Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKKedudukan larangan tindakan penyiksaan sebagai norma hukum yang takterbantahkan (jus cogens) sudah mendapatkan tempat di tatanan komunitas hukuminternasional. Eksistensi larangan tindakan penyiksaan sebagai bagian dari norma hukum takterbantahkan jus cogens sesungguhnya berasal dari kewajiban negara-negara untuk menjagakeamanan dunia, dan atau menjamin keadaan yang aman dan kedudukan negara-negaramerdeka yang sama satu dengan lainnya. Kedudukan larangan tindakan penyiksaan sebagainorma hukum tak terbantahkan yang berasal dari kewajiban negara-negara untuk memeliharakondisi hidup bersama yang damai ini memiliki kaitan yang sangat erat dengan kewajibannegara-negara untuk menjamin kehidupan warga negaranya untuk dapat hidup dalam kondisidamai, baik kehidupannya sebagai pribadi ataupun bernegara. Hal demikian dalam perspektifhukum disebut dengan kewajiban negara untuk menjamin warga negara mendapatkan hakasasi manusia yang dimilikinya.Hubungan ini seringkali dipertanyakan oleh berbagai pihak, khususnya tentangdarimana hubungan ini berasal. Bagaimanapun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa bahkansebelum diadopsi dalam aturan-aturan dalam Konvensi Wina tentang Hukum PerjanjianInternasional, prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia telah menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan darinorma hukum tak terbantahkan jus cogens. Seperti dikatakan oleh Alfred Von Verdross lewatartikelnya yang berjudul Forbidden Treaties in International Law bahwa ada jenis-jenisperjanjian internasional yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan masyarakat hukuminternasional, jenis-jenis perjanjian internasional ini adalah perjanjian internasional yangmengurangi kedaulatan negara tersebut untuk mengatur dirinya sendiri demi melindungiwarga negaranya dan memelihara kondisi kehidupan yang aman, kemerdekaan pribadi danhak kepemilikan dari tiap individu dalam wilayah negara tersebut. Pendapat Verdross inidikeluarkan pada saat doktrin hak asasi manusia yang berlaku dalam komunitas internasionalsama sekali belum dikenal, kepentingan akan kekuatan moral ini kemudian dibuktikankebenaran dan intensitasnya lewat tekad bersama agar beberapa hak asasi manusiadinyatakan sebagai sesuatu yang tak terbantahkan lewat kehendak negara-negara.

---

ABSTRACTProhibition against torture as international peremptory norm of Jus Cogens already

gain such valid recognition in international law community. Basically the existence of

prohibition against torture as international peremptory norm of jus cogens comes from every

State's responsibility to maintain the world peace and security all along with the living order

of all the independent states. This prohibition against torture as international peremptory

norm of jus cogens which arose from the responsibility of all states in the world to maintain

peace and legal world order has a very strong relationship with the core responsibility of the

state's to assure their people live in peace one another as an individual and as a community

which embodies in State. This kind of responsibility, in legal's perspective, recognized as the

responsibility of a State to assure their people could execute their human rights.

The core relationship between human rights and prohibition against torture as

international peremptory norm of Jus Cogens sometimes being put into question by a lot of

people in community of international law, mostly about the source of this relationship.

However it can't be denied that even before the peremptory norms of jus cogens being

recognized in Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, principles of human rights are

already being a very important part of the norms itself. As been said by Alfred Von Verdross

through his writing in Forbidden Treaties in International Law that there's several kind of

treaties that can't be applied in daily life of community of international law, this kind of

treaties are the one who reduce the sovereign power of States in order to ensure all the people

in the world got their rights of peace, security, freedom and possession in the nation. This

statement introduced when the principles and doctrine of international law haven't

recognized yet, the urgency of it's moral content proofed later by State's consensus of how

important the human rights principle being recognized as a part of international peremptory

norms."

"In this book, the authors examine selected issues that reflect a blending of, or choice between, civil law and common law models of procedure."

"A paradigm change is occurring, in the course of which human beings are becoming the primary international legal persons. In numerous areas of public international law, substantive rights and obligations of individuals arguably flow directly from international law. The novel legal status of humans in international law is now captured with a concept borrowed from constitutional doctrine: international rights of the person, as opposed to international law protecting persons. Combining doctrinal analysis with current practice, this book is the most comprehensive contemporary analysis of the legal status of the individual. Beyond Human Rights, previously published in German and now revised by the author in this English edition, not only deals with the individual in international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international investment law, but it also covers fields such as consular law, environmental law, protection of individuals against acts of violence and natural disasters, refugee law and labour law."