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"Nilai-nilai dasar dalam bela negara terefleksikan pada bentuk cinta tanah air, sadar berbangsa dan bernegara, yakin pada Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara, rela berkorban untuk bangsa dan negara serta memiliki kemampuan awal untuk Bela Negara yang dikorelasikan dengan upaya untuk menggerakkan industri kecil nasional di era perdagangan internasional saat ini. Letak keberhasilan sebuah negara berasal dari sumber daya manusianya yang senantiasa sigap dalam menghadapi perubahan sehingga peningkatan kualitas SDM menjadi kunci utama bagi industri kecil nasional bertahan dalam lanskap global kontemporer."

"ABSTRACTThe background of this paper is the fact of social, economical, and political change ofIndonesian in the Reform and global era. It Includes changes in the context of defending statewhich in the past it was understood only as a military activity. The defending of state nowadays hasa broader meaning in economic, social, and cultural context. The defending of state in the contextof economy is more commitment to consume national products than to consume foreign product.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of defending the state in theeconomic context that involves people's habits of favoring foreign products, the impact ofconsumption patterns on selecting external products to foreign exchange reserves, and strategiesthat can be built to make people prefer national products. The method used in this paper isliterature study that is studying references or previous studies related to this issue, and in-depthdiscussion with relevant sources. This has been done to confirm or improve an understanding thetopic being written. The results of this studies are in the form of conclusions and recommendationsto build the pattern of public consumption to prefer national products rather than foreignproducts."

"This paper attempts to discuss the resurgence of the state as an important actor in dealing with energy crisis. The short fall of oil supply and the steady increase of oil consumption in the past few years - which resulted in sharp increase of oil prices - have rendered the state responsible for formulating and implementing energy policies to ensure national security. The discussion will be divided into three main sections. The first section will analyze the resurgence of states as prime actor in international relations. After being sidelined for sometime (due to the transformation of international issues from traditional strategic-military concern into economic and humanitarian concern), the state regained currency in the wake of terrorist and energy threats. The second section will discuss the current energy security problem and how it affects nation-states. The final section will analyze U.S. response to current energy crisis. Attention will be put on how U.S. government produce and implement energy policies to ensure its national security."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pembangunan trayek tol laut terhadap perkembangan jumlah industri mikro dan kecil pada tingkat desa di Indonesia guna memperkaya literatur studi pembangunan khususnya infrastruktur transportasi maritim. Dengan menggunakan Differences-in-Differences yang mengeksploitasi penerapan trayek tol laut secara bertahap, ditemukan bahwa operasionalisasi tol laut meningkatkan jumlah industri mikro dan kecil secara umum. Namun, analisis pada tingkat provinsi menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh operasionalisasi sea toll terhadap jumlah industri mikro dan kecil paling besar dirasakan oleh DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa dibutuhkan waktu empat tahun untuk merasakan dampak operasionalisasi tol laut.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of the development of sea toll routes on the development of micro and small industries at the village level in Indonesia to enrich the literature on development studies, predominantly maritime transportation infrastructure. By using Differences-in-Differences, which exploits staggered implementation of sea toll routes, it is found that the operationalization of sea toll increases the number of micro and small industries. However, analysis at the provincial level shows that the impact of the sea toll operation on the number of micro and small industries is felt most by DKI Jakarta. This study also found that it took four years to feel the impact of operating the sea toll.

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