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"This study is motivated by the trend of corruption cases which increase from year to year, where bribery is the first number in corruption cases. As many as 128 cases of bribery with in kracht status occurred in the local government that received an unqualified opinion from the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI). Using the Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) Panel Regression, this study examines the correlation between financial statement opinion and the number of bribery corruption cases based on 258 bribery cases that have been handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission(KPK) in the period 2008-2017. The estimation result shows that there was no correlation between financial statement opinion and the number of bribery cases. However, the increase in the amount of capital expenditure also goods and services expenditure is related to the increase in the number of bribery cases. This study recommends BPK to consider improving the quality of fraud detection through audit procedures on financial statements, especially in regions that have a relatively high value of capital expenditure and service goods expenditure. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah benar terjadi fenomena flypaper effect atau tidak untuk studi kasus di Indonesia, menganalisis jenis belanja mana yang paling dipengaruhi oleh transfer pemerintah pusat, serta menganalisis perilaku pemerintah daerah dalam menanggapi apabila terjadi peningkatan atau pengurangan transfer dari pemerintah pusat. Analisis pengaruh transfer pemerintah pusat terhadap belanja daerah dibagi menjadi nasional, Pemerintah Provinsi, Pemerintah Kota, dan Pemerintah Kabupaten. Objek penelitian ini adalah 542 Pemerintah Daerah yang terdiri dari 34 Pemerintah Provinsi, 93 Pemerintah Kota, dan 415 Pemerintah Kabupaten selama tahun 2011-2017. Variabel dependen yang digunakan, yaitu belanja modal, belanja pegawai, serta belanja barang dan jasa. Sementara itu, variabel independen yang digunakan, antara lain DAU, DAK, DBH, PAD, luas wilayah, jumlah penduduk, jumlah PNS Daerah, variabel dummy DBH (1 = DBH Naik; 0 = DBH Turun), variabel dummy (1 = daerah maju ; 0 = daerah tertinggal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik secara nasional, Pemerintah Provinsi, Pemerintah Kota, dan Pemerintah Kabupaten dalam hal belanja modal dan belanja pegawai terjadi fenomena flypaper effect dan pemerintah daerah kurang menggali potensi penerimaan daerahnya. Respon pemerintah daerah terhadap transfer pemerintah pusat bersifat simetris, implikasinya pengurangan dalam transfer pemerintah pusat akan mengurangi belanja pemerintah daerah. Namun, untuk belanja barang dan jasa tidak terjadi fenomena flypaper effect dan peningkatan maupun pengurangan dari transfer pemerintah pusat tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam merealisasikan belanja barang dan jasa. Belanja daerah yang paling dipengaruhi oleh transfer pemerintah pusat adalah belanja pegawai secara nasional.

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This study aimed to test whether the true phenomenon of the flypaper effect or not to case studies in Indonesia, analyzing the type of expenditure which are the most affected by the intergovernmental transfer, analyze the behavior of the local government in response to an increase or a decrease in intergovernmental transfers from the Central Government. Analysis of intergovernmental transfer is divided into National, Provincial Government, City Government, and Regency Government. The object of the research is 542 local government consisting of 34 Provincial Government, 93 City Government, and 415 Regency Government during the years 2011-2017. The dependent variables used, i.e., capital expenditures, personel expenditures, goods and services expenditures. Meanwhile, the independent variable used, i.e., DAU, DAK, DBH, PAD, area, population, the number of civil servants of the region, dummy variables (1 = increased of DBH; 0 = decreased of DBH), dummy variables (1 = for developed regions; 0 = for underdeveloped regions). The results showed that the National, Provincial Government, City Government, and Regency Government in terms of capital expenditures and personel expenditures occurring phenomenon of flypaper effect and local government less seeking to find the potential PAD. Local government response to the intergovernmental transfer of Central Government are symmetrical, the implications of reduction in the transfer of Central Government will reduce local government spending area. However, for goods and services expenditures is not occurring the phenomena flypaper effect and the increase or reduction of the intergovernmental transfers from the Central Government has insignificant affect to the realization of expenditure goods and services. Type expenditures which most affected by the intergovernmental transfers from Central Government is personel expenditure nationally."

"Berbagai isu strategik yang memengaruhi kinerja pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia sangat kompleks seperti halnya pada pemerintahan daerah di negara lain, sebagaimana diungkapkan pada hasil penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, antara lain kemampuan fiskal, latar belakang pimpinan daerah sebagai entrepreneur, dan kapasitas manajemen memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap isu-isu strategik lainnya yaitu karakteristik daerah, public entrepreneurship, lingkungan strategik, serta penegakan etika dan akuntabilitas apakah sangat penting dan pasti pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah. Sebagai tahap awal penelitian menyeluruh terkait pengaruh public entrepreneurship terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah, pemetaan perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan tingkat kepentingan dan kepastian dari asumsi strategik tersebut dengan pendekatan Strategy Assumption Surfacing Test (SAST) yang melibatkan pakar secara terbatas melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil olah data atas jawaban kuesioner mengindikasikan variabel karakteristik pemerintahan daerah dan elemen-elemennya (aset daerah, kapasitas fiskal, kapasitas manajemen dan perilaku kewirausahaan), public entrepreneurship (inovasi, kreativitas, proaktivitas, risk-taking dan orientasi kepentingan publik) merupakan asumsi strategik yang penting dan cukup pasti pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia.

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Various strategic issues that have an effect towards the performance of local governments in Indonesia are very complex just like the local governments in other countries, as investigated on previous researches. These strategic issues, which include the fiscal capacity, the background of the local leaders as entrepreneurs, and the capacity of management, would have significant influence towards the performance of local governments. This research tries to conduct the investigation towards other strategic issues i.e. the characteristics of local governments, the public entrepreneurship, the strategic environment, and the enforcement of ethics and accountability of bureaucracy, which is both very important and very certain in terms of the influence towards the performance of local governments. As the initial phase of thorough research is related to the influence of public entrepreneurship towards the performance of local government, the mapping needs to be conducted in order to ensure the level of importance and certainty of the strategic issues with the use of the Strategic Assumption Surfacing Test (SAST) approach involving the selected experts through limited Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of data processing would give an overview that the characteristics of local governments and its elements (the regional assets, the fiscal capacity, the capacity of management and entrepreneurial behavior), the public entrepreneurship (innovation, the creativity of the individuals within bureaucracy, proactiveness, risk-taking and public-oriented) are the strategic issues, which are important and certainly influence the performance of local governments in Indonesia."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor apa yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat realisasi belanja modal pemerintah daerah. Belanja modal merupakan belanja pembangunan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pembangunan daerah dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, sehingga sangat penting untuk direalisasikan. Faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat realisasi belanja modal pemerintah daerah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat realisasi pendapatan asli daerah (PAD), tingkat realisasi dana bagi hasil (DBH), tingkat realisasi dana alokasi umum (DAU), tingkat realisasi dana alokasi khusus (DAK), pemilihan langsung kepala daerah (pilkada), umur adminstratif daerah, dan pergantian kepala daerah. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah 32 provinsi di Indonesia yang diteliti dalam kurun waktu 2004-2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan pengujian hipotesis dilakukan melalui regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat realisasi pendapatan asli daerah, tingkat realisasi dana bagi hasil, dan tingkat realisasi dana alokasi khusus berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap tingkat realisasi belanja modal pemerintah daerah, sedangkan pemilihan langsung kepala daerah berpengaruh negatif. Tiga variabel lainnya, yaitu tingkat realisasi dana alokasi umum, umur administratif daerah, dan pergantian kepala daerah tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat realisasi belanja modal pemerintah daerah.

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This thesis discusses about factors affecting the level of realization of local governments‟ capital expenditure. Capital expenditure is the amount spend in order to improve regional development and communities welfare, so it is important to be realized. The factors used in this study consist of the level of realization of regional income (PAD), the level of realization revenue-sharing (DBH), the level of realization of general allocation fund (DAU), the level of realization of specific allocation fund (DAK), governor election, administrative age, dan leader change. The scope of this study is 32 provinces in Indonesia for the fiscal year 2004-2013. The method used in this study is quantitative method and the hypotheseses are tested using panel data regression. The result shows that the level of realization of regional income, the level of realization revenuesharing, and the level of realization of specific allocation fund have significant positive effect on the level of realization of local governments capital expenditure, meanwhile governor election has significant negative effect. The other three variables, which are the level of realization of general allocation fund, administrative age, and leader change have no significant effect on the level of realization of local governments capital expenditure."

"Capital investment of local government or long-term regional investment is a form of government program and one of the tools of regulating the regional fiscal. Local government investment in the form of direct investment is the capital investment in business entities which aims to increase regional economic growth, increase regional income, and improve the welfare of the community. Regional capital investment is a decision-making behavior to invest or not to invest in business entities to obtain dividends. The behavior of decision making requires Information on bank performance, knowledge of banking governance, and shareholder agreements with bank directors. This study aims to analyze performance behavior and investment of provincial government that affects the profit of regional development banks in Indonesia. The method of analysis is done using descriptive statistic and multiple linear regression. Multiple Linear Regression with dependent variable of regional development bank profit and independent variable consist of Bank size (SIZE), business risk of BPD bank (RISK_Bt), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Cost to Operating Income (BOPO), Return of Equity (ROE), Interest Rate of Bank (INTEREST), Provincial Capital Investment to Bank BPD (PMD), Regional Minimum Wage (UMR), Initial Public Offering Dummy (DIPO), and Bank Business Target Dummy (DSARBISB). The result of descriptive statistical analysis concluded that the capital investment of 26 provincial governments in 26 regional development banks describes the varying bank performance caused by different bank sizes. The results of multiple regression analysis can conclude that all independent variables are able to both explain the dependent variable at a significant level of level below 1%, as well as individually ten independent variables that are statistically significantly different with zero at levels below 1%, below 5%, and below 10%."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana dampak dari penerapan seleksi terbuka dapat mengurangi jumlah korupsi JPT pada pemerintah daerah Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD), penelitian ini menganalisis data panel korupsi JPT di Indonesia yang telah inkracht yang ditangani oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dalam kurun waktu 2009-2019. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan seleksi terbuka memiliki dampak positif terhadap penrunan kasus korupsi Jabatan Pimpinan Tinggi di Indonesia pada pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan seleksi terbuka memiliki efek terhadap jumlah kasus korupsi sebesar -0.892% dan signifikan pada tingkatan 10% pada daerah dengan total belanja modal yang tinggi. Temuan ini memperlihatkan dampak dari seleksi terbuka yang positif terhadap kasus korupsi JPT dan dengan demikian mendukungstudi-studi terdahulu mengenai dampak positif dari pelaksanaan sistem merit, khusunya seleksi terbuka terhadap jumlah kasus korupsi JPT pada daerah yang memiliki total belanja yang tinggi. Selain itu, untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian dengan menambahkan studi kasus dan wawancara mendalam dengan KASN dan ICW. Didapatkan bahwa peran politik daerah yang sangat kental sangat mempengaruhi pelaksanaan seleksi terbuka. Biaya politik di daerah yang tinggi lah yang menjadi penyebab utama yang menyebabkan korupsi gubernur, walikota dan bupati diikuti oleh pejabat perangkat daerah dibawahnyaakan terus terjadi.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to identify the extent to which the impact of open selection can reduce the amount of corruption cases of high leadership position on Indonesian local governments. Using a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach, this study analyzes panel data in Indonesia that has been inkracht handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2009-2019. Estimation results show that the implementation of open selection has a positive impact on the decline in corruption cases of High Leadership Position in Indonesia in local governments. This study found that the implementation of open selection had an effect on the number of corruption cases by -0.892% and was significant at the 10% level in regions with high total capital expenditures. This finding shows the positive impact of open selection on the number of corruption cases of high leadership position and thus supports previous studies on thepositive impact of implementing the merit system, especially the open selection in regions with high total expenditure. In addition, to strengthen research results by adding case studies and in-depth interviews with KASN and ICW. It was found that the very strong role of regional politics greatly influenced the implementation of open selection. Political costs in the high regions are the main cause of corruption in governors, mayors and regents followed by officials of the regional apparatus underneath."

"Indonesia is the fifth largest producer of cigarettes and has the third highest number of smokers in the world. This has potential biological, psychological, and social consequences. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on smoking behavior and anxiety. Quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 80 respondents were selected at random from 10 districts in proportion to the number of smokers in each district. Respondents completed questionnaires and received a course of CBT conducted over five meetings. There was a significant decrease smoking behavior and anxiety (p< 0.05) in the intervention group. Smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, and anxiety in male heads of family who smoke and who received CBT were significantly lower than in control group. The decreases in smoking behavior and anxiety were significantly correlated (p< 0.05). The study reveals, CBT can effectively change smoking habits as well as reduce anxiety.

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Indonesia sebagai penghasil rokok terbesar ke-5 dan memiliki jumlah perokok terbanyak ke-3 di Dunia, hal tersebut memunculkan masalah secara biologis, psikologis maupun sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari cognitive behavior therapy terhadap perubahan perilaku merokok dan ansietas. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experiment non-equivalent control group pre-test-post test. Sampel pengambilan secara proporsional random dengan jumlah 80 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian responden dilakukan tindakan cognitive behavior therapy dengan lima kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan perilaku merokok dan ansietas secara bermakna (p< 0,05) pada kelompok intervensi. Penurunan perilaku merokok, tingkat ketergantungan nikotin dan ansietas kepala keluarga dengan perilaku merokok yang mendapatkan cognitive behavior therapy lebih besar secara bermakna (p< 0,05) dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mendapatkan cognitive behavior therapy. Penurunan perilaku merokok dan ansietas berhubungan secara bermakna (p< 0,05). Direkomendasikan untuk menerapkan cognitive behavior therapy perokok oleh perawat yang mempunyai kompetensi."