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"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengampunan dan persepsi dukungan sosial, serta interaksi keduanya dapat memprediksi keparahan gejala Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) pada korban kekerasan dalam hubungan romantis oleh pasangan atau intimate personal violence (IPV). Sebanyak 58 individu berusia minimal 18 tahun, pernah menjadi korban IPV, serta sudah keluar dari hubungan yang penuh kekerasan diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner. Hasil analisis metode regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tidak terdapat interaksi diantara keduanya (β = -0,104, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05), namun pengampunan (β = -0,355, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05) dan persepsi dukungan sosial (β = - 0,326, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05) secara signifikan memengaruhi gejala PTSD (R2 = 0,370, p < 0,05). Dengan demikian, pengampunan dan persepsi dukungan sosial yang tinggi pada korban IPV dapat memprediksi rendahnya gejala PTSD. Temuan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai landasan perancangan intevensi pascatrauma yang berfokus pada pengampunan dan persepsi dukungan sosial bagi korban IPV.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze how forgiveness and perceived social support, and the interactions between both can predict the severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in intimate personal violence (IPV) victims. A total of 58 samples aged at least 18-year old, who had a history of IPV and no longer involved in the abusive relationship were asked to fill questionnaires. Using multiple regression analysis method, the result shows that even there is no interactions between both (β = -0,104, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05), forgiveness (β = -0,355, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05) along with perceived social support (β = -0,326, F (5,52) = 6,106, p < 0,05) significantly predicts PTSD symptoms (R2 = 0,370, p < 0,05). In conclusion, high level of forgiveness and perceived social support can predict low severity of PTSD symptoms. This finding may prove useful in designing post-traumatic intervention methods that focuses on forgiveness and perceived social support for IPV survivors."

"Anak merupakan peristiwa traumatis yang sangat menyakitkan bagi orang tua yang ditinggalkan. Perjuangan dalam memaknai peristiwa kehilangan tersebut dapat memunculkan pertumbuhan positif atau post-traumatic growth pada beberapa orang tua. Tidak semua individu yang melalui peristiwa traumatis pasti mengalami post-traumatic growth sehingga pemahaman akan faktor sosial dan faktor individual yang memengaruhi kemunculan post-traumatic growth menjadi penting. Penelitian ini melihat peran persepsi dukungan sosial dan forgiveness dalam memprediksi post-traumatic growth pada orang tua yang mengalami kematian anak. Responden penelitian ini adalah 38 orang tua yang mengalami kematian anak dalam enam tahun terakhir. Responden diminta untuk mengisi alat ukur Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), dan Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Hasil analisis metode regresi berganda antara persepsi dukungan sosial dan forgiveness terhadap PTG menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (R2 = 0,223, p < 0,05). Dari kedua prediktor, hanya persepsi dukungan sosial (β = 0,448, F(2, 35) = 5,034, p < 0,01) yang secara signifikan memprediksi post-traumatic growth, sedangkan forgiveness (β = 0,087, F(2, 35) = 5,034, p > 0,05) tidak signifikan dalam memprediksi post-traumatic growth. Persepsi dukungan sosial yang positif dapat membantu orang tua untuk memaknai kehilangan yang dialami secara lebih efektif dan berdampak pada kemunculan

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The death of a child is a traumatic experience for the parents of the deceased. Nevertheless, the struggle to make meaning out of the loss experienced may induce positive changes, known as post-traumatic growth, among some bereaved parents. Post-traumatic growth does not happen in all individuals after encountering a traumatic event, hence effort to understand the social and individual factors which influence post-traumatic growth is much needed. This study aims to investigate the role of perceived social support and forgiveness in predicting post-traumatic growth among bereaved parents. A total of 38 parents who experienced child loss in the last six years completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Multiple regression analyses showed that perceived social support and forgiveness significantly predicted post-traumatic growth (R2 = 0,223, < 0,05). Among the two predictors, perceived social support significantly predicted post-traumatic growth (β = 0,448, F(2, 35) = 5,034, p < 0,01), whereas forgiveness did not (β = 0,087, F(2, 35) = 5,034, p 0,05). It is found that higher perceived social support helps parents to cope with the loss more effectively and effects the emergence of post-traumatic growth."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat antara forgiveness dan self-efficacy terhadap gejala PTSD pada korban intimate partner violence (IPV). Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 75 korban IPV dan lolos alat screening Partner Violence Screen. Alat ukur yang dipakai yakni PCL-5, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, dan General Self-Efficacy. Hasil analisis multiple regression menunjukan bahwa forgiveness (β = -0,416, p < 0,01) dapat memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Self-efficacy (β = 0,36, p > 0,05) tidak dapat memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Uji interaksi menunjukan tidak ada interaksi yang signifikan antara forgiveness dan self efficacy (β = 0,103, p > 0,05) dalam memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai studi tambahan terkait faktor protektif internal dalam menurunkan gejala PTSD dan sebagai acuan studi selanjutnya terkait faktor protektif internal terhadap PTSD pada konteks IPV.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between forgiveness and self-efficacy against PTSD symptoms in victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). The participants in this study were 75 IPV victims and passed Partner Violence Screen Test. There were three instruments used which were PCL-5, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and General Self-Efficacy. The results of multiple regression analysis show that forgiveness (β = -0.416, p <0.01) can predict a decrease in PTSD symptoms. Meanwhile Self-efficacy (β = 0.36, p> 0.05) cannot predict a decrease in PTSD symptoms. The interaction test shows that there is no significantinteraction between forgiveness and self efficacy (β = 0.103, p> 0.05) in predicting a decrease in PTSD symptoms. This study is useful as an additional study related to internal protective factors in reducing symptoms of PTSD and as a reference for further studies related to PTSD in the context of IPV."

"Kejadian erupsi gunung merapi pada akhir tahun 2010 tercatat sebagai letusan terbesar selama 100 tahun terakhir. Sebagian korban yang selamat dari bencana (penyintas bencana) mengalami dampak psikologis yang serius dan jangka panjang yakni Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Terapi yang diberikan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yakni terapi generalis dan Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). Tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi CBT terhadap perubahan tanda dan gejala PTSD serta kemampuan mengatasi PTSD pasca erupsi merapi. Desain penelitian quasi experimental pre-post test with control group, sampel sejumlah 52 orang kelompok intervensi dan 52 orang kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling. Kelompok intervensi diberikan terapi generalis dan CBT, kelompok kontrol diberikan terapi generalis. Instrument yang digunakan yakni PCL-5 dan Thought Control Questionnair (TCQ). Kedua instrumen ini telah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas sebelumnya dan penelitian ini sudah dinyatakan lulus uji etik. Uji analisis menggunakan Anova, Chi-square dan independent test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terjadi penurunan tanda gejala PTSD dan peningkatan kemampuan merubah pikiran negatif yang signifikan pada kelompok yang mendapatkan terapi generalis dan terapi generalis dan CBT (P value < 0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan tanda gejala PTSD pada kelompok yang mendapatkan terapi generalis dan kelompok yang mendapat CBT (P value < 0,05). Terapi generalis dan CBT direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu terapi untuk penanganan korban bencana yang mengalami PTSD.

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The eruption of Mount Merapi at the end of 2010 was recorded as the biggest eruption in the last 100 years. Some survivors of disasters (disaster survivors) experience serious and long-term psychological effects namely Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Therapy given to overcome these problems is generalist therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). The aim was to determine the effect of CBT therapy on changes in PTSD signs and symptoms as well as the ability to overcome PTSD after the eruption of Merapi. The research design was quasi experimental pre-post test with control group, a sample of 52 intervention groups and 52 control groups. Random sampling technique. The intervention group was given generalist therapy and CBT, the control group was given generalist therapy. The instruments used were PCL-5 and Thought Control Questionnair (TCQ). Both of these instruments have passed the validity and reliability tests before and this research has been declared to have passed the ethical test. The analysis test uses Chi-square, Anova, Wilcoxon and Man Whitney. The results of the analysis showed a decrease in PTSD symptoms and an increase in the ability to change negative thoughts significantly in the group receiving generalist therapy and generalist therapy and CBT (P value <0.05). There were significant differences in changes in PTSD symptoms in the group receiving generalist therapy and the group receiving CBT (P value <0.05). Generalist therapy and CBT are recommended as one of the treatments for treating victims of PTSD."

"Sejumlah riset telah menemukan adanya peran dukungan sosial dalam memoderasi hubungan antara intimate partner violence (IPV) dan depresi. Namun limitasi yang secara konsisten ditemukan dari riset terdahulu adalah sampel penelitian yang cenderung berfokus hanya pada perempuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara IPV dan depresi dengan peran dukungan sosial sebagai moderator tidak hanya pada perempuan, tetapi juga pada laki-laki. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R), dan Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Partisipan penelitian merupakan 148 perempuan dan 48 laki-laki dalam tahap perkembangan emerging adulthood. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara setiap variabel. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial bukan merupakan moderator yang signifikan terhadap hubungan antara IPV dan depresi. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti membahas kemungkinan alasan dan implikasi dari temuan tersebut.

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A number of studies have found the role of social support in moderating the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression. However, the limitations that have been consistently found from previous research are samples that tend to focus only on women. This research was conducted to see the relationship between IPV and depression with the role of social support as a moderator not only in women, but also in men. The measurement instruments used in this study are the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Research participants consist of 148 females and 48 males in the developmental stage of emerging adulthood. The results show that there are significant correlations between each variable. The results also show that social support is not a significant moderator of the relationship between IPV and depression. In this study, the researcher discusses the possible reasons for and implications of these findings."

"Intimate partner violence (IPV) merupakan suatu fenomena global yang jumlahnya terus meningkat dan kerap terjadi pada masa emerging adulthood dan banyak ditemukan di Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta. Pengalaman menjadi korban IPV memiliki berbagai dampak negatif, salah satunya adalah mengalami depresi. Meski begitu, kemungkinan terjadinya dampak depresi dapat diminimalisir dengan kehadiran faktor protektif, yaitu self-esteem. Penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk melihat peran moderasi self-esteem pada hubungan antara IPV dan depresi pada emerging adult di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini melibatkan 196 partisipan. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan kuesioner dengan alat ukur The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS2), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R), dan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Hasil analisis Pearson Correlation menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara IPV dan depresi (r = 0,667, p < 0,01, two-tailed), IPV dan self-esteem (r = -0.537, p < 0,01, two-tailed), serta self-esteem dan depresi (r = -0,788, p < 0,01, two-tailed). Meski begitu, analisis regresi menggunakan PROCESS Model 1 Hayes menunjukkan tidak adanya peran moderasi yang signifikan dari self-esteem pada hubungan IPV dan depresi (? = -0,01, t = -1,338, p > 0,05). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan terkait IPV, depresi, dan self-esteem.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global phenomenon whose number continues to increase and often occurs during emerging adulthood and commonly found in the capital city of DKI Jakarta. The experience of being a victim of IPV has various negative impacts, one of which is experiencing depression. Even so, the possibility of the impact of depression can be minimized by the presence of a protective factor, namely self-esteem. This study then aims to look at the moderating role of self-esteem on the relationship between IPV and depression in emerging adults in DKI Jakarta. This study involved 196 participants. The research was carried out online using a questionnaire with The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS2), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) measuring tools. The results of the Pearson Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between IPV and depression (r = 0.667, p <0.01, two-tailed), IPV and self-esteem (r = -0.511, p <0.01, two-tailed), as well as self-esteem and depression (r = -0.788, p <0.01, two-tailed). Even so, regression analysis using Hayes' PROCESS Model 1 showed no significant moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between IPV and depression (? = -0.01, t = -1.338, p > 0.05). This research is expected to add knowledge regarding IPV, depression, and self-esteem."