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"ABSTRACTMercury and arsenic are considered to be among the most toxic metals and have been associated with serious adverse health effects. These two trace metals and other contaminants that are found in fish products are therefore of public concern for food safety reasons. Hence, we selected three marine species to study i.e., yellow fin tuna, marlin and green mussels because of their economic values in the international and local markets. The objective of our study was to determine the arsenic and mercury content in these three marine species as a first step in monitoring metal content in seafood products. The tissue samples of tuna and marlin were collected from the Jakarta Fishing Port, while the green mussels was collected from aqua culture sites in Jakarta Bay. The metal content was determined by ICP MS and validated using CRM DORM Z and DORM 3. The speciation of arsenic (organic and inorganic forms) was determined using HPLC ICPMS. All measurements were based on dry weight samples. The result showed that the mercury concentration in yellow fin tuna, marlin and green mussel samples was 0.68 :1: 0.08 mg kg", 0.56 :1: 0.06 mg kg"and 1.51 :t 0.10 mg kg, respectively. The total arsenic concentration in yellow fin tuna, marlin and green mussel samples was 3.47 i 0.21 mg kg, 2.71 i 0.18 mg kg, and 6.77 :t 0.32 mg kg, respectively. The mercury content in the fish tissue was below the maximum allowable concentration (National Standard of Indonesia 1.0 mg kg), except for the green mussels. For total arsenic concentration, all the samples were above the national standard concentration (1.0 mg kg). The organic arsenic species arsentobetaine (AB) found in tuna and marlin fish samples was not toxic. Inorganic and organic arsenic was found in the green mussel samples. Our results suggest that there is a need to establish a national program to regularly monitor the content of selected trace metals in fishery products."

"ABSTRACTAmphipods inhabit many marine benthic habitats and have an important ecological role. However, there is a lack of information about Indonesian amphipod diversity and distribution, especially in the shallow subtidal sediments of Probolinggo and Tangerang. During the transition to the monsoon season in September 2014, eight subtidal stations were sampled in Bayeman (Probolinggo) on East Java and seven subtidal stations were sampled in Kramat Kebo (Tangerang) in West Java. A total of 7346 amphipods individuals were collected, comprising flve genera. Genus Photis was the most abundant group, followed by Grandidierella and Synchelidium. Multivariate analyses of these data indicated that sampling location and sediment granulometry were major determinants of distribution and composition of amphipods in Probolinggo and Tangerang."

"ABSTRACTThe increase in research activities in recent years has generated a lot of data to be analysed. Research related communities need powerful software to perform their analyses, which can be a problem. particularly for those who live in developing countries, where the proprietary programs are often unaffordable. R may provide a solution, since it is open source software which can be installed on major operating systems. In addition, it is well maintained by the R Core Team, which ensures that the program and its packages work across platforms. The increasing usage of R, especially in universities, is not only proof that the program can be relied on, but it is also a guarantee that the software will continue developing. R and its capability, particularly for ecological research activities, will be described in this short note."

"ABSTRACTAlginate extracted from brown seaweed has gelling properties that make it useful as a wall material in encapsulation systems. Liquid smoke contains the active substances, such as phenols, which can preserve food. In order to protect the active substances, liquid smoke is encapsulated by using alginate and maltodextrin. The purpose of this study was to investigate liquid smoke encapsulation technology with maltodextrin and alginate using a spray dryer, to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid smoke. The microcapsules of liquid smoke were made, using a spray dryer SD 04, by encapsulating liquid smoke with two types of wall materials, maltodextrin and the combination of alginatemaltodextrin. The ratio of liquid smoke to total solids (wall materials) was 9:1 (v/w). The alginate concentration used was 0.5 to 2% (w/v). Parameters observed in this study were phenol release, shape and morphology, encapsulant efficiency, drying yield, phenol marker and, particle size. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications. The best treatment was obtained by using the alginate with a concentration of 1% (w/v) and maltodextrin of 9% (w/v) with phenol release of 2.52% (w/w) in the 20 minute of release, encapsulant efficiency of 45.13% and drying yield of 28.74%. The particle size analyzer results showed that the particles were agglomerating. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation illustrated that all treatments have a better capsule morphology than the controls, whereas Optilab image processing and analysis software results showed that phenolic compounds are encapsulated by wall materials used."

"ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of the addition of coral rubble and polyvinylchloride (PVC) guttering as substrates on the growth of the donkey ear abalone (Haliotis asinina) reared in a How through water system. The tanks were 100 cm long x 50 cm wide x 40 cm deep, filled with sea water up to a height of 30 cm. Hatchery produced abalone, with a mean initial shell length of 30.9 i 0.1 mm and wet weight of 5.51: 0.1 g. were stocked at 25 individuals per tank that corresponds to stocking densities of ca. 50 abalone m'2 at the bottom of the tank. Juvenile abalone were provided with plenty of red seaweed Gracilaria spp daily over 175 days. The results show that the growth and growth rates in shell length and wet body weight were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Survival rates of juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of coral rubble and/or PVC guttering were 100%, but 98% for juveniles in the tank without the addition of substrate. The average daily growth rates of shell length and wet body weight were 0.08710037 mm and 008810.044 g for juveniles reared in the tank with coral rubble 0.08110030 mm and 0.07710032 g for juveniles reared in the tank with PVC guttering and 008210.032 mm and 007810.039 g for juveniles reared in the tank without substrates. Juveniles reared in tanks with a flow through water system grew very well. The increase of body weight was more than double (>250%) the initial size."

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Teluk Jakarta merupakan perairan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang sangat tinggi karena posisinya yang berada di Ibu Kota Indonesia namum perairan ini juga memiliki beban masukan yang tinggi mulai dari kegiatan domestik, industri, ataupun pertanian dari 13 muara sungai di sekitarnya yang berasal dari wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, dan Bekasi sehingga dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kelimpahan klorofil-a. Permasalahan kini muncul karena konsentrasi total material tersuspensi yang melebihi daya dukung perairan mendorong produktifitas seperti plankton untuk berkumpul dan tumbuh dengan sangat cepat sehingga menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Atas dasar tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian di Teluk Jakarta dengan tujuan : (1) Menganalisis hubungan Total Suspended Matter (TSM) dan klorofil-a case 2 (CHL2), (2) Menganalisis hubungan parameter fisik kelautan terhadap kesuburan di teluk Jakarta, serta (3) Mensintesis hubungan seluruh variabel penelitian terhadap kesuburan. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari seluruh data dari sensor OLCI-A yang tersedia di GlobColour Project yaitu bulan April 2016 - Desember 2018. Seluruh data diolah menggunakan metode SIG  secara time series untuk mengetahui karakter masing masing variabel terutama terkait pada bulan angin muson. Selanjutnya digunakan analisa regresi linear, uji-F, dan uji-T untuk mengetahui hubungan terhadap variabel penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain terdapat  hubungan yang sangat kuat antara TSM dan CHL2 dengan nilai R = 0,905 dan nilai P= 0,000 < 0,05, parameter kelautan yang dominan terhadap kesuburan adalah parameter arus laut terutama pada musim barat, variabel penelitian dengan variansi searah kuat yaitu CHL2 dengan TSM dan arus laut, variansi berkebalikan kuat dengan curah hujan dan temperatur.

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Jakarta bay is a water that have high economic value because of its position in the Indonesian capital city, but these water also have a  high input load due to domestic, industrial, or agricultural activities from the surrounding river estuaries comes from Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi regions that can have an impact on the high concentration of chlorophyll-a. The problem comes when the concentration of TSM exceeds the carrying capacity of the water thus encouraging plankton to grow and develop rapidly so it can cause eutrophication . Based on this, the author conducted research in the Jakarta bay with the following objectives: (1) Analyzing the relationship of TSM and Chlorophyll-a Case 2 (CHL2), (2) Analyzing the relationship of marine physical parameter to productivity in Jakarta bay, and (3) Synthesize the relationship of all data variables to productivity. Data collection was conducted in April 2016 – December 2018 using monthly data from OLCI-A sensors available at GlobColour project. All data were processed using the GIS and time series method to determine the character of each variable, especially related to Monsoon. Furhermore, linear regression analysis, F-Test and T-Testwere used to determine the relationship to the research variables. The result obtaineda very strong relationship between TSM and CHL2 with R value 0,905 and P value 0,000<0,05, in the marine physical parameters, the dominant parameter was sea current that distribute productivity. Research variables that have a strong relationship were CHL2 with TSM, current velocity, rainfall, and temperature.

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"Posisi strategis dan sumber daya alam kelautan yang melimpah, tidak menjamin Indonesia untuk mengambil keuntungan dari potensi alamiah ini. Kelemahan penegakan keamanan dan penegakan hukum laut membuat maraknya berbagai ancaman keamanan di perairan Indonesia seperti perompakan, penangkapan ikan illegal, dan pengangkutan kayo illegal. Berbagai ancarnan keamanan laut ini memberikan dampak negatif terhadap sejumlah aspek ketahanan nasional seperti politik, ekonomi dan keamanan. Melalui metode TOWS, tesis ini akan menjelaskan secara kritis data - data kualitatif tentang kekuatan dan kelemahan internal dalam sistem keamanan laut, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal yang mempengaruhi sistem tersebut. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia membutuhkan penataan sistem keamanan laut yang memperhatikan aspek politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan baik di tingkat domestik maupun internasional dengan menerapkan strategi penyempurnaan sistem koordinasi yang telah ada untuk strategi jangka pendek, sambil mempersiapkan dan membentuk Indonesia Coast Guard yang rnerupakan strategi berikutnya.

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The Strategical position waters and riched maritime resources did not guarantee Indonesia using advantages of this natural potention. The weakness of maritime security and law enforcement make the various maritime threats e.g sea robbery, illegal fishing and illegal logging in Indonesian waters. This threats made negative influence at the several aspect of national resilience especially politics, economic and security. By the TOWS methode , this thesis will descripts critically the qualitative data about the strength and weakness at internal of the system, and the enfluence of opportunity and threats at the external environment, This thesis concluded that Indonesia need a restructuritation of maritime constabulary concerning the dynamics of security, economic, and politic at domestic and international level by aplicating two strategies. Advancing the coordinating system at the short time strategy, while preparing and making the Indonesian Coast guard as the previous strategy."

"Shallow water acoustics (SWA), the study of how low and medium frequency sound propagates and scatters on the continental shelves of the worlds oceans, has both technical interest and a large number of practical applications. Technically, shallow water poses an interesting medium for the study of acoustic scattering, inverse theory, and propagation physics in a complicated oceanic waveguide. Practically, shallow water acoustics has interest for geophysical exploration, marine mammal studies, and naval applications. Additionally, one notes the very interdisciplinary nature of shallow water acoustics, including acoustical physics, physical oceanography, marine geology, and marine biology. In this specialized volume the authors, all of whom have extensive at-sea experience in US and Russian research efforts, have tried to summarize the main experimental, theoretical, and computational results in shallow water acoustics, with an emphasis on providing physical insight into the topics presented."