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"Annexed to GA Resolution 56/​83 of 2001, the International Law Commission's Articles on Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts put the international law of responsibility on a sound footing. As Special Rapporteur for the second reading, James Crawford helped steer it to a successful conclusion. With this book, he provides a detailed analysis of the general law of international responsibility and the place of state responsibility in particular within that framework. It serves as a companion to The International Law Commission's Articles on State Responsibility: Introduction, Text and Commentaries (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and is essential reading for scholars and practitioners concerned with issues of international responsibility, whether they arise in interstate relations, in the context of arbitration or litigation, or in bringing international claims."

"The immunity or exemption enjoyed by States from legal proceedings before foreign national courts is a crucial area of international law. On the basis of an exhaustive analysis of judicial decisions, international treaties, national legislation, government statements, deliberations in international organisations as well as scholarly opinion, Xiaodong Yang traces the historical development of the relevant doctrine and practice, critically analyses the rationale for restrictive immunity and closely inspects such important exceptions to immunity as commercial transactions, contracts of employment, tortious liability, separate entities, the enforcement of judgments, waiver of immunity and the interplay between State immunity and human rights. The book draws a full picture of the law of State immunity as it currently stands and endeavours to provide useful information and guidance for practitioners, academics and students alike"

"Presently, many of the greatest debates and controversies in international criminal law concern modes of liability for international crimes. The state of the law is unclear, to the detriment of accountability for major crimes and of the uniformity of international criminal law. The present book aims at clarifying the state of the law and provides a thorough analysis of the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals, as well as of the debates and the questions these debates have left open. Renowned international criminal law scholars analyze, in discrete chapters, the modes of liability one by one; for each mode they identify the main trends in the jurisprudence and the main points of controversy. An introduction addresses the cross-cutting issues, and a conclusion anticipates possible evolutions that we may see in the future. The research on which this book is based was undertaken with the Geneva Academy."

"Summary:Exploring theoretical foundations for the distribution of shared responsibility, this book provides a basis for the development of international law."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang keberadaan pengecualian pelanggaran berat HAM dalam hukum internasional mengenai imunitas negara. Pertanyaan dasar yang menjadi pusat penulisan skripsi ini adalah dapat tidaknya imunitas negara di hadapan pengadilan negara lain dikesampingkan bilamana negara yang pertama tersebut telah melakukan pelanggaran berat HAM. Dengan demikian skripsi ini membahas pertemuan/persinggungan antara dua norma dalam hukum internasional. Dalam satu sisi, kedaulatan setiap negara dalam hubungan internasional pada umumnya dianggap sama - dengan demikian satu negara tidak berhak mengadili negara lain karena mereka sejajar. Di sisi lain, pertumbuhan rezim perlindungan terhadap pelanggaran berat HAM telah berkembang sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadisalah satu rezim norma tertinggi dalam hukum internasional - keberadaan tersebut menimbulkan kebutuhan akan penegakan norma dengan lebih pasti. Kepastian penegakkan norma tersebut terkadang terhalang oleh alasan-alasan prosedural jika para korban pelanggaran HAM berat menggantungkan nasibnya pada mahkamah internasional, forum internasional lainnya, dan/atau sistem peradilan negara pelanggar berat HAM itu sendiri.

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This study explains about the existence of the gross human rights violation exception to the international law on state immunity. The core question underlying this study is whether or not it is possible to set aside a state?s jurisdictional immunity in other state in the event that the former state has committed gross human rights violation. Accordingly this study discusses about the intersection between two norms of international law. On one hand, sovereignty of all states is regarded as equal - so as to disable one state to adjudicate other state because they are equal. On the other hand, the development of the regime of protection against gross human rights violation has reached such level that it becomes one of the highest international law norms - such nature produces the need for a more reliable enforcement regime. Such reliability of enforcement regime is sometimes clouded by procedural reasons when the victims of gross human rights violation depend their fate on the International Court of Justice, other international fora, and/or the violator state's own judicial system."