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"ABSTRACTOceans cover 70 percent of the Earth surface. Coastal and shallow water areas contain the most productive and diverse ecosystem, including coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds. Coral reefs, as referred to the tropical rainforest of the ocean, is a marine system whose valued about 30 million USD per year: Coral protects shares and islands from the strong waves and surges. Along with sea grass beds and mangroves, coral reefs acts as the biggest carbon sink from atmosphere in the earth. The tropical coral reefs worldwide cover an area of 284. 000 km2 can absorb carbon as much as 4 milion tons carbondioxide every year: It is five times higher than tropical rain forests can absorb. It is why people called it as blue carbon. On the other hand, some people say that coral reef is also acts as the carbon source."

"ABSTRACTAir poros sedimen menyimpan informasi penting tentang status geokimia dan ekologi sedimen sehingga analisis air paras sedimen sering dilibatkan dalam studi ilmu lingkungan. Secara umum pengambilan air paras sedimen dapat dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu ex situ dan in situ. Metode ex situ dilakukan dengan mengambil sedimen dari Iapangan kemudian air poros diekstraksi di laboratorium menggunakan leknik peras (squeeze) dan juga teknik sentrifugasi. Sedangkan metode in situ dilakukan dengan mengambil air paras langsung dilokasi menggunakan teknik hisap (suction) dan juga teknik dialysis. Artikel ini akan mengulas tentang ke empat teknik pengambilan sampel air poros sedimen yang umum digunakan beserta kelebihan dan kekurangan masing masing teknik. Dari keempat teknik tersebut, tidak terdapat teknik yang paling unggul dan paling dianjurkan penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan teknik yang lainnya. Pemilihan teknik yang tepat harus disesuaikan dengan tujuan dari pengambilan sampel itu sendiri."

"Ekosistem terumbu karang yang baik dapat bermanfaat bagi keberlangsungan hidup habitat ikan serta ekosistem perairan. Pada penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh aktivitas manusia terhadap persebaran terumbu karang di Wilayah Perairan Pulau Samatellu Lompo, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan pata tahun 2000, 2014, 2018, serta 2021. Persebaran terumbu karang didapatkan melalui survei lapang dengan menggunakan metode foto transek bawah air, serta melakukan pengolahan data citra menggunakan algoritma Lyzenga untuk koreksi kolom air, setelah itu dilakukan proses klasifikan objek perairan dengan klasifikasi unsupervised. Terkait aktivitas manusia yang mempengaruhi kerusakan terumbu karang didapatkan melalui wawancara terhadap informan serta mencari studi literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terumbu karang di Perairan Samatellu lompo semakin menurun dari tahun 2000-2021. Pada tahun 2000 luas karang hidup yaitu sebesar 13,53 ha, sedangkan tahun 2021 karang hidup menurun dengan luas sebesar 8,031 ha. Kegiatan destructive fishing, yakni kegiatan penangkapan ikan dengan cara yang merusak seperti pemboman serta pembiusan manusia menjadi faktor utama dalam kerusakan terumbu karang. Berdasarkan pengalaman serta pengetahuan informan, diketahui bahwa wilayah yang biasa dijadikan sebagai kegiatan destructive fishing adalah di bagian barat serta utara perairan Samatellu Lompo. Dengan menggunakan pemboman dapat mengakibatkan karang berubah menjadi pecahan karang atau rubble.

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Good coral reef ecosystem can be beneficial for the survival of fish habitats and aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the influence of human activities on the distribution of coral reefs in the waters of Samatellu Lompo Island, Pangkajene Islands Regency, South Sulawesi in 2000, 2014, 2018, and 2021. Distribution of coral reefs was obtained through a field survey using the photo method. underwater transects, like processing image data using the Lyzenga algorithm for air column correction, after the process of classifying aquatic objects with unsupervised classification. Human activities that affect coral reef damage obtained through interviews with informants and looking for related literature studies. The results showed that the coral reefs in the Samatellu Lompo waters decreased from 2000-2021. In 2000, area of live coral was 13.53 ha, while in 2021, decreased by 8,031 ha. Destructive fishing activities, namely fishing activities in destructive ways such as bombing and anesthesia are the main factors in the destruction of coral reefs. Based on the experience and knowledge from informants, it’s known that the areas commonly used as destructive fishing activities are in the western and northern waters of Samatellu Lompo that causing coral to turn into dead coral or rubble."

"ABSTRACTFishing activities currently require good management, in order to meet the protein needs of the community. Knowledge on the distribution pattern of fishes related to the condition of marine waters is one way of good management efforts. Several oceanographic parameters that can affect the distribution of fishes are SST (Sea Surface Temperature), chlorophyll a, salinity, and others. Each type offish has different optimal level of particular oceanographic parameters. The distribution of oceanographic parameters are effected by West monsoon, East monsoon and the season inbetween. Therefore, by studying oceanographic parameters on a regular basis, we can determine the fishing areas."

"ABSTRACTMECHANISM OF GENETIC DISORDER AND MUTATION ON BIVALVES INFLUENCED BY LEAD. Bivalves have a feeding mechanism of suspension-feeder or deposit-feeder or both, making bivalves consume the material contained in either beneficial or toxic water. Bivalve can survive even with the condition of polluted waters, including the concentration of heavy metals that exceed a specified threshold. Lead is one type of harmful pollutants originating from anthropogenic activities and contaminated marine waters. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about the process or mechanism of bivalves to defend itself against lead, which can be found in their environment, especially genetic disorders and mutations that may be experienced by marine bivalves as a result of exposure to lead."

"This book represents the Proceedings of the 37th European Marine Biology Symposium, held in Reykjavík, Iceland, 5-9 August 2002. The main themes of the symposium were Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms. These themes are highly relevant today. There is widespread man-aided dispersal (e.g. by ballast water) of marine plants and animals, which may have substantial effects on the regions receiving new species. The new introductions may result in reduced diversity of plants and animals and may affect natural resources in the countries receiving toxic algae and other foreign elements. Studies of changes in distribution and dispersal of marine animals and plants are also highly relevant with reference to the changing climate taking place. The study of dispersal has recently gained new impetus with the discovery of the remarkable communities found on isolated hydrothermal vents and cold water seeps in the world's oceans."

"This volume offers a general description of reservoir limnology in tropical and subtropical China. It functions as a window opening to all the aquatic scientists with a main focus on reservoirs in southern China and at the same time also covering several important, large reservoirs such as the Three Gorge Reservoir and Danjiangko Reservoir. Topics discussed are zooplankton, phytoplankton and zoobenthos communities, cyanobateria, nutrient budget, sediments, biogeochemical cycling of mercury, fishery and eutrophication."

"Untuk mengetahui adanya persaingan dalam pemanfatan tumbuhan air sebagai pakan oleh Pila sp. dan Pomacea sp. telah dilakukan suatu penelitian deskriptifeksperimental di green house Biologi FMIPA UI, Depok. Dalam penelitian, digunakan Pila sp. dan Pomacea sp. yang masing-masing dikelompokkan berdasarkan ukuran tinggi cangkang yaitu kelompok 1 (0-1,49 cm), kelompok I I (I ,5-2,49 cm), kelompok I I I (2,5-3,49 cm), kelompok 1V (3,5-4,49 cm), kelompok V (4,5-5,49 cm). Masing-masing kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan 3 Jenis tumbuhan air yaitu daun padi, daun teratai dan Hydrilla sebagai pakannya. Pengamatan kecepatan makan masing-masing kelompok dilakukan setiap 24 jam selama 5 hari. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari data hasil pengamatan adalah: Tumbuhan Hydrilla merupakan tumbuhan air yang paling banyak dikonsumsi; Kecepatan makan rata-rata Individu masing-masing kelompok terhadap Hydrilla baru terlihat berbeda pada kelompok III (2,5-3,49 cm); Kecepatan makan rata-rata Pita sp. per hari semakin meningkat sesuai dengan pertambahan ukuran tinggi cangkang (sampai dengan ukuran tinggi cangkang 3,5-4,49 cm) kemudian menurun dan cenderung konstan pada ukuran tinggi cangkang 4,5-5,49 cm); Kecepatan makan rata-rata Pomacea sp. per hari semakin meningkat sesuai dengan pertambahan ukuran tinggi cangkang."