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"Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak sampai usia 3 tahun membutuhkan alat uji penapisan yang sahih dan andal serta mudah diaplikasikan orangtua. Kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 belum teruji di Indonesia sehingga ASQ-3 belum digunakan secara luas sebagai alat uji penapisan perkembangan anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu adaptasi transkultural, modifikasi dan tranlasi kuesioner ASQ-3 versi orginal ke bahasa Indonesia. Tahap kedua, kuesioner bahasa Indonesia yang sudah final, diuji ke 30 subyek dari 5 kelompok umur (24,27,30,33,36 bulan). Uji kesahihan dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi, uji keandalan dengan konsistensi internal dan keandalan inter-rater. Hasil: Uji kesahihan dengan koefisien korelasi kuat di domain komunikasi usia 24 bulan (0,908), domain motor kasar usia 24 bulan (0,860), domain motor kasar usia 36 bulan (0,865). Uji keandalan dengan Alpha Cronbach ialah baik (0,673-0,825) dengan keandalan inter-rater yang sangat baik (0,916). Kesimpulan: ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan.

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Background: Identification of children with developmental disabilities is critical step in providing early intervention services. Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (ASQ-3), a parent-report questionnaires has been proven to be a valid and reliable screening test and good psychometric properties. This test has not been validated and standardized before in Indonesia.

Aim: To provide the validated and reliability form of the Indonesian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of 24-36 months Indonesian children's development.

Method: Cross sectional study divided into two parts. First part included the adaptation, transcultural, and translation ASQ-3 original version to Indonesian version. Second part, final form of Indonesian ASQ-3 was performed for 30 children from 5 age groups (24,27,30,33,36 months). In order to determine validity of the questionnaires using correlation coefficient, and reliability was measured using internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: The validity determined by correlation coefficient was very good in communication area at 24 months age (0.908), gross motor at 24 months age (0.860), and gross motor at 36 months age (0.865). The reliability, determined by cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.673-0.825 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.916.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability for screening developmental disorders in 24 -36 months children in Indonesia."

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Latar belakang : Deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak merupakan hal yang penting untuk membangun anak Indonesia yang cerdas dan berkualitas. Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) merupakan kuesioner berdasarkan laporan orangtua atau pengasuh untuk mendeteksi keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 1 bulan sampai 66 bulan yang terstandarisasi dan mudah digunakan diseluruh dunia, namun belum pernah dilakukan uji kesahihan dan keandalan terhadap kuesioner ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan : Mengetahui kesahihan interna dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 42-48-54-60 bulan Metode : Penelitian potong lintang uji kesahihan interna dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ3 kelompok umur 42 bulan, 48 bulan, 54 bulan, dan 60 bulan, dilakukan pada orangtua yang memiliki anak usia 42-48-54-60 bulan baik yang sehat maupun berisiko keterlambatan perkembangan, di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu dan Kelurahan Cipinang Muara, Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dibagi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama merupakan tahapan adaptasi transkultural kuesioner ASQ-3 dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Tahap kedua merupakan uji kesahihan dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia, 35 anak setiap kelompok umur, menggunakan metode cluster sampling. Uji kesahihan konstruksi dianalisis menggunakan Pearson Correlation (cut off rho (r) ≥ 0.3).. Uji keandalan dinilai uji konsistensi internal yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan Alpha Cronbach’s coefficient (minimum cut off ≥ 0.6). Universitas Indonesia Hasil : Keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia pada keempat kelompok umur menunjukkan keandalan baik hingga sangat baik (0,60 – 0,80). Untuk korelasi tiap butir pertanyaan per-domain umumnya menunjukkan kesahihan baik pada kuesioner ASQ-3 usia 48-54 bulan dan tidak sahih pada kuesioner ASQ-3 usia 42 bulan (terdapat 3 bulir) dan usia 60 bulan (terdapat 1 bulir) Kesimpulan : Kuesioner ASQ-3 usia 48-54 bulan dalam bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal dipergunakan. Kuesioner ASQ-3 usia 42 dan 60 bulan dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak sahih untuk domain komunikasi, tetapi sahih untuk domain lain, dan andal untuk digunakan sebagai alat deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak

Kata kunci : Uji kesahihan interna, uji keandalan, kuesioner ASQ-3 dalam bahasa Indonesia, uji tapis perkembangan anak, keterlambatan perkembangan.

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Background: Early detection of development delayed is essential, Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) is a parent completed questionnaire, a comprehensive developmental screening tool in 42-48-54-60 months old. The problem is ASQ-3 has never been a validity and reliability test in Indonesian language. Aim: provide the internal validity and reliability of the Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires as a screening tool for identification developmental delayed in 42-48-54-60 months old children. Methods: Cross-sectional study of internal validity test and reliability of ASQ-3 questionnaires in the age group of 42-48-54-60 months, either healthy or high risk for developmental delays, in Kampung Melayu and Cipinang Muara, East Jakarta. The study is divided into 2 phases (transcultural adaptation phase and validity-reliability test of Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires), with 35 children in each age group by consecutive sampling methods. The internal validity test was analyzed using Pearson Correlation (cut off rho (r) ≥ 0.3). Reliability tests were analyzed using Alpha Cronbach coefficient (minimum cut off ≥ 0.6). Results: The reliability of the four age groups of the Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires showed good reliability (0,60 – 0,80). The correlation of each item per-domain questions generally showed validity both on ASQ-3 questionnaire aged 48-54 months and invalid on ASQ-3 questionnaire aged 42 months (3 questions) and 60 months (1 question) Universitas Indonesia Conclusion: ASQ-3 questionnaire aged 48-54 months in Indonesian valid and reliably used. ASQ-3 questionnaire aged 42-60 months in Indonesian is not valid for communication domain but valid for other domain and reliable the early detection tool for delays in child development

Keywords : Internal validity, reliability, Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires, developmental screening, developmental delay.

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"Latar belakang: Deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak merupakan hal yang penting untuk membangun anak Indonesia yang cerdas dan berkualitas. Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) merupakan kuesioner berdasarkan laporan orangtua atau pengasuh untuk mendeteksi keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 1 bulan sampai 66 bulan yang terstandarisasi dan mudah digunakan, namun belum pernah dilakukan uji kesahihan dan keandalan terhadap kuesioner ini dalam bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan interna dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia kurang dari 1 tahun. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang uji kesahihan interna dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 kelompok umur 2 bulan, 4 bulan, 6 bulan, 8 bulan, 9 bulan, 10 bulan dan 12 bulan, dilakukan pada orangtua yang memiliki anak usia 1-12 bulan baik yang sehat maupun berisiko keterlambatan perkembangan, di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu dan Kelurahan Cipinang Muara, Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dibagi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama (April-Juni 2018) merupakan tahapan adaptasi transkultural kuesioner ASQ-3 dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Tahap kedua (Juli-September 2018) merupakan uji kesahihan dan keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia, 35 anak setiap kelompok umur, menggunakan metode cluster sampling. Uji kesahihan konstruksi dianalisis menggunakan Pearson Correlation dan sahih jika nilai rho (r)> 0,3. Uji keandalan dinilai uji konsistensi internal yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan Alpha Cronbach's coefficient dan keandalan baik jika Cronbach's α minimum 0,6. Hasil: Keandalan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia pada ketujuh kelompok umur menunjukkan keandalan baik hingga sangat baik (0,60-0,80). Untuk korelasi tiap butir pertanyaan per-domain umumnya menunjukkan kesahihan baik dengan nilai r > 0,3. Kesimpulan: Kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal dipergunakan sebagai alat uji tapis keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 1-12 bulan.

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Background: Early detection of development delayed is essential to the welfare an Indonesian children. Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) is a parentcompleted questionnaire, a general developmental screeening tool in 1 to 66 months old children, that are standardized and ease-to-use, but there has never been a validity and reliability test for these questionnaires in Indonesian language. Aim: To provide the internal validity and reliability of the Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires as a screening tool for identifcation developmental delayed of children less than 1 year old. Methods: Cross sectional study of internal validity test and reliability of ASQ-3 questionnaires in the age group of 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months and 12 months, conducted on parents who have children aged 1-12 months, either healthy or high risk for developmental delays, in Kampung Melayu and Cipinang Muara, Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Study is divided into 2 phases. The first phase (April-June 2018) is the stage of transcultural adaptation of the ASQ-3 questionnaires from English to Indonesian language. The second phase (July-September 2018) is the validity and reliability test of Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires, with 35 children in each age group by cluster sampling methods. The validity test of the construction was analyzed using Pearson Correlation and valid if the value of rho (r) > 0.3. Reliability tests were assessed as internal consistency tests analyzed using Alpha Cronbach's coefficient and reliability is good if Cronbach's α minimum was 0.6. Results: The reliability of the seven age groups of the Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires showed good to very good reliability (0,60-0,80). Correlation of each question perdomain generally showed good validity with a value of r > 0.3. Conclusion: The Indonesian ASQ-3 questionnaires proven to be valid and reliable tool as a screening test for developmental delayed of children aged 1-12 months."

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Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak sampai usia 3 tahun membutuhkan alat uji penapisan yang sahih dan andal serta mudah diaplikasikan orangtua. Kesahihan eksterna Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) belum teruji di Indonesia sehingga ASQ-3 belum dapat digunakan secara luas sebagai alat uji penapisan perkembangan anak.

Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan eksterna ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok usia 24, 30, dan 36 bulan sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak.

Metode: Uji diagnostik ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok usia 24, 30, dan 36 bulan dibandingkan dengan Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) pada populasi anak sehat maupun yang berisiko keterlambatan perkembangan. Untuk menentukan nilai kesahihan eksterna, dihitung: sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif.

Hasil: ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok umur 24 bulan: sensitivitas dan NDN baik (83,3% dan 91,3%), tetapi spesifisitas dan  NDP kurang baik (65,6% dan 47,6%). ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok umur 30 bulan: sensitivitas dan NDN baik (84,6% dan 90,9%), tetapi spesifisitas dan  NDP kurang baik (69% dan 55%). ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok umur 36 bulan: spesifisitas cukup baik (78,8%) dan NDN baik (86,7%), tetapi sensitivitas dan  NDP kurang baik (66,6% dan 53,3%).

Kesimpulan: Kesahihan eksterna ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok usia usia 24, 30, dan 36 bulan pada penelitian ini cukup sahih sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak.

 

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Background: Identification of children with developmental disabilities is critical step in providing early intervention services. Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (ASQ-3), a parent-report questionnaires has been proven to be a valid and reliable screening test and good psychometric properties. This test has not been external validated before in Indonesia.

Aim: Providing the external validated form of the Indonesian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of 24, 30, and 36 months Indonesian children’s development.

Method: The Indonesian ASQ-3 diagnostic test for the age groups of 24, 30, and 36 months compared with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) in the population of healthy children and at risk of developmental delays. To determine the value of external validity, calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Results: ASQ-3 Indonesian 24 month: sensitivity and NDN are good (83.3% and 91.3%), but specificity and NDP are poor (65.6% and 47.6%). ASQ-3 Indonesian 30 months: sensitivity and NDN are good (84.6% and 90.9%), but specificity and NDP are poor (69% and 55%). ASQ-3 Indonesian 36 months: specificity is quite good (78.8%) and NDN is good (86.7%), but sensitivity and NDP are poor (66.6% and 53.3%).

Conclusion: The external validity of ASQ-3 Indonesian 24, 30, and 36 months in this study is quite valid as a screening test for children's development delays.

 

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"Latar belakang: Perkembangan seorang anak harus dinilai secara berkala dan rutin dikerjakan, sehingga dapat dilakukan intervensi sedini mungkin bila terjadi keterlambatan perkembangan. Pada tahun 2021, di Indonesia telah dibuat instrumen baru kuesioner penapisan perkembangan ilmu kesehatan anak (PPIKA) usia 12 bulan, tetapi hingga saat ini belum dilakukan penelitian yang menilai kesetaraan kuesioner penapisan tersebut dibandingkan dengan instrumen lain.Tujuan: Menilai kesetaraan antara PPIKA dengan ASQ-3 dalam mendeteksi kecurigaan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 12 bulan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan potong lintang di dilakukan pada anak berusia 11 bulan 0 hari hingga 12 bulan 30 hari dari Posyandu di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia pada bulan September 2023. Kuesioner PPIKA dan ASQ-3 diiisi oleh orangtua dengan panduan petugas. Hasil kedua pemeriksaan dilakukan analisis kesetaraan dengan menghitung koefisien Cohen Kappa.Hasil: Seratus delapan puluh subjek penelitian diperiksa dan didapatkan prevalens kecurigaan keterlambatan perkembangan menurut PPIKA dan ASQ-3 masing masing sebesar 13,33% dan 25%. Nilai koefisien Cohen Kappa antara PPIKA dan ASQ-3 sebesar 0,456.Kesimpulan: Kuesioner PPIKA memiliki kesetaraan yang cukup baik dibandingkan dengan kuesioner ASQ-3 dalam penapisan perkembangan anak usia 12 bulan

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Background: Child development must be assessed periodically and routinely, in order to prevent delayed intervention and subsequent developmental delays. In 2021, a new instrument development screening for the 12-month-old child called Penapisan Perkembangan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (PPIKA) was created in Indonesia, however until now no research has been conducted to assess the agreement of this screening questionnaire compared to other instruments.

Aim: To evaluate agreement between PPIKA and ASQ-3 in detecting suspected developmental delays in children aged 12 months.

Methods: This research was a cross-sectional design conducted on children aged 11 months 0 days to 12 months 30 days from Posyandu in the Jatinegara District Health Center area, East Jakarta, Indonesia in September 2023. The PPIKA and ASQ-3 questionnaires were filled in by parents with guidance from health workers. The results of the two questionnaires were subjected to agreement analyzed by calculating the Cohen Kappa coefficient.

Results: One hundred and eighty research subjects were examined. We found that the prevalence of suspected developmental delay according to PPIKA and ASQ- 3 was 13.33% and 25% respectively. The Cohen Kappa coefficient between PPIKA and ASQ-3 is 0.456.

Conclusion: The PPIKA questionnaire has moderate agreement equivalence compared to the ASQ-3 questionnaire in developmental screening of children aged 12 months."

"Latar belakang: Deteksi dini masalah perkembangan anak pada tiga tahun pertama merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan agar dapat segera diberikan intervensi sehingga anak dapat mencapai kemampuan optimalnya. Uji penapisan yang terstandardisasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan deteksi gangguan perkembangan. ASQ-3 merupakan kuesioner berbasis orangtua yang sudah terbukti memiliki nilai psikometri yang baik. Kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 belum teruji di Indonesia sehingga ASQ-3 belum digunakan secara luas sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 12-24 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Kuesioner ASQ-3 diterjemahkan dan dilakukan adaptasi transkultural untuk menghasilkan kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia. Kuesioner ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kemudian diujikan kepada 5 kelompok usia (14, 16, 18, 20, dan 22 bulan) dengan masing-masing berjumlah 35 orang. Uji kesahihan dinilai dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi, uji keandalan dengan konsistensi internal dan test retest reliability. Hasil: Kesahihan ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia kelompok usia 14,16, 18, 20, dan 22 bulan antara total masing-masing domain dengan total skor memiliki korelasi sedang hingga sangat kuat (r = 0,454 – 0,881), kecuali pada domain komunikasi usia 14 bulan yang memiliki korelasi lemah (r = 0,349). Keandalan ASQ-3 dengan penilaian konsistensi internal (Cronbach’s alpha) masing-masing domain berdasarkan kelompok usia menunjukkan keandalan yang baik hingga sangat baik (0,693 – 0,818), sedangkan penilaian dengan metode test retest didapatkan intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) pada kelompok usia 16, 18, 20, dan 22 bulan didapatkan nilai cukup hingga sangat baik (0,646 – 0,965), namun pada empat domain di kelompok usia 14 bulan didapatkan nilai ICC kurang baik. Simpulan: ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 12-24 bulan.

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Background: Early identification and detection of developmental problems in the first three years is important for facilitating to an early intervention services and maximizing child’s optimal ability. Standardized developmental screening tools are known to improve detection of developmental problems compared to surveillance or clinical judgment alone. Ages and Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3) is a parent-based questionnaire that has been proven to be a valid and reliable screening test. This test has not been validated and standardized before in Indonesia.

Aim: To provide the validity and reliability Indonesian version of Ages and Stages Questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for children aged 12-24 months.

Method: This cross-sectional study divided into two parts. First, we perform translation and transcultural adaptation to produce the Indonesian version. The final form of Indonesian ASQ-3 then was tested to parents in 5 age groups (14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 months old). Validity of ASQ-3 was assessed using correlation coefficient, meanwhile the reliability was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Results: The validity between domain score and overall score has moderate to very strong correlation (r = 0,454 – 0,881), except the communication domain that has low correlation (r = 0,349). The questionnaire is reliable with Cronbach alpha of 0,693-0,818. The test retest reliability was good (ICC 0,646 - 0,965) in all domain across all groups with exception in 4 domains in 14 months age groups.

Conclusions: The Indonesian version of ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability to screen developmental delay in 12-24 months children in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini gangguan komunikasi pada bayi dan anak membutuhkan alat uji penapisan sahih, andal, mudah diaplikasikan oleh orangtua/ pengasuh. Instrumen CSBS DP ITC adalah alat skrining yang sahih dan andal mendeteksi gangguan komunikasi anak, namun belum diterjemahkan dan diuji kesahihan dan keandalan dalam bahasa Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan gangguan komunikasi anak 6-24 bulan.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang di Poliklinik TKPS/ RS Cipto Mangukusumo Jakarta (Februari-Mei 2019) dua tahapan. Tahapan pertama kesahihan interna 2 periode yaitu pertama, adaptasi transkultural kuesioner CSBS DP ITC bahasa asli ke bahasa Indonesia dan kedua, pengujian kuesioner CSBS DP ITC versi bahasa Indonesia kepada 35 orangtua/ pengasuh. Uji kesahihan dianalisis menggunakan Spearman Correlation, uji keandalan dianalisis menggunakan Alpha Cronbach s coefficient. Tahapan kedua kesahihan eksterna, uji diagnostik CSBS DP ITC dibandingkan BSID III skala bahasa sebagai baku emas kepada 147 orangtua/ pengasuh dan 147 anak.Hasil: Kesahihan interna CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia umumnya baik dengan nilai r > 0,3. Keandalan CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia baik dengan Alpha Cronbach s (0,876-0,896). Kesahihan eksterna CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia mendapatkan sensitifitas 71,43% dan spesifisitas 81,48%.Simpulan: Kuesioner CSBS DP ITC bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan gangguan komunikasi anak usia 6-24 bulan

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Background: Early identification and detection of communication disorders in children require valid and reliable screening tool that easily to apply. The CSBS DP ITC is a valid and reliable screening tool to detect communication disorder in children, but it has not translated and tested for validity and reliability in Indonesian language.

Objective To find out validity and reliability of CSBS DP ITC Indonesian version as a screening tool for communication disorders in children aged 6-24 months.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in clinic of Growth Development- Social Pediatric / Cipto Mangukusumo Hospital Jakarta (February - May 2019) in two stages. First stage was internal validity consisting 2 periods, transcultural adaptation from original language to Indonesian and second stage was final Indonesian CSBS DP ITC questionnaire was tested to 35 parents / caregivers. Validity analyzed using Spearman Correlation. Reliability analyzed using Alpha Cronbach s coefficient. Second stage was external validity by compared CSBS DP ITC with BSID III language scale as gold standard to 147 parents / caregivers and 147 children.

Results: Internal validity showed good validity with r > 0.3. Reliability showed good with Alpha Cronbach (0.876-0,896). External validity has 71.43% sensitivity and 81.48% specificity.

Conclusion: Indonesian CSBS DP ITC questionnaire valid and reliable as screening test for communication disorders in children aged 6-24 months."

"Latar belakang: Perkembangan anak yang optimal diperlukan untuk mendukung proses belajar di kemudian hari. Zat besi merupakan salah satu nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dalam perkembangan otak untuk mendukung perkembangan anak, yang masih sangat diperlukan hingga usia 3 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara status zat besi dengan status perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang eksplorasi dilakukan di Kampung Melayu, Jakarta pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2020. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian didapatkan dengan teknik total population sampling. Data didapatkan dari wawancara karakteristik dan asupan zat besi menggunakan semi quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), pemeriksaan antropometri, status perkembangan berdasarkan Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), dan status zat besi dari pemeriksaan feritin, hemoglobin, dan high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi square/Fisher, Mann-Whitney, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 80 subjek yang berhasil diperoleh, terdapat status gangguan perkembangan pada 17,5% subjek dan status zat besi kurang pada 41,3% subjek. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status zat besi dengan status perkembangan. Dari analisis multivariat regresi logistik didapatkan status zat besi (p = 0,019) dan status gizi (p = 0,018) berkontribusi terhadap gangguan perkembangan, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 7,5 (95% CI 1,397-40,635) dan 11,45 (95% CI 1,518-86,371).Kesimpulan: Status zat besi berkontribusi dalam perkembangan anak usia 24–36 bulan, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya untuk menjaga status zat besi selain juga status gizi anak.

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Background: Optimal child development is needed to support the learning process at a later date. Iron is one of the nutrients needed in brain development to support child development, which is still very needed until the age of 3 years. This study aims to determine the association between iron status and developmental status in children aged 24-36 months.

Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampung Melayu, Jakarta, from September to October 2020. Subjects who met the research criteria were obtained using the total population sampling method. Data were obtained from interviews on characteristics and iron intake using semi quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), anthropometric examinations, developmental status based on Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), and iron status from ferritin, hemoglobin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) tests. Data analysis used Chi square/Fisher, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression.

Results: Of the 80 subjects that were obtained, there was developmental disorder in 17.5% of subjects and deficient iron status in 41.3% of subjects. There was no significant relationship between iron status and developmental status. From the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that iron status (p = 0.019) and nutritional status (p = 0.018) contributed to developmental disorder, namely 7.5 (95% CI 1.397-40.635) and 11.45 (95% CI 1.518-86.371), respectively.

Conclusion: Iron status contributed to the development of children aged 24–36 months, so efforts are needed to maintain iron status as well as children’s nutritional status."

"Gagal tumbuh selama ini menggunakan pengukuran antropometri menurut indeks konvensional yang diukur terpisah, sementara kekurangan gizi tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Pengukuran gagal tumbuh menggunakan CIAF diperlukan untuk melengkapi kegagalan antropometri yang lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gagal tumbuh dengan perkembangan anak usia 24-59 bulan di desa lokus stunting wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Limau. Menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan teknik simple random sampling, analisis chisquare dan regresi logistik model faktor risiko dengan sampel 105 anak usia 24-59 bulan. Anak mengalami perkembangan meragukan sebanyak 31,4%, perkembangan sesuai 68,6%, gagal tumbuh sebanyak 29,5% dan normal 70,5%. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara gagal tumbuh dengan perkembangan anak(p=0,028), gagal tumbuh berhubungan dengan perkembangan motorik kasar (p=0,002) dan kemampuan bicara bahasa (p=0,050).Variabel lain yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak yaitu pendidikan ibu (p=0,002), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,003), pendapatan(p=0,003), ASI ekslusif (p=0,0034), dan stimulasi (p=0,0005). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan gagal tumbuh tetap konsisten berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak (p=0,002). Gagal tumbuh berhubungan dengan perkembangan meragukan setelah dikontrol beberapa variabel kovariat. Pelaksanaan program deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak memerlukan kerjasama dan komitmen lintas sektor kesehatan dan pendidikan yaitu mengintegrasikan kegiatan posyandu dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.

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Failure to thrive so far using anthropometric measurements according to conventional indices measured separately, while malnutrition cannot stand alone. Measurement of failure to thrive using CIAF is needed to complement more comprehensive anthropometric failures. This study aims to determine the relationship between failure to thrive and the development of children aged 24-59 months in the stunting locus village of the Sungai Limau Health Center work area. Using a cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling techniques, chisquare analysis and logistic regression risk factor models with a sample of 105 children aged 24-59 months. Children experienced dubious development as much as 31.4%, corresponding development 68.6%, failure to grow as much as 29.5% and normal 70.5%. Bivariate results showed an association between failure to thrive with child development (p = 0.028), failure to thrive was associated with gross motor development (p = 0.002) and speech skills (p = 0.050). Other variables related to child development were maternal education (p = 0.002), maternal employment (p = 0.003), income (p = 0.003), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.0034), and stimulation (p = 0.0005). Multivariate analysis showed failure to thrive remained consistently associated with child development (p = 0.002). Failure to thrive was associated with dubious development after controlling for several covariate variables. The implementation of early detection programs for child growth and development requires cooperation and commitment across the health and education sectors, namely integrating posyandu and Early Childhood Education activities."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor terkait dan dominan faktor dalam kejadian stunting pada anak-anak antara 24-30 bulan dalam dua yang dipilih desa-desa di Kecamatan Cakung pada tahun 2019. Metode penelitian ini adalah cross sectional Desain. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 221 anak-anak dan mereka diperoleh oleh pengambilan sampel cluster. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Mei 2019 di Jatinegara dan Pulogebang Kecamatan. Database dikumpulkan dengan mengukur tinggi badan, wawancara pada kuesioner, dan penarikan makanan 2x24 jam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Proporsi anak usia 24-30 bulan yang mengalami stunting adalah 20,4%. Mann Whitneys Tes menunjukkan bahwa asupan makronutrien, asupan mikronutrien seperti vitamin C dan seng menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan stunting. Uji chi square menunjukkan hal itu makronutrien, asupan mikronutrien seperti vitamin A, usia minum susu, frekuensi konsumsi susu, pendidikan ibu, dan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi menunjukkan a hubungan yang signifikan dengan stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh usia minum susu sebagai faktor dominan dalam kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24- 30 bulan di dua kecamatan terpilih di Kecamatan Cakung.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the related factors and dominant factors in the incidence of stunting in children between 24-30 months in the two selected villages in Cakung District in 2019. The method of this study was cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study were 221 children and they were obtained by cluster sampling. This research was conducted in May 2019 in Jatinegara and Pulogebang Districts. The database was collected by measuring height, interview onquestionnaire, and 2x24 hour food withdrawal. The analysis showed that the proportion of children aged 24-30 months who experienced stunting was 20.4%. The Mann Whitney Test shows that macronutrient intake, micronutrient intake such as vitamin C and zincshow a significant relationship with stunting. Chi square test showed that macronutrients, micronutrient intake such as vitamin A, age of drinking milk, frequency of milk consumption, mothers education, and mothers knowledge about nutrition showed a significant relationship with stunting. Multivariate analysis results obtained by age drinking milk as a dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-30 months in two sub-districts selected in the District of Cakung."