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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi dan trauma oklusi merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung penyebab penyakit periodontal. Belum ada penelitian mengenai analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal di Indonesia. Tujuan: Memperoleh analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal. Metode: Studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan potong lintang dari rekam medik Departemen Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode 2012-2017. Hasil: Didapatkan 184 subjek yang mengalami kehilangan gigi molar pertama (M1) mandibula dengan jumlah kasus trauma oklusi terjadi pada 42 gigi premolar kedua (P2) mandibula dan 63 gigi molar kedua (M2) mandibula. Trauma oklusi yang terjadi pada P2 dan M2 mandibula memiliki nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan keadaan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi P2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi M2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Kesimpulan: Kehilangan gigi M1 mandibula dengan trauma oklusi berpengaruh terhadap resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada gigi P2 dan M2 mandibula.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Tooth loss and trauma from occlusion are kind of factors that contributing in periodontal disease. There has been no research on the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status in Indonesia. Objective: Get the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status. Method: A cross-sectional study using medical records in Department of Periodontics RSKGM FKG UI 2012-2017. Result: There were 184 subjects that had mandibular first molar (M1) loss with total 42 mandibular second premolar (P2) and 63 mandibular second molar (M2) cases related to trauma from occlusion (TFO). Gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment of P2 and M2 mandibular teeth with TFO were worse than non-TFO. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment between P2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession and loss of attachment between M2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. Conclusion:  Mandibular first molar loss with trauma from occlusion is related to gingival recession, pocket depth, and lost of attachment on mandibular second premolar and mandibular second molar."

"Latar Belakang: Gigi impaksi merupakan kondisi ketika gigi mengalami kegagalan untuk erupsi sepenuhnya ke lengkung gigi dalam waktu yang diharapkan. Berdasarkan frekuensi kejadiannya, gigi molar tiga rahang bawah (M3 RB) paling sering mengalami impaksi dengan prevalensi mencapai 60.6% di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor lokal utama terjadinya gigi M3 RB impaksi adalah kurangnya ruang pada lengkung rahang bawah yang sering dikaitkan dengan proses pertumbuhan tulang mandibula. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa ukuran morfologi tulang mandibula yang mencerminkan kuantitas dan arah pertumbuhan tulang seperti tinggi simfisis mandibula, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan morfologi tulang mandibula. Metode: Sebanyak 110 sampel sisi rahang bawah diperoleh dari 67 data radiografi panoramik digital pasien RSKGM FKG UI (50 perempuan dan 17 laki-laki; usia: 21.22–30.91 tahun). Sampel yang tersedia kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang mengalami impaksi baik fully unerupted atau partially erupted) dan kelompok kontrol (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang erupsi sempurna) untuk dilakukan perbandingan. Pada studi ini, uji-t independen dan uji Anova 1 arah digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi normal. Di sisi lain, uji Mann-Whitney U dan Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil: Tinggi simfisis mandibula dan sudut gonial secara statistik (p < 0.05) lebih rendah pada kelompok kasus. Sementara itu, panjang badan mandibula antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol tidak berbeda secara statistik (p > 0.05). Pada hasil tinjauan pasien laki-laki saja, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan tinggi simfisis, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol secara statistik (p > 0.05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial. Semakin kecil ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial, semakin besar kemungkinan gigi M3 RB mengalami impaksi. Di sisi lain, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran panjang badan mandibula.

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Background: An impacted tooth is a condition when a tooth fails to fully erupt into the dental arch within the expected time. Based on the frequency of occurrence, the mandibular third molar (M3M) is the most frequently impacted with a prevalence of 60.6% in Indonesia. One of the main local factors for impacted M3M is the lack of space in the lower arch which is often associated with the growth process of the mandibular bone. Several studies have shown that the size of the mandibular bone morphology that reflects the quantity and direction of bone growth such as symphisis mandibular height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle has the potential to influence the occurance of impacted M3M.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular bone morphology.

Methods: A total of 110 samples of the mandibular side were obtained from 67 digital panoramic radiographic data of RSKGM FKG UI patients (50 women and 17 men; age: 21.22–30.91 years). The data were then divided into the case group (jaw side with M3M that were fully unerupted or partially erupted) and the control group (jaw side with M3M that fully erupted) for comparison. In this study, an independent t-test and 1-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of M3M and their classification with the morphology of the mandible in normally distributed data. On the other hand, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of the M3M tooth and its classification with the morphology of the mandible bone in abnormally distributed data.

Results: Symphisis mandibular height and gonial angle were statistically (p < 0.05) lower in the case group. Meanwhile, the mandibular body length between the case group and the control group was not statistically different (p > 0.05). In the results of the review of male patients only, there was no statistical difference in symphisis height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle between the case group and control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M with the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle. The smaller the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle, the more likely the M3M to experience impaction. On the other hand, there was no relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular body length."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang sering ditemui dan dapat terjadi pada semua orang dengan keadaan rongga mulut. Pasien yang datang ke klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI terdiri dari berbagai kelompok dengan keadaan rongga mulut yang berbeda-beda serta memiliki faktor risiko yang berbeda pula, terutama pada gigi anterior mandibula yang rentan terhadap penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Mendapatkan distribusi kelainan periodontal pada gigi anterior mandibula serta hubungannya dengan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhinya pada pasien di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis RSKGM FKG UI periode 2016 2018. Hasil: Distribusi kelainan periodontal lebih sering terdapat pada kelompok usia lansia (45-65 tahun) dan pada laki-laki. Distribusi mobilitas terbanyak ditemukan pada gigi 31 dan kelompok usia lansia (45-65 tahun); resesi gingiva terbanyak terdapat pada gigi 31, ukuran resesi gingiva terbanyak adalah <3 mm; poket periodontal terbanyak terdapat pada gigi 43, kedalaman poket terbanyak adalah 1-3 mm; kehilangan perlekatan klinis terbanyak terdapat pada gigi 42, kehilangan perlekatan klinis terbanyak adalah >5 mm; kerusakan tulang alveolar terbanyak ditemukan pada gigi 42 dan kelompok usia lansia (45-65 tahun). Distribusi trauma oklusi terbanyak terdapat pada gigi 41, penyebab trauma yang paling sering ialah blocking. Kelainan periodontal lebih sering terdapat pada gigi yang memiliki kelainan titik kontak. Kesimpulan: Kelompok persentase usia terbesar adalah lansia (48,16%), jenis kelamin tertinggi adalah perempuan (50,28%), mayoritas pasien memiliki OHIS buruk (50,28%), dan PBI yang ringan (46,33%). Kelainan periodontal yang dijumpai pada gigi anterior mandibula adalah 34,75% subjek memiliki mobilitas gigi; 72,03% subjek mengalami resesi gingiva; 79,94% subjek memiliki poket absolut; 82,34% subjek memiliki kehilangan perlekatan klinis; dan 61,02% subjek memiliki kerusakan tulang alveolar. Faktor risiko lokal meliputi trauma oklusi dimana 57,77% subjek mengalami trauma oklusi; 83,47% subjek memiliki gigi berjejal pada gigi anterior mandibula; dan 90,82% subjek memiliki kelainan titik kontak."

""ABSTRAK"Latar Belakang: Impaksi makanan merupakan salah satu faktor lokal penyebab penyakit periodontal. Belum ada penelitian mengenai evaluasi impaksi makanan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Memperoleh evaluasi klinis dan radiografis impaksi makanan gigi posterior serta hubungannya dengan jaringan periodontal. Metode: Studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan potong lintang dari rekam medik RSKGM FKG UI periode 2015-2016. Hasil: Didapatkan 53 subjek yang mengalami impaksi makanan di regio posterior dengan jumlah 124 kasus. Impaksi makanan lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki, kelompok usia yang lebih tua, di ruang interdental antara molar-1 dan molar-2 maksila maupun mandibula. Kesimpulan: Impaksi makanan paling sering terjadi akibat hilangnya kontak proksimal pada gigi 47, dengan kedalaman poket absolut dan kehilangan perlekatan sebesar 4-6 mm. Kerusakan tulang paling sering mencapai 1/3 servikal akar dengan pola vertikal, disertai dengan pelebaran ruang periodontal dan kerusakan lamina dura."

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""ABSTRACT"Background Food impaction is one of the local factors contributing in periodontal diseases. There has been no research on the evaluation of food impaction in Indonesia. Objective Get the clinical and radiograph evaluation of food impaction in posterior teeth and its relationship with periodontal tissues. Method A cross sectional study using medical records in RSKGM FKG UI 2015 2016. Result There were 53 subjects that had food impaction in posterior teeth with total 124 cases. Food impaction is found more frequently in male subjects, elderly, and in interdental spaces between first and second molars in both maxilla and mandible. Conclusion The most common etiology is the loss of proximal contact in 47, with 4 6 mm periodontal pocket depth and attachment loss. Bone destruction vertically reaches 1 3 of tooth cervix."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Crossbite merupakan salah satu maloklusi yang sering ditemukan di masyarakat. Crossbite dapat menyebabkan trauma oklusi yang dapat memperberat penyakit periodontal. Masih jarang dijumpai penelitian yang langsung menghubungkan pengaruh crossbite terhadap jaringan periodontal. Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan crossbite dengan status periodontal. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional pada 68 subjek normalbite dan 68 subjek crossbite menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 20010-2015. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 rerata resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan, dan perdarahan gingiva pada subjek normalbite dibandingkan dengan subjek crossbite. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna.

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ABSTRACTBackground Crossbite is one of the most common malocclusion found in the society. Crossbite is a potential cause of trauma from occlusion and can be a cofactor of periodontal diseases. However, research on the effects of crossbite on periodontium is still rare. Objective To analyze the relationship between crossbite and periodontal status. Method A cross sectional study of 68 subjects with normalbite and 68 subjects with crossbite using dental records of patients in Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015. Data was statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney test. Result There were no statistically significant differences p 0,05 in the mean values of gingival recession, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding between normalbite and crossbite groups. However, statistically significant difference."

"Latar Belakang: Angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi timbulnya berbagai keadaan patologis di rongga mulut. Di sisi lain, jarak antara distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah dan ascending ramus memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan erupsi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin dan suku berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kedua hal tersebut. Tujuan: Meneliti hubungan antara angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus dengan jenis kelamin dan suku. Metode: Radiograf panoramik diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2018 – Desember 2018. Hasil perhitungan dihubungkan ke deskripsi jenis kelamin dan suku pasien yang tertera pada rekam medik. Hasil Penelitian: Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus menujukkan nilai p = 0.016 (p < 0.05). Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p = 0.28 (p >0.05). Hubungan antara suku terhadap jarak antara gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p >0.05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin pasien dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara suku dengan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus.

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Background: Impacted mandibular third molar angulation is related to several pathological oral conditions. The width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus influences the likelyhood of there being an impacted mandibular third molar. Several studies suggests that both gender and ethnicity may play a role on determining the former and latter. Objective: Study the influence of patient gender and ethnicity towards impacted mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Method: Patient medical records containing panoramic radiographs are collected. Measurements of angulation and space width are conducted using a ruler and ruler arc. Measurement results will be correlated to patient gender and ethnicity written on medical record. Result: Relationship between patient gender and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value of 0.016 (p < 0.05). Relationship between gender and mandibular third molar angulation resulted in a p value of 0.28 (p > 0.05). The impact of ethnicity towards both mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value higher than 0.05. Conclusion: Gender has a significant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Gender and ethnicity has an insignificant influence on mandibular third molar angulation. Ethnicity has an insignificant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus."

"Impacted third mandibular molar seems as a common and easy case but actually a difficult one when the odontectomy proceeds. besides, another unpredicted problems ofte appear such as fractured lip, traumatized and damaged of the mandibular canal. To decide the odontectomy procedure, a dentist has to do the examination systematically. In this case, radiographic examination is very important to perceive the location as well as shape of the third molar, especially its position to the adjacent anatomic structure that has to be considered during operation. This whole view will help dentist to decide appropriate approach.A special radiographic examination enables dentist to predict the treatment result more accurately, since the location and shape of the tooth correctly perceived. With this more complete diagnostic information, an appropriate treatment plan could be arranged and unfavorable risk could be limited, therefore complication and failure could be avoided."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penggunaan alat ortodonti cekat dapat mempersulit pembersihan gigi karena komponen alat ortodonti cekat mampu melindungi plak gigi dari pembersihan mekanis. Akibat dari buruknya oral hygiene, lingkungan rongga mulut dapat berisiko mengalami kondisi patologis pada jaringan periodontal, salah satunya periodontitis kronis. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui evaluasi gigi geligi yang mengalami periodontitis kronis pada kasus pemakai alat ortodonti cekat. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif pada 76 subjek yang mengalami periodontitis kronis serta memakai alat ortodonti cekat, menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2008-2017. Hasil: Frekuensi periodontitis kronis pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat lebih sering pada gigi-gigi rahang bawah (51,3%), khususnya regio rahang bawah posterior (28,1%). Kelompok gigi dengan frekuensi periodontitis kronis tertinggi pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah kelompok gigi insisif (31,3%), khususnya elemen gigi 11 (4,6%). Sisi dengan frekuensi poket periodontal dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi distal (32,6%). Sisi dengan frekuensi resesi gingiva tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi bukal (32,6%). Kesimpulan: Periodontitis kronis pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat lebih sering pada gigi-gigi rahang bawah, khususnya regio rahang bawah posterior. Kelompok gigi dengan frekuensi periodontitis kronis tertinggi pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah kelompok gigi insisif, khususnya elemen gigi 11. Sisi dengan frekuensi poket periodontal dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi distal. Sisi dengan frekuensi resesi gingiva tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi bukal.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Usage of fixed orthodontic appliances could cause difficulty on oral cleansing because its components could protect dental plaque from mechanical cleansing. The consequence of bad oral hygiene leads to an oral environment that could be at risk for pathological conditions in periodontal tissues, such as chronic periodontitis. Objective: To understand the dental evaluation of chronic periodontitis in cases of fixed orthodontic patients. Method: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 76 subjects that have chronic periodontitis and also using fixed orthodontic appliances, by using medical records of Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI in period of 2008 - 2017. Result: The frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances is more frequent in the mandibular teeth (51.3%), especially the posterior mandibular region (28.1%). The group of teeth with the highest frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances was the incisors (31.3%), especially the 11 tooth element (4.6%). The side with highest frequency of periodontal pocket and clinical attachment loss in patients with chronic periodontitis who use fixed orthodontic appliances is the distal side (32.6%). The side with highest frequency of gingival recession in patients with chronic periodontitis who use fixed orthodontic appliances is the buccal side (32.6%). Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances is more frequent in mandibular teeth, especially the posterior mandibular region. The group of teeth with highest frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontics is the incisor tooth group, especially the 11 tooth element. The side with highest frequency of periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss in patients with chronic periodontitis using fixed orthodontic appliances is the distal side. The side with highest frequency of gingival recession in patients with chronic periodontitis using fixed orthodontic appliances is the buccal side."

"Background: health condition in children has remarkable effect on oral health. Audiotory limitation in deaf children makes them obtain less information, including information of oral and dental health. Most individuals with deafness have poor oral hygiene compared to that in normal children, making them more vulnerable to caries, particularly on mandibular permanent first molars, since these teeth erupted first, so that they have the longest presence within mouth. Objective: to identify the difference of the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children. Methods: analytic observational study using cross-sectional approach from May to June 2009. Population comprised deaf and non-deaf students. Samples were taken using purposive sampling, resulting in 112 samples, each group comprised 56 samples. Materials: nierbecken, sonde, oral mirror, pinset, petri dish, 20% alcohol, cotton roll, cotton pelet, and aquadest. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square test. Result: The number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deafness group was 24 teeth, while that in non-deafness group was 13 teeth. Chi-Square test revealed difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in children with deafness and non-deafness. Conclusion: There is difference in the number of carious mandibular permanent first molars in deaf and non-deaf children."

"ABSTRAKPertumbuhan tulang maksila dan mandibula merupakan suatu hal penting untuk diketahui dokter gigi karena dapat dijadikan sebagai panduan dalam menegakkan diagnosis dan menentukan rencana perawatan yang tepat. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran dan perbedaan panjang maksila dan mandibula pasien pria dan wanita pada maloklusi skeletal kelas I, kelas II, dan kelas III. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 42 rekam medik dan sefalogram pasien berusia ge; 18 tahun. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan analisis McNamara. Hasil: Rerata panjang maksila dan mandibula untuk semua kelas maloklusi skeletal menunjukan pria lebih besar daripada wanita. Hasil uji T tidak berpasangan.

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ABSTRAKBackground The growth of maxillary and mandibular bone is an important thing to know the dentist because it can serve as a guide in establishing the diagnosis and determine the proper treatment plan. Objective to know description and differences between maxillary and mandibular length of male and female patients at skeletal malocclusion class I, class II and class III Methods This study used medical records and sefalogram 42 patients aged ge 18. Measurement performed with McNamara rsquo s Analysis. Results The mean length of the maxillary and mandibular for all classes of skeletal malocclusion showed greater men than women. Results unpaired t test."