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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asupan asam amino taurin dan korelasinya dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada darah pasien osteoartritis lutut. Pada osteoartritis terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara prooksidan dengan antioksidan sehingga menimbulkan keadaan yang disebut stres oksidatif. Antioksidan enzimatik superoksida dismutase berperan dalam mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif dengan cara memutus reaksi berantai radikal bebas sejak awal. Superoksida dismutase bekerja dengan cara mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida. Pada osteoartritis diketahui terjadi peningkatan superoksida dan penurunan aktivitas superoksida dismutase. Asam amino taurin merupakan asam amino yang terdapat dalam jumlah tinggi di tubuh namun tidak ikut berperan serta dalam sintesis protein. Asam amino taurin banyak terdapat dalam bahan makanan sumber protein hewani terutama ikan, daging dan hasil laut. Asam amino taurin mempunyai beberapa sifat antara lain sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan kondroprotektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengan melibatkan 56 subjek OA lutut yang direkrut melalui consecutive sampling. Asupan taurin diambil dengan metode FFQ semikuantitatif. Sampel aktivitas superoksida dismutase diambil dari darah dan diukur menggunakan RANSOD SD 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi dengan SPSS. Rerata usia adalah 50,75 6,17 tahun, sebanyak 89,3 berjenis kelamin perempuan. Median asupan asam amino taurin adalah 59,77 15,96-278,57 mg per hari. Median aktivitas superoksida dismutase adalah 274,97 152,48-360,97 unit/mL dan didapatkan sebanyak 64,3 subjek dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase yang meningkat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna dengan kekuatan lemah p = 0,034, r = 0,284 antara asupan asam amino taurin dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut. Kesimpulan: asupan asam amino taurin mungkin mempunyai peranan dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut.

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The aim of this research was to observe the correlation between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activities on knee osteoarthritis patients. In osteoarthritis there is an imbalance state between pro oxidant and anti oxidant causing oxidative stress. The enzymatic anti oxidant superoxide dismutase plays an important role in stopping the occurrence of oxidative stress by cutting off the free radicals rsquo chain reaction from the beginning. Superoxide dismutase works by catalyzing superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Osteoarthritis cases are known by the increase of superoxide and the decrease of superoxide dismutase activities. Taurine is an amino acid that is found abundant in human body that does not play a role in protein synthesis reaction. Taurine amino acid is found in several food sources including fish, meat, and seafood. Taurine amino acid has several characteristics including anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, and chondro protective. This study used cross sectional design with 56 knee osteoarthritis subjects recruited through consecutive sampling. Taurine intake was obtained by semiquantitative FFQ method. The superoxide dismutase activity sample was obtained from whole blood and measured using RANSOD SD 125 with spectrophotometric method. The statistical test used correlation test with SPSS. The mean age was 50.75 6.17 years old, with 89.3 of them were females. Median for taurine intakes was 59.77 15.96 ndash 278.57 mg per day. Median for the superoxide dismutase activities was 274.97 152.48 ndash 360.97 unit per ml, and 64.3 of the subjects with increasing superoxide dismutase activity. This research found a positive yet low significant correlation p 0,034, r 0,284 between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion The taurine amino acid intake may have a role with the superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis."

"Osteoartritis OA adalah penyakit sendi kronis yang merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas menahun di dunia saat ini. Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis OA adalah terjadinya stres oksidatif berlebih, yang menginduksi kerusakan kondrosit akibat dan ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar malondialdehid MDA . Asam lemak omega-3 memiliki peran dalam menghambat terjadinya stres oksidatif, namun sebaliknya asam lemak omega-6 memiliki fungsi yang berlawanan. Kedua asam lemak ini bersifat esensial di dalam tubuh, dan kadarnya ditentukan oleh asupan dari bahan makanan sumber. Rasio antara asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 yang optimal dapat mengurangi terjadinya stres oksidatif dalam tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 terhadap kadar MDA plasma pada pasien OA lutut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di poli ortopedi RS Bhayangkara Tk I RS. Sukanto dan RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, terhadap pasien OA lutut derajat 2-4, berusia 40-60 tahun, pada bulan April-Mei 2018. Asupan asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 untuk 1 bulan ke belakang didapatkan dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Besarnya rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 dihitung dengan cara membagi rata-rata asupan harian asam lemak omega-6 total dengan rata-rata asupan harian asam lemak omega-3 total. Kadar MDA plasma diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri. Dari 57 subjek yang mengikuti penelitian, didapatkan rerata usia 50 tahun, sebanyak 87,7 adalah subjek perempuan, serta sebagian besar 89,5 masuk dalam kategori obesitas. Persentase asupan kedua asam lemak masih kurang bila dibandingkan dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi AKG , dengan nilai tengah asupan asam lemak omega-3 total subjek adalah 0,864 0,351-2,200 g/hari, sedangkan asupan asam lemak omega-6 total sebesar 6,830 3,066-19,110 g/hari. Didapatkan rerata rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 yaitu 8,8:1, dan rerata kadar MDA plasma pada subjek sebesar 0,773 0,199 nmol/mL. Setelah mengontrol faktor usia, IMT dan skor aktivitas fisik dengan uji regresi linear ganda, didapatkan hasil setiap kenaikan 1 unit rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 dapat meningkatkan kadar MDA plasma sebesar 0,023 nmol/mL = 0,023, 95 CI = 0,004 ndash; 0,042, p = 0,017 . Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 yang tinggi berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar MDA plasma pada pasien OA lutut derajat II-IV. Oleh karena itu diperlukan edukasi untuk mendapatkan rasio yang optimal sehingga dapat mecegah peningkatan progresivitas OA lutut.

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Osteoarthritis OA is a chronic disease characterized by joint pain, and is a major cause of disability in the patient. One of several factors in the pathogenesis of OA is the generation of oxidative stress, inducing chondrocytes apoptosis due to lipid peroxidation, characterized by the increasing of malondialdehyde MDA level. Omega 3 fatty acids have role in inhibiting the oxidative stress, meanwhile omega 6 hold contradicting role. Both fatty acids are essential in human body, and their levels are determined by the intake from the food sources. The omega 6 omega 3 ratio should be optimal in order to reduce the oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the association between the ratio of omega 6 omega 3 fatty acids intake to MDA plasma level in patients with knee OA. This was a cross sectional study, conducted at orthopedic clinic at Bhayangkara RS. Sukanto Hospital and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, in patients with II IV grade Kellgren Lawrence of knee OA, aged between 40 60 years. The 1 month history of omega 3 and omega 6 intake was obtained by using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The omega 6 omega 3 ratio was calculated by dividing the average daily intake of total omega 6 fatty acids by the average daily intake of total omega 3 fatty acids. The MDA plasma level was measured by spectrophotometry method. Of 57 subjects participated, the mean age was 50 years, 87,7 were female, and mostly 89,5 were obese. The percentage of both fatty acids intake was below the Recommended Dietary Allowance RDA , the median for omega 3 and omega 6 intake were 0,864 0,351 2,200 g day and 6,830 3,066 19,110 g day. Thus the ratio of omega 6 omega 3 intake was 8,8 1, and the mean MDA plasma level was 0,773 0,199 nmol mL. The age, BMI, and physical activity score variables were then controlled through multiple linear regression test. The results found were the increase of 1 unit of omega 6 omega 3 intake ratio would increase MDA level of 0,023 nmol mL 0,023, 95 CI 0,004 ndash 0,042, p 0,017 . A high ratio of omega 6 omega 3 intake is associated with elevated plasma MDA level in knee OA patients. Therefore, a subsequent education is necessary in achieving optimal ratio thus prevent the progressivity of knee OA."

"Latar Belakang: Hitung limfosit total berhubungan dengan prognosis serta harapan hidup pasien kanker kepala leher. Regulasi limfosit dipengaruhi berbagai hal termasuk nutrisi. Salah satu zat gizi yang berperan dalam proliferasi limfosit adalah asam amino rantai cabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan hitung limfosit total pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher.Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada subjek dewasa dengan kanker kepala leher yang belum menjalani terapi di poliklinik radioterapi dan hematologi onkologi medik RSCM. Asupan asam amino rantai cabang dinilai dengan 3 x 24-h food recall dan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Hitung limfosit total diukur dengan differential blood cell counter.Hasil: Sebanyak 85 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 53 tahun, dengan sebagian besar laki-laki, terdiagnosis kanker nasofaring dengan jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa dan stadium IV. Rerata subjek memiliki status gizi normal, dengan rerata asupan energi 29,99 ± 0,95 kkal/kgBB dan protein 1,39 ± 0,05 g/kgBB dengan penilaian FFQ semi kuantitatif. Rerata asupan AARC pada subjek sebesar 10,92 ± 0,48 gram dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Sebagian besar subyek memiliki hitung limfosit total pada rentang normal. Terdapat sebanyak 17.6% subyek dengan hitung limfosit total yang rendah. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan hitung limfosit total (r=0,230, p=0,029).Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi bermakna yang lemah antara asupan AARC dengan hitung limfosit total pada subjek kanker kepala leher yang belum menjalani kemoradioterapi.

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Background: Total lymphocyte count is related with prognosis and survival rate of head and neck cancer patients. Lymphocyte regulation is affected by multiple factors, including nutrition. One of the nutrients that plays role in lymphocyte proliferation is branched-chain amino acids. This study aims to investigate the correlation between branched-chain amino acid and total lymphocyte count in head and cancer patients.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adults with head and neck cancer who had not undergone therapy at the radiotherapy and medical hematology oncology clinic at RSCM. Branched-chain amino acid intake was assessed using 3x24-h food recall and semi quantitative FFQ. Total lymphocyte count was measured with differential blood cell counter.

Results: Eighty-five subjects with a mean age of 53 years, mostly are male, diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, with histopathology appearance of squamous cell carcinoma, and stage IV cancer. The average subject had normal nutritional status, with an average intake of 29.99 ± 0.95 kcal/kgBW of energy and 1.39 ± 0.05 g/kgBW of protein with a semi quantitative FFQ assessment. The average branched-chain amino acid intake in subjects was 10,92 ± 0,48 gram with semi quantitative FFQ. There were 17.6% subjects with low total lymphocyte count. There was a low correlation between intake of branched-chain amino acids and total lymphocyte count (r=0,230, p=0,029).

Conclusion: There was a significant low correlation between branched-chain amino acids intake with total lymphocyte count in head and neck cancer subjects who had not undergone chemoradiotherapy."

"Latar Belakang: Tumor sistem saraf pusat (SSP) meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial dan menyebabkan berbagai gangguan neurologis yang dapat memengaruhi status gizi pasien. Status gizi memengaruhi imunitas bawaan dan adaptif. Pada hampir semua jenis keganasan kadar asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) didapatkan rendah. Asam amino rantai cabang meningkatkan imunitas dengan meningkatkan fagositik neutrofil, proliferasi limfosit, sintesis protein, menjaga jalur pensinyalan yang sensitif terhadap nutrisi. Rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) menggambarkan keseimbangan sistem imunitas dengan inflamasi. Peningkatan RNL dihubungkan dengan penurunan respon imun tubuh, terapi, harapan hidup dan prognosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan AARC terhadap RNL pada pasien tumor SSP.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien tumor SSP yang dirawat di RSCM. Karakteristik subjek berupa usia, jenis kelamin, jenis tumor, defisit neurologis, status performa karnofsky, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status gizi berdasarkan ASPEN, penyakit komorbid, status infeksi, kemoterapi, radiasi, dan atau kemoradiasi, terapi glukokortikoid, asupan energi dan protein, asupan AARC, serta nilai RNL. Dilakukan analisis hubungan antara dua kelompok asupan AARC yang dibagi sesuai median populasi penelitian terhadap RNL.Hasil: Terdapat 66 subjek penelitian dengan median usia 48 tahun, mayoritas subjek perempuan (56,1%), dengan jenis tumor sekunder sebanyak 38 subjek (57,6%). Defisit neurologis tertinggi berupa nyeri kepala (60,6%), proporsi status performa karnofsky terganggu sedang-berat (60,6%). Proporsi IMT estimasi normal sebanyak 34,8%, rerata IMT 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, dengan mayoritas malnutrisi (54,5%) berdasarkan kriteria ASPEN. Mayoritas subjek tidak memiliki komorbid (65,2%), tidak infeksi (80,3%), tidak menjalani kemoterapi, radiasi dan atau kemoradiasi (84,8%), serta tidak mendapat glukokortikoid (71,2%). Rerata asupan energi 1519 kkal, protein 65 g/hari, median AARC 9 g/hari. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL (p=0,047) pada kelompok asupan AARC <9 g/hari (median RNL 4,9); pada kelompok asupan AARC ≥9 g/hari (median RNL 3,1).

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Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors increase intracranial pressure and cause various neurological disorders that can affect the nutritional status of patients. Nutritional status influences both innate and adaptive immunity. In almost all malignancies, low levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are observed. Branched-chain amino acids enhance immunity by increasing neutrophil phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, protein synthesis, and maintaining nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the balance of the immune system with inflammation. An elevated NLR is associated with decreased body immune response, therapy outcomes, life expectancy, and prognosis. This study aims to determine the relationship between BCAA intake and NLR in CNS tumor patients.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study on CNS tumor patients treated at RSCM. Subject characteristics include age, gender, tumor type, neurological deficits, Karnofsky performance status, body mass index (BMI), nutrition status based on ASPEN, comorbidities, infection status, chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation, glucocorticoid therapy, energy, and protein intake, BCAA intake, and NLR values. The analysis examines the relationship between two groups of BCAA intake divided according to the study population's median with NLR.

Results: There were 66 study subjects with a median age of 48 years, mostly female subjects (56,1%), with 38 subjects (57,6%) having secondary tumors. The highest neurological deficit was headache (60,6%), and the majority have a moderately to severely impaired Karnofsky performance status (60,6%). The proportion of estimated normal Body Mass Index (BMI) was 34.8%, with a mean BMI of 23,46 ± 4,95 kg/m2, and the majority were malnourished (54,5%) based on ASPEN criteria. Most subjects had no comorbidities (65,2%), no infections (80,3%), did not undergo chemotherapy, radiation, and/or chemoradiation (84,8%), and did not receive glucocorticoids (71.2%). The mean energy intake was 1519 kcal, protein intake 65 g/day, and the median BCAA was 9 g/day. There was a significant difference in the NLR values (p=0,047) between the group with BCAA intake <9 g/day (median NLR 4,9) and the group with BCAA intake ≥9 g/day (median NLR 3,1).

Conclusion: BCAA intake is related to NLR values in CNS tumor patients. Higher BCAA intake is associated with lower NLR values."

"Pada penelitian ini, asam risinoleat diesterifikasi dengan dry metanol dan katalis KOH dengan sistem reflux. Metil risinoleat yang terbentuk dioksidasi pada ikatan rangkapnya membentuk diol menggunakan KMnO4 encer dalam suasana basa pada suhu 0oC. Metil risinoleat kemudian diamidasi menggunakan asam amino glisin dan asam amino fenilalanin untuk menghasilkan senyawa lipoamida. Hasil karakterisasi lipoamida yang terbentuk menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan adanya pita serapan ulur N-H dan O-H yang overlaping pada bilangan gelombang 3445,47 cm-1 untuk lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 3434,06 cm-1 untuk lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Selain itu, muncul puncak serapan medium vibrasi C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1217,90 cm-1 pada lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 1217,59 cm-1 pada lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Hal ini menunjukkan ikatan amida yang terbentuk dari proses amidasi. Hasil uji sitotoksik MTT senyawa lipoamida terhadap sel HeLa menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 lipoamida glisin-risinoleat sebesar 120 µg/mL yang termasuk ke dalam kategori cukup aktif, sedangkan IC50 lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat sebesar 250 µg/mL yang tergolong memiliki sifat sitotoksisitas yang lemah terhadap sel HeLa.

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In this study, ricinoleic acid from castor oil was esterified with dry methanol and KOH catalyst using the reflux system. The methyl ricinoleate formed was oxidized on its double bonds to form a diol using dilute KMnO4 under alkaline conditions at 0oC. Methyl ricinoleate was then reacted through amidation process using amino acid glycine and amino acid phenylalanine to produce lipoamides. The results of characterization of lipoamides formed using FTIR showed that there were overlapping N-H and O-H stretch bands at wave numbers 3445.47 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 3434.06 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. In addition, the medium absorption peak of C-N appeared at the wave number 1217.90 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 1217.59 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. These showed that the amide bonds were formed from the amidation process. The results of the MTT cytotoxic assay of lipoamide compounds against HeLa cells showed that the IC50 value of glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 120 µg / mL which was considered quite active, while the IC50 value of phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 250 µg / mL which was classified as having weak cytotoxicity properties against HeLa cells"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase LDH serum dan korelasinya dengan asupan karbohidrat pada pasien kanker paru stadium lanjut di Rumah Sakit Kanker Nasional Dharmais Jakarta. Pada sel kanker terjadi efek Warburg yaitu kecenderungan sel kanker untuk melakukan glikolisis anaerob. Enzim LDH berfungsi sebagai katalisator untuk mengubah piruvat menjadi laktat pada keadaan anaerob. Peran laktat pada pada sel kanker meliputi inisiasi pertumbuhan tumor, menjaga kelangsungan sel kanker, proliferasi, angiogenesis, dan metastasis. LDH dapat digunakan sebagai marker diagnostik, penentu prognosis, sensitivitas dan resistensi tumor terhadap terapi, dan target potensial untuk kemoterapi. Subjek didapatkan melalui consecutive sampling yang melibatkan 56 subjek kanker paru stadium lanjut. Rerata usia hasil adalah 56,98 10,36 tahun, sebanyak 55,4 berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Asupan karbohidrat berdasarkan food recall 1 x 24 jam adalah 57,64 10,85 , sedangkan berdasarkan food frequency questionnaire FFQ semikuantitatif adalah 57,98 10,50 . Nilai median aktivitas LDH adalah 541,5 164 ndash;6539 IU/L yang sebanyak 60,7 aktivitasnya meningkat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan korelasi negatif yang bermakna dengan kekuatan sedang p = 0,017, r = - 0,317 antara asupan total karbohidrat per hari dalam gram berdasarkan metode food recall 1 x 24 jam dengan aktivitas LDH serum. Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara total karbohidrat per hari dalam gram berdasarkan metode FFQ semikuantitatif dan asupan karbohidrat terhadap total energi dengan aktivitas LDH baik berdasarkan metode FFQ semikuantitatif dan food recall 1 x 24 jam.Kesimpulan: Asupan karbohidrat dalam 24 jam berkorelasi negatif bermakna dengan aktivitas LDH serum pada pasien kanker paru stadium lanjut.

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The aim of this study is to determine serum lactate dehydrogenase LDH activity and its correlation with carbohydrate intake in advanced lung cancer patients at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital Jakarta. Cancer cells are characterized by increase anaerobic glycolysis termed the Warburg effect. LDH enzyme catalyzes the convertion of lactate to pyruvate in anaerobic condition. Activity of lactate in cancer influences on tumor growth initiation, tumor survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Serum LDH activity can be used as a diagnostic marker, prognostic marker, predictive marker for tumor sensitivity and resistancy to therapy, and potensial target for chemotherapy. 56 subjects of advanced lung cancer are recruited by consecutive sampling. The mean of age subjects is 56,98 10,36 years old and 55,4 were male. Carbohydrate intake based on food recall 1 x 24 hours is 57,64 10,85 , while based on food frequency questionnaire FFQ semiquantitative is 57,98 10,50 . The median of LDH activity is 541,5 164 ndash 6539 IU L and 60,7 is increse. This study show medium negative significant correlation p 0,017, r 0,317 between total carbohydrate intake per day in grams based on food recall 1 x 24 hours with LDH serum activity. There is no significant correlation between total carbohydrate intake per day in grams based FFQ semiquantitative and carbohydrate intake of total energy with LDH serum activity based on food recall 1 x 24 hours and FFQ semiquantitative. In conclusion, there is medium negative significant correlation between carbohydrate intake in 24 hours with LDH serum activity in advanced lung cancer patients."

"ABSTRAKPada lanjut usia terjadi penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot yang memengaruhikapasitas fungsional sehingga meningkatkan risiko sarkopenia. Salah satu faktor yang dinilai dapat memengaruhi penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot pada lansia adalah menurunnya asupan protein dan asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) sehingga akan memengaruhi status protein viseral terutama prealbumin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai hubungan antara asupan protein, AARC dan kadar prealbumin dengan kekuatan otot pada lansia. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada 52 lansia dari bulan April-Mei 2016. Data asupan makanan yang meliputi asupan energi, kalori non protein, protein dan AARC didapatkan dari food record 2x24 jam. Pengambilan darah dilakukan setelah subjek berpuasa ± 8 jam dan pengukuran kekuatan otot dengan handgrip dynamometer merk Jamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kekuatan genggam tangan dengan asupan protein (r=0,21 dan p=0,11), asupan AARC (r=0,18 dan p=0,19), dan kadar prealbumin serum (r=-0,05 dan p=0,69). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa asupan protein yang rendah tetapi disertai dengan asupan energi dan AARC yang cukup akan memengaruhi kadar prealbumin serum dan kekuatan otot tetap berada pada nilai normal, walaupun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik.

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ABSTRACTThe decrease of muscle mass and strength in elderly people will affect thefunctional capacity and increase the risk of sarcopenia. One factor that can affect the loss of mass and muscle strength in elderly is the decrease in protein and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) intakes. This will affect the visceral protein status, especially prealbumin. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between intake of protein, BCAA and serum prealbumin level with muscle strength in elderly people. The methodology of this research is a cross-sectional study with 52 elderly people from April-May 2016. Food intake include energy, non-protein calorie (NPC), protein, and BCAA which is obtained from 2x24 hours food records. Blood sampling was performed after the subjects fasted for ± 8 hours, and muscle strength was measured with a Jamar's handgrip dynamometer. The results show there are no correlation between protein intake with the hand grip strength (r = 0,21 and p = 0,11), as well as AARC intake (r = 0,18 and p = 0,19) and prealbumin serum level (r = -0,056 and p = 0,69). This study concludes that low protein intake but accompanied with sufficient energy intake and BCAA will affect serum prealbumin level and muscle strength will be remained at normal values, however a statistically significant relationship is not found."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Protein merupakan salah satu nutrisi penting dalam pertumbuhan yang kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh asam amino pembentuknya. Asam amino merupakan bahan baku pembangun semua jenis sel, berperan dalam homeostasis, pertahanan tubuh, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan untuk mendapatkan gambaran profil asam amino meliputi glisin, alanin, prolin, valin, leusin, ornitin, metionin, fenilalanin, arginin, sitrulin, tirosin, aspartat, dan glutamat menggunakan metode LC-MS/MS pada anak undenutrition dan anak normal di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan 60 subjek, penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Desember 2016 sampai April 2017. Sampel menggunakan dry blood spot dan diperiksa dengan metode LC-MS/MS. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan 12 anak undernutrition dan 18 anak normal dengan rerata berat badan, tinggi badan dan ketiga z-score BB_TB, BB_U, dan TB_U didapatkan lebih rendah secara bermakna pada kelompok undernutrition. Hasil CV uji ketelitian within run asam amino dengan LC-MS/MS berkisar 1.76 ndash; 12.03 . Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara profil asam amino esensial anak undernutrition dan anak normal, namun didapatkan perbedaan untuk asam amino non esensial kadar glisin dan glutamat lebih tinggi pada kelompok undernutrition dan bermakna secara statistik.

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ABSTRACTBackground Protein is one of the nutrients needed for child rsquo s growth, of which quality is affected by its constituent amino acids. Amino acids are essential to all types of cells, playing a role in homeostasis, the body 39 s defenses, growth, and development. This study is a preliminary study that aims to determine the profile of amino acids consisting of glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucyne, ornithine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, citruline, tyrosine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid using LC MS MS method in normal and undernutrition child at RSUPN CM. Method This was a descriptive analitic study conducted on 60 subjects, the study was held on December 2016 until April 2017. Sample using dry blood spot and analyzed with LC MS MS method. Result Study subjects consisted of 12 undernutrition and 18 normal children with a mean weight, height, and all z score W H, W A, H A are lower in undernutrition group. Within run result demonstrated a CV amino acid with LC MS MS ranged from 1.76 ndash 12.03 . Conclusion There were no difference between normal child rsquo s essential amino acid profile with undernutrition child rsquo s, but there were difference for non essential amino acid glisine and glutamate gives a significantly higher result in undernutrition group. "

"Latar Belakang L-Sitrulin merupakan asam alfa-amino non-protein yang disintesis dalam siklus urea. L- Sitrulin sendiri memiliki beberapa fungsi dalam tubuh, yaitu sebagai produk sekunder dari nitrat oksida yang merupakan hasil dari oksidasi arginin. Nitrat oksida memiliki beberapa fungsi yang di antaranya adalah sebagai molekul antioksidan, antiinflamasi, serta, vasoproteksi. L-Sitrulin ini ditemukan pada berbagai buah famili Cucurbitaceae. Adapun beberapa contoh buah famili Cucurbitaceae di antaranya adalah melon, semangka, mentimun, dan labu siam. Akan tetapi, belum ada penilitian terkait apakah ada perbedaan kadar L-Sitrulin di buah semangka merah dan buah semangka kuning. Oleh karena itu, peneliti terdorong dan ingin membuktikan kadar sitrulin pada buah semangka merah dan kuning. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar L-Sitrulin di dalam buah semangka merah dan semangka kuning dengan metode Knipp dan Vasak sebagai acuan. Adapun sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kadar L-sitrulin dalam berat bersih 50 gram buah semangka merah dan semangka kuning. Hasil Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, semangka merah dan kuning memiliki kadar sitrulin dalam 100 gram sampel masing-masing adalah 2,55 gram/100 gram sampel dan 2,63 gram/100 gram sampel. Hasil pengukuran dua jenis buah tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna dengan nilai p > 0,05. Kesimpulan Semangka merah dan kuning memiliki kadar sitrulin yang cukup untuk dikonsumsi berdasarkan pengukuran dan pengujian data yang telah dilakukan.

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Introduction L-Citrulline is a non-essential alpha-amino acid that is synthesized in the urea cycle. L- Citrulline itself has several functions in the body, namely as a secondary product of nitric oxide which is the result of arginine oxidation. Nitric oxide has several functions, including as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective molecule. L-citrulline is found in various fruits of the Cucurbitaceae family. Some examples of the Cucurbitaceae family include melons, watermelons, cucumbers and chayote. However, there has been no research related to whether there is a difference in L-citrulline levels in watermelon red flesh and yellow flesh watermelon. Therefore, researchers are motivated and want to prove the levels of citrulline in red and yellow flesh watermelons. Method The research was conducted using a descriptive design along with a quantitative approach. This design was carried out to determine the levels of L-Citrulline in red watermelon and yellow watermelon using the Knipp and Vasak method as a reference. The samples used in this study were L-citrulline levels in a net weight of 100 grams of red watermelon and yellow watermelon. Results Based on the measurement results, red and yellow flesh watermelon have citrulline levels in 100 grams of sample, respectively 2.55 grams/100 grams of sample and 2.63 grams/100 grams of sample. The measurement results of the two types of fruit did not have a significant difference with a p value > 0.05. Conclusion Red and yellow watermelons have sufficient citrulline levels for consumption based on measurements and testing data that have been carried out."

"Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam.

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Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria.

Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler."