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"ABSTRACTThe background of this paper is the fact of social, economical, and political change ofIndonesian in the Reform and global era. It Includes changes in the context of defending statewhich in the past it was understood only as a military activity. The defending of state nowadays hasa broader meaning in economic, social, and cultural context. The defending of state in the contextof economy is more commitment to consume national products than to consume foreign product.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of defending the state in theeconomic context that involves people's habits of favoring foreign products, the impact ofconsumption patterns on selecting external products to foreign exchange reserves, and strategiesthat can be built to make people prefer national products. The method used in this paper isliterature study that is studying references or previous studies related to this issue, and in-depthdiscussion with relevant sources. This has been done to confirm or improve an understanding thetopic being written. The results of this studies are in the form of conclusions and recommendationsto build the pattern of public consumption to prefer national products rather than foreignproducts."

"Indonesia currently faces multidimensional threats, from small to large, concerning all aspects of the country's life, from ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, defense, and security. The nature of contemporary threat has a human security aspect rather than only state security. As such, a thorough effort is needed to deal with those Threats, Disruption, Obstacle, Challenge (TDOC). State defense can be the answer to such problems because state defense itself can be interpreted as an obligation and responsibility of citizens to maintain the existence and sovereignty of the state. State defense will be optimal if disseminated through formal education. In this case, the formal education in question is at the level of higher education. This paper proposes that state defense can be held at higher education level in the form of university compulsory course, and is organized under the name State Defense Education. This State Defense Education is not military education or conscription, but an education that is adjusted to the condition and nuance of higher education."

"This paper investigates why and how Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) have engaged in the soft power diplomacy of Islam in post-Suharto Indonesia and how they mobilise their vast resources and networks to do so. The nefarious effects of radical extremism have invited the Muslim world, including Indonesia, to revert to the notion of Islamic moderation, a justly balanced Islam (wasatiyyat Islam), and to promote it nationally and globally. In this sense, both state and non-state actors, such as Muhammadiyah and NU, have pulled themselves into soft power diplomacy. Drawing upon the lens of soft power and public diplomacy theory, this paper finds that Muhammadiyah and NU’s involvement in Indonesia’s soft power and public diplomacy is generated by shared interests in reinstalling a moderate identity at home and abroad. In this vein, through dialogues, cooperation, humanitarian action, and the establishment of special branches and sister organisations, the two most prominent Islamic institutions in Indonesia have attempted to internationalise the best practice of Indonesian Islam, rooted sociologically and historically in tolerance, openness, and temperance. This paper discovers that, although confronted by some weaknesses and challenges, Muhammadiyah and NU constantly attempt to craft global networks of moderate Islam and to recenter Indonesian Islam as a new centre of Islamic civilisation."