para penumpang dan menimbulkan kerugian bagi operator penerbangan dan pengelola bandara. Adapun teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk solusi tersebut dengan pendekatan Computer Vision menggunakan kamera long range. Teknologi ini menggunakan deep learning atau biasa dikenal dengan Artificial Intelegent (AI). Sistem deteksi FOD ini telah mampu mendeteksi 13 jenis objek sebagai FOD. Dengan ketinggian kamera kurang lebih 8 meter dari permukaan tanah, sistem dapat mendeteksi FOD sekecil baut mur pada jarak 50 meter, sedangkan pada jarak 200 meter, FOD sebesar botol minum dan kardus masih dapat terdeteksi. Apabila ingin mendeteksi objek yang sangat kecil seperti baut mur pada jarak lebih dari 200 meter maka diperlukan kamera dengan kemampuan perbesaran yang lebih tinggi lagi. Pekerjaan ini telah diselesaikan secara profesional dengan menjalankan prinsip dasar kode etik insinyur dan senantiasa memperhatikan Keamanan, Keselamatan, Kesehatan, dan Lingkungan Hidup (K3L).

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Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world with heavy flight activities every day. Therefore, aviation security is very important to be considered by various parties. One of the main issues is security on the runway which must be free from Foreign Object Debris (FOD) that can cause accidents to aircraft. This situation is dangerous for the safety of passengers and causes losses for flight operators and airport managers. The technology proposed for this solution is the Computer Vision approach using a long range camera. This technology uses deep learning as part of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This FOD detection system has been able to detect 13 types of FOD. With a camera placed aproximately 8 meters from the ground, the system can detect FOD as small as a bolt at a distance of 50 meters, while at a distance of 200 meters, FOD as large as a drinking bottle and cardboard can still be detected. If a need to detect very small objects such as bolts at a distance of more than 200 meters, a camera with a higher magnification capability is needed. This work has been completed professionally by carrying out the basic principles of the engineer's code of ethics and always paying attention to Security, Safety, Health and Environment."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang bentuk baru dalam hubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dan Australia yaitu Foreign Affairs and Defence Ministers Meeting (FADMM). Ide ini mulai mengemuka saat Presiden RI melakukan kunjungan ke Canberra pada bulan Maret 2010 dimana kedua negara menyepakati untuk menyelenggarakan pertemuan tahunan FADMM. Dasar pemikiran pembentukan FADMM adalah sebagai langkah upaya mendorong dan mewujudkan kesepakatan dalam Lombok Treaty dan Plan of Action. Selain itu, Indonesia memiliki kepentingan dalam pembentukan forum ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan FADMM selain menguntungkan bagi Indonesia khususnya di bidang keamanan, dapat pula meningkatkan hubungan bilateral Indonesia-Australia, mengurangi ketegangan antara kedua negara, meningkatkan rasa saling percaya dan mencegah terjadinya konflik.

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This thesis examines a new form of bilateral relation between Indonesia and Australia called Foreign Affairs and Defence Ministers Meeting. This idea aroses during the visit of the President of Indonesia to Canberra in March 2010, where both Indonesia and Australia agreed to establish FADMM. The main reason for the establishment is to encourage the implementation of Lombok Treaty and its Plan of Action. Furthermore, Indonesia has interests in the formation of this forum. The result of this research showed that FADMM brings benefit to Indonesia, encourage bilateral relation Indonesia-Australia, reduces tentions between the two states, enhance mutual trust and prevents conflict."

"Tiongkok merupakan negara yang tertutup dan cenderung agresif dalam menjalankan hubungan luar negerinya. Selama tiga dekade terakhir, pertumbuhan kapabilitas Tiongkok secara besar-besaran menimbulkan kecurigaan bagi negara-negara lainnya di kawasan, tidak terkecuali ASEAN. Memasuki akhir tahun 1990an, Tiongkok kemudian mengubah pendekatannya dengan menerapkan konsep keamanan baru dalam menjalin kerjasama dengan ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan memahami alasan Tiongkok dengan menerapkan konsep keamanan baru dan berusaha mengetahui keterkaitan konsep keamanan baru Tiongkok dengan kondisi soft power Tiongkok di ASEAN. Untuk memahami kedua hal tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan konsep reassurance dan soft power sebagai kerangka berpikir. Konsep reassurance yang merupakan cara yang dilakukan negara untuk meyakinkan negara lain terhadap intensi baik yang dimilikinya. Dalam penerapannya, strategi ini ternyata dapat memiliki peran dalam peningkatan soft power suatu negara. Berdasarkan asumsi di atas, akan dianalisis alasan Tiongkok menerapkan konsep keamanan baru sebagai strategi reassurance dan dampaknya terhadap soft power Tiongkok di ASEAN.

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Before the late 1990s, China’s overtly aggressive actions in the South China Sea and its unwillingness to engage the region on a multilateral basis led to mistrust and fear on ASEAN. Moreover, China’s overwhelming development in economy and defense has strengthens the rise of “China threat” perception. Since the late 1990s, however, China’s policy toward ASEAN has shifted from one based on coercive behavior to regional institutions and accommodating approach based on active participation in ASEAN-based fora and a willingness to undertake actions that give the appearance of embracing ASEAN diplomatic norms. China promotes the implementation of its New Security Concept in any cooperation with ASEAN to gain trust and legitimacy. To provide the analysis, this writing takes reassurance and soft power theory as analytical framework. Reassurance is a strategy aim to reassure others about their benign intentions. Apparently, the application of this strategy could bring significant effect on the rise of soft power. By using qualitative method, this writing intent to understand why China implements the New Security Concept and observe its relevance with China’s Soft power in ASEAN."

"In Crimology, Access control is known as one of the six teen technique introduced by Ronald V. Clarks on his famous writing about Situational Crime Prevention. Access control is a concept of some symbolic or physical barrier used to select and determine the mobility entry or exit of human. This concept is also potential to be develop on to it is own concept of security system. This research is about how to implement access control concept as a security system concept. Research was conducted at PT "X", an 35 years old foreign investment company, which is it site located at Pasar rebo District, East Jakarta. PT. "X" is a pharmaceutical company, producing gynecological product including oral contraception, which one of their most famous product is Pil KB Lingkaran Biru. Like others modem pharmaceutical company, PT "X" implement high standard of management principle and quality control, to each function under this company organization, including security function. Also like other manufacturing company, the community inside this company characterize by functional relationship, which then lead their employee into some unique relationship which colored by sub unit bonding in company structure, such as Department division or Section. This condition also become basic consideration to determine the mobility and access of each person who has interest to enter any space or room inside these company site. There are four element, choose as basic requirement if access control like to implemented in these company. Those element are administrational, technical, organizational and personal aspect. All this aspect has correlation and supporting as a system. Administrational aspect gives legitimation and power, technical aspect is a supporting tools to make the program runs easier and possible. Organizational aspect describe procedure and mechanism to do the system. Personal aspect lead to share responsibility and function for each unit in the security system. There are still no guarantee that system base on access control concept can or effective in reducing crime in a work place. But At least, access control can be used as a concept to build a security system at other industrial site which might have same characteristic and with same method."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya dualisme status hakim sebagai pejabat negara dan pegawai negeri sipil dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, dan jaminan keamanan dan kesejahteraan hakim terfokus pada gaji pokok, tunjangan hakim, dan kemahalan saat sedang bertugas, sedangkan tunjangan tersebut dan jaminan lain belum diatur secara komprehensif ideal (dalam konteks jelas dan rinci bagi hakim dan keluarga dimulai dari hakim sebagai calon hakim sampai dengan pensiun) sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Putusan Nomor 37/PUU-X/2012, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2012 tentang Hak Keuangan dan Fasilitas Hakim Yang Berada Di Bawah Mahkamah Agung. Sebagai pijakan teoritis, penelitian ini menggunakan teori negara hukum menurut Muchtar Kusumaatmaja, kekuasaan kehakiman menurut Paulus E Lotulung, dan keadilan menurut John Rawls. Hakim sebagai pejabat negara merupakan personifikasi dari kekuasaan kehakiman yang menjadi aktor sentral dalam penegakan hukum di Indonesia dengan putusan yang memiliki rasa keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Implikasi teoritis menunjukan bahwa upaya menjamin kemerdekaan dan independensi hakim dalam memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara berhubungan erat dengan jaminan tersebut. Jadi wajib dilakukan harmonisasi mengenai status hakim sebagai pejabat negara dan adanya kriteria jaminan keamanan dan kesejahetraan hakim yang komprehensif ideal.

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ABSTRACTThis research is motivated dualism judge status as state officials and civil servants in the legislation, and the security and welfare of the judge focused on the basic salary, allowances of judges, and the expensiveness while on duty, while the allowances and other guarantees have not been comprehensively regulated ideal (in the context of clear and detailed for the judge and the family started from the judge as a potential judge until retirement) as referred to in Article 48 of Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power, Decision No. 37/PUU-X/2012, and Government Regulation number 94 of 2012 on the Rights of the Finance and Facilities Judges Being under the Supreme Court. As a theoretical foundation, this study uses the theory of law by Mochtar Kusumaatmaja, judicial authorities according to Paul E Lotulung, and justice according to John Rawls. Judges as state officials is the personification of the judiciary became a central actor in law enforcement in Indonesia with a decision that has a sense of justice, expediency and legal certainty. This study uses normative legal research. Theoretical implications indicate that the efforts to preserve the independence and the independence of judges to examine, hear and decide cases closely related to these guarantees. So mandatory harmonization of the status of judges as state officials and the security criteria of a comprehensive and well-being of an ideal judge."

"Perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim diawali oleh perdebatan konseptual mengenai sea power. Konsepsi keamanan maritim itu sendiri pertama kali muncul di Barat pada tahun 1990-an akibat dari mencuatnya kasus-kasus kejahatan maritim, seperti terorisme maritim, pembajakan dan perampokan bersenjata, penangkapan ikan ilegal, perdagangan manusia, dan pencemaran laut. Tinjauan pustaka ini menggunakan kerangka matriks keamanan maritim Bueger untuk mendefinisikan konsep keamanan maritim Indonesia yang berusaha melihat hubungan antara keamanan maritim dengan konsep lain yang berkaitan. Setidaknya terdapat empat konsep yang berkaitan dengan keamanan maritim, yaitu (1) keamanan nasional, (2) keamanan laut, (3) ekonomi biru, dan (4) keamanan insani. Tinjauan pustaka ini menyajikan perkembangan keamanan maritim Indonesia melalui keempat perspektif tersebut, serta bahasan minor yang kemudian muncul dalam literatur-literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia. Melalui keempat perspektif tersebut, penulis mencermati bahwa cakupan bahasan dalam literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia adalah bahasan mengenai keamanan laut, penanggulangan isu dan ancaman maritim, pengaturan kebijakan dan regulasi maritim, serta strategi maritim. Tinjauan pustaka ini juga memperlihatkan area konsensus berupa konsep keamanan maritim dapat ditelusuri maknanya dengan melihat korelasinya pada tema lain yang berkaitan, tumpang tindih kewenangan antar institusi maritim, TNI AL sebagai kekuatan utama maritim, dan ancaman keamanan maritim. Area perdebatan berupa keamanan maritim dalam studi keamanan, tradisional vs non-tradisional; perspektif keamanan nasional dalam diplomasi maritim Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia, memudar vs tidak memudar; komando keamanan maritim, multi-agen vs single-agen; serta keamanan maritim Indonesia dalam rule-based order vs realpolitik. Kesenjangan literatur yang ditemukan berupa minimnya jumlah literatur dalam bentuk buku (monograf) maupun bab dalam buku mengenai perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim yang ditulis oleh penulis Indonesia dan masih sedikit literatur yang berisi pembahasan menyeluruh mengenai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tugas pokok dan fungsi (Tupoksi) 12 instansi keamanan laut, yang menyebabkan tumpang tindihnya kewenangan antara instansi maritim. Selain itu, tinjauan pustaka ini juga menunjukkan persebaran asal penulis literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia dan paradigma ilmu hubungan internasional yang digunakan dalam literaturnya masing-masing. Tinjauan pustaka ini kemudian juga merekomendasikan penelitian lanjutan perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim Indonesia menggunakan dua kerangka lainnya dari Bueger, yaitu (1) kerangka sekuritisasi maritim dan (2) Praktik Keamanan dan Komunitas Praktik.

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The conceptual debate on maritime security was preceded by a conceptual debate regarding sea power. The concept of maritime security itself first appeared in the West in the 1990s as a result of the emergence of cases of maritime crimes, such as maritime terrorism, piracy and armed robbery, illegal fishing, human trafficking, and marine pollution. This literature review uses the Bueger maritime security matrix framework to define the concept of Indonesian maritime security which seeks to see the relationship between maritime security and other related concepts. There are at least four concepts related to maritime security, namely (1) national security, (2) maritime security, (3) blue economy, and (4) human security. This literature review presents the development of Indonesia’s maritime security through these four perspectives, as well as minor discussions that have subsequently appeared in the Indonesia’s maritime security literature. Through these four perspectives, the authors observe that the scope of discussion in the Indonesian maritime security literature is the discussion of maritime security, overcoming maritime issues and threats, setting maritime policies and regulations, and maritime strategy. This literature review also shows consensus area in Indonesia’s maritime security can be traced by looking at its correlation to other related themes, overlapping authority between maritime institutions, the Indonesian Navy as the main maritime power, and maritime security threats. The area of debate are: maritime security in security studies, traditional vs non-traditional; the perspective of national security in Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy as the Global Maritime Fulcrum, fades vs does not fade; maritime security commando, multi-agent vs single-agent; and Indonesia’s maritime security in rule-based order vs realpolitik. Literature gaps found are: lack of literature in the form of books (monographs) and chapters in books that discussed the conceptual debate of maritime security written by Indonesian authors and there is only a small amount of literature that contains a comprehensive discussion of the laws and regulations governing main tasks and functions (Tupoksi), which causes overlapping authority between maritime agencies. In addition, this literature review also shows the distribution of authors’ origins of Indonesian maritime security literature and the paradigm of international relations used in their respective literature. This literature review then also recommends further research into the conceptual debate of Indonesia’s maritime security using two other frameworks from Bueger, namely (1) maritime securitization framework and (2) Security Practices and Community of Practice."

"Dua dekade sejak dimulainya era reformasi dan kebebasan pers, kasus kekerasan terhadap jurnalis masih terjadi. Banyak kajian terkait keselamatan jurnalis yang dikembangkan dengan melihat dari sisi hilir atau kuratif yaitu penanganan pasca terjadinya kekerasan di lapangan. Hal ini menunjukkan kurangnya kesadaran preventif terhadap keselamatan jurnalis baik dari pembuat kebijakan, perusahaan media, maupun jurnalis individu, salah satunya adalah pemberian pelatihan keselamatan bagi jurnalis yang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman jurnalis tentang urgensi keselamatan dan keamanan jurnalis saat meliput area berisiko. Informan adalah jurnalis yang mengikuti pelatihan keselamatan yang dilakukan untuk mendukung kinerja di area berisiko dan untuk membangun budaya keselamatan dalam praktik jurnalisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Peneliti menemukan bahwa jurnalis yang mengikuti pelatihan keselamatan memiliki pemahaman tentang urgensi keselamatan dalam domain kognitif dan siap untuk ditempatkan di area berisiko. Kajian ini menyarankan kepada pihak-pihak terkait, khususnya institusi media, untuk merealisasikan penyelenggaraan pelatihan keselamatan yang lebih masif dan mudah diakses sebagai langkah efektif dalam menanamkan pemahaman tentang urgensi keselamatan dan sebagai solusi strategis isu keselamatan jurnalis.

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Two decades since the start of the reform era and press freedom, cases of violence against journalists are still happening. Many studies related to the safety of journalists have been developed by looking at the downstream or curative side, namely handling after the occurrence of violence in the field. This shows the lack of preventive awareness of journalist safety from policy makers, media companies, and individual journalists, one of which is the provision of safety training for journalists which is still limited. This study aims to describe journalists' understanding of the urgency of the safety and security of journalists when covering risk areas. Informants are journalists who attend safety training conducted to support performance in risk areas and to build a culture of safety in journalism practice. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through in-depth interview techniques and literature study. Researchers found that journalists who attended safety training had an understanding of the urgency of safety in the cognitive domain and were prepared to be placed in risk areas. This study recommends the relevant parties, especially media institutions, to realize the implementation of a more massive and accessible safety training as an effective step in instilling an understanding of the urgency of safety and as a strategic solution to the issue of journalist safety."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota ASEAN, memiliki prioritas yang jelas dalam upaya peningkatan hubungan dan politik luar negerinya. ASEAN terus berupaya mengembangkan tingkat perekonomian serta stabilitas keamanan regional melalui Komunitas ASEAN 2015, salah satunya adalah ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kerjasama politik dan keamanan diantara anggota ASEAN. Melihat kondisi keamanan kawasan saat ini, diperlukan langkah proaktif untuk menyikapi masalah keamanan di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Dengan memanfaatkan fungsi APSC, Indonesia berpeluang untuk meredakan konflik di kawasan Asia Tenggara melalui penguatan intelligence sharing diantara negara anggota ASEAN. Penelitian ini berupaya menunjukkan implementasi konsep intelligence sharing dan konsep security community untuk menjelaskan pembangunan kawasan yang stabil melalui cara-cara damai sehingga aspek mutual trust dan collective identity di Asia Tenggara terpenuhi.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia as one of ASEAN members has a clear priority effort to enhance its relationship and foreign policy. ASEAN keep trying to develop the economic level and the regional security stability through ASEAN Community by 2015, one of them are ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC), which aims to improve the political and security cooperation amongst ASEAN?s members. Seeing the current regional security?s condition, it needs a proactive step to respond the regional security problems in Southeast Asia. By utilizing the function of APSC, Indonesia has chance to ease the conflict in Southeast Asia?s region through intelligence sharing?s enhancing amongst ASEAN?s countries members. This research tries to show the implementation of the intelligence sharing?s concept and the concept of security community to explain a stable regional development through peaceful means so the aspect of mutual trust and collective identity in Southeast Asia fulfilled., Indonesia as one of ASEAN’s members has a clear priority effort to enhance its relationship and foreign policy. ASEAN keep trying to develop the economic level and the regional security stability through ASEAN Community by 2015, one of them are ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC), which aims to improve the political and security cooperation amongst ASEAN’s members. Seeing the current regional security’s condition, it needs a proactive step to respond the regional security problems in Southeast Asia. By utilizing the function of APSC, Indonesia has chance to ease the conflict in Southeast Asia’s region through intelligence sharing’s enhancing amongst ASEAN’s countries members. This research tries to show the implementation of the intelligence sharing’s concept and the concept of security community to explain a stable regional development through peaceful means so the aspect of mutual trust and collective identity in Southeast Asia fulfilled.]"