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"ABSTRACTSince the start of economic reforms in 1991, Indias trade unions have found themselves increasingly excluded from the political process and marginalized in collective bargaining. Using survey and interview data from the Maharashtra affiliates of two national union federations, this article examines whether social partnership with employers is a viable option for Indian unions to regain influence and protect workers interests, as some analysts have advocated. Its findings indicate that despite Maharashtras supportive regulatory framework, which in theory should facilitate cooperative industrial relations, the realities of workplace employment relations coupled with state indifference and adverse judicial interventions weaken labours prospects for meaningful social partnership."

"ASBTRACTDoes early career unemployment cause future unemployment? The authors approach this question using German administrative matched employer employee data that track almost 700,000 individuals over 24 years. Instrumenting early career unemployment with hrm specific labour demand shocks, they find significant and longlasting scarring effects. In the mean, each additional day of unemployment during the first eight years on the labour market increases unemployment in the following 16 years by half a day. However, quantile regressions show that the scarring effects are much stronger for individuals who already suffer from lengthy and repeated spells of unemployment."

"ABSTRACTInspired by the lump of labour theory, a large number of OECD countries have encouraged the expansion of early retirement policies in response to rising unemployment since the 1970.9. In reality, however; youth employment is found to be positively correlated with older persons employment, although this is simply the overall finding for all OECD countries because most studies estimate average effects. Less is known about diversity in the relationship between youth employment and the employment of older workers. In order to help fill the research gap in this area, this study explores the heterogeneity of that relationship across 20 OECD countries."

"ABSTRACTGlobal union federations (GUFs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been concluding international framework agreements (IFAs) to protect their interests amidst the globalizing economic landscape. By modelling the underlying bargaining processes, the authors show that IFAs can be expected when both sides exhibit risk aversion, although the agreement will favour the less riskaverse side. Since globalization has created fewer vulnerabilities for MNEs than for G UFs, IFAs have so far typically delivered only minimal benefits for labour. But this should change in the future if strengthened transnational union capacities and abilities to threaten MNEs with reputational costs bring greater equalization of attitudes towards risk."

"ABSTRACTThis article analyses the impact of information and consultation regulations specifically the European Information and Consultation Directive on worker participation or employee voice in liberal market economies (LMEs), providing both empirical and theoretical insights to complement existing research on the Directive. Using game theory and the prisoners dilemma framework, and empirical data from 16 case studies, the authors explain why national legislation implementing the Directive is largely ineffective in diffusing mutual gains cooperation in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Three theoretical explanatory propositions advance understanding of the policy impact of information and consultation regulations in LMEs."

"ABSTRACTNo single institution can reduce (longterm) youth unemployment. Welfare and labour market institutions function as bundles, through multiple inter-institutional synergies. Based on a focused literature review for theory and on cluster analysis for empirics, the author identifies five such regimes across the E U-27 and estimates their effects on the youth unemployment ratio and on longterm youth unemployment. The most helpful institutional arrangement for young people in the labour market would be a combination of strong dual apprenticeship embedded in a corporatist labour market regime with high levels of social security, active labour market policy, and spending on education and childcare."

"ABSTRACTThis article investigates the role of voluntary initiatives (VIs) as nongovernmental systems of labour regulation in global value chains (GVCs). To identify the conditions conducive to a more active role for labour in Vls, the authors apply Wrights (2000) theory of the factors enabling positive class compromise to a VI implemented in the Indonesian sportswear industry and extend it to the more complex realities of GVCS. They conclude that if VIs are to create conditions under which decent work can be strengthened, the involvement of strong local labour organizations is required while producers and/or buyers dependence on workers cooperation acts as a catalyst."

"ABSTRAKDalam dua dekade terakhir sistem perdagangan di negara berkembang semakin terbuka dengan berkurangnya hambatan perdagangan melalui tarif impor yang semakin menurun. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya terdapat hubungan teoritis dan empiris antara penurunan tarif impor dan pemintaan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antar penurunan tarif impor dengan permintaan tenaga kerja formal di tingkat kabupaten/kota dalam jangka menengah. Hal ini disebabkan karena pekerja yang terpapar penurunan tarif impor menurut Jones (1975) akan berpindah dan terserap pada sektor yang mengalami keuntungan perdagangan atau kenaikan ekspor. Sementara itu pekerjamembutuhkan waktu untuk melakukan perpindahan antar sektor dan antar daerah untuk terserap pada sektor yang mengalami kenaikan ekspor.Oleh karena itu dalam menganalisis permintaan tenaga kerja manufaktur akibat penurunan tarif impor, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam jangka menengah yaitu dalam periode lima tahun. Denganmenggunakan data tenaga kerja sektor manufaktur pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2015, penelitian ini mengestimasi model pengaruh penurunan tarif impor terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja formal manufaktur dengan regresi tertimbang. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian inimenggunakan pengukuran paparan penurunan tarif impor Dix-Carneiro & Kovak (2017) untuk sektor manufaktur di tingkat kabupaten/kota dan mencakup 22 subsektor manufaktur. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tarif impor sektor manufakturdalam jangka menengah meningkatkan permintaan tenaga kerja formal manufaktur. Pengaruh penurunan tarif impor sektor manufaktur terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja formal manufaktur pada wilayah dengan sektor manufaktur yang beragam lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan pengaruh penurunan tarif impor terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja formal manufaktur. Hal ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberagaman sektor manufaktur sebagai ukuran aglomerasi ekonomi suatu wilayah dapat mengurangi pengaruh paparan penurunan tarif impor karena persaingan harga.

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ABSTRACTIn the last two decades the trading system in developing countries has become more open with reduced trade barriers through declining import tariffs. Based on previous research there is a theoretical and empirical relationship between the reduction in import tariffs and the demand for labor. This study examines the relationship between importtariff reductions and formal labor demand at the district or city level in the medium term. This is because workers exposed to a reduction in import tariffs according to Jones (1975) will move and be absorbed in sectors that experience trade gains or increased exports. Meanwhile, workers need time to make transfers between sectors and between regions to be absorbed in sectors experiencing an increase in exports. Therefore, in analyzing the demand for manufacturing labor due to lower import tariffs, this research was conducted in the medium term, namely in a five-year period. Using the manufacturing sector employment data at the district or city level in Indonesia in 2000 to 2015, this study estimates a model of the effect of decreasing import tariffs on demand for formal manufacturing labor with a weighted regression. In contrast to previous research, this study uses a measurement of exposure to the reduction in import tariffs of Dix-Carneiro & Kovak (2017) for the manufacturing sector at the district or city level and covers 22 manufacturing subsectors. The estimation results show that the reduction in manufacturing sector import tariffs in the medium term increases the demand for formal manufacturing labor. The effect of decreasing import tariffs on the manufacturing sector on the demand for formal manufacturing labor in regions with diverse manufacturing sectors is smaller than the effect of decreasing import tariffs on the demand for formal manufacturing labor. This concludes that the diversity of the manufacturing sector as ameasure of the economic agglomeration of a region can reduce the effect of exposure to falling import tariffs due to price competition."

"Penentuan alokasi personel yang optimal serta efektif dalam sistem perawatan suatu perusahaan mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam penghematan biaya personel. Dalam menciptakan sistem manajemen perawatan yang baik dalam upaya mengoptimalkan jumlah personel dan meminimalkan biaya personel, maka diperlukan perencanaan yang baik berdasarkan data yang akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan model perencanaan personel untuk menentukan alokasi personel yang optimal dan efektif dengan fungsi tujuan meminimalkan biaya personel perawatan dengan menggunakan metode mixed integer linear programming. Hasil penelitian berupa pengembangan model yang efektif dan dapat diterapkan pada kondisi aktual di industri manufaktur secara luas. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi keilmuan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan model perencanaan personel khususnya di bidang perawatan industri.

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Determination of the optimal and effective allocation of personnel in the maintenance system of a company has a very important role in labor cost savings. In creating a good maintenance management system in an effort to optimize the number of personnel and minimize the labor cost, it requires good planning based on accurate data. This study aims to develop a model to solve the problems of manpower planning models to determine the optimal and effective allocation of personnel with the objective function to minimizing the labor cost by using mixed integer linear programming method. Results of the research is the development of an effective model and can be applied to actual conditions in the manufacturing industry widely. We hope this research can give knowledge contribution to solve the problems of manpower planning model, especially in the field of industrial maintenance."