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"Wilayah pulau-pulau kecil termasuk wilayah yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Luas wilayah pulau kecil yang terbatas mengakibatkan perlu adanya pengelolaan secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Pulau Harapan dan Pulau Kelapa adalah salah satu pulau-pulau kecil yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah belum adanya penataan ruang wilayah pulau-pulau kecil berbasis adaptasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodelkan penggunaan tanah untuk penataan ruang pulau-pulau kecil khususnya wilayah daratan yang ditinjau dari aspek perubahan penggunaan lahannya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan, analisis dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan, dan memprediksi skenario penggunaan tanah di masa mendatang dengan menggunakan spatial modelling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk, meningkatnya tinggi muka air laut, meningkatnya suhu dan salinitas, serta pola curah hujan yang tidak menentu, kebutuhan lahan akan permukiman meningkat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya pembatasan penambahan luas wilayah agar mitigasi dan adaptasi akibat dampak perubahan iklim dapat terlaksana dengan baik, sehingga resiko kejadian bencana yang diakibatkan dampak perubahan iklim menjadi kecil.

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Small island territories include areas that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The limited area of the small islands requires for integrated and sustainable management. Harapan Island and Kelapa Island are some of the vulnerable islands that susceptible to climate change. The problem in this research is the lack of spatial arrangement of small islands region based on climate change adaptation. The purpose of this study is to create a model of land use for spatial arrangement of small islands, especially the land area in terms of changes in land use. The methods used in this study are analysis of land use change, analysis of climate change impacts on social, economic, and environmental conditions, and predict future land use scenarios using spatial modelling. The results showed that with increasing population growth, rising sea levels, rising temperatures and salinity, and erratic rainfall patterns, land requirements for settlements increased. The conclusion of this study is the additional area in Harapan island and Kelapa island should restrict, so the mitigation and adaptation due to the impact of climate change can be done well and the risk of disasters becomes small. "

"Beberapa hasil penelitian memprediksi pada tahun 2030 hampir 80% emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di dunia berasal dari kota-kota besar. Mitigasi perubahan iklim adalah pendekatan menuju kota rendah karbon dan berkelanjutan yang mencakup pengurangan produksi CO2 khususnya dari sektor transportasi yang memproduksi emisi terbesar di Jakarta, sekitar 45% atau 2,33 tCO2/kapita dari total 5,10 tCO2/kapita; Disisi lain penataan ruang dan desain kota dapat memainkan peran penting (key factor) dalam pengurangan dan penyerapan CO2. Model penataan ruang dan desain kota yang efektif dan inovatif adalah penataan ruang dan desain kota yang mempertimbangkan prinsip mitigasi yaitu bagaimana penataan ruang dan desain kota yang memproduksi CO2 serendah mungkin dan menyerap CO2 sebanyak mungkin. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa penataan ruang dan desain kawasan TOD secara substantif dapat mengurangi CO2 dengan berkurangnya pengguna angkutan pribadi dan bertambahnya akses penduduk terhadap sistem transit yang nyaman dan akses ke elemen kota lainnya. Upaya pengurangan emisi CO2 dan penambahan akses ini terkait dengan pengembangan model penataan ruang dan desain kawasan TOD yang memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip dasar Walk, Cycle, Connect, Transit, Mix use, Densify, Compact, dan Shift menghasilkan target pengurangan emisi menjadi 65% dari 30% Bussiness As Usual. Kondisi pengurangan emisi CO2 mengakibatkan menurunnya tingkat gradasi lingkungan dari 5,18 tCO2/kapita menjadi 4,47 tCO2/kapita, sedikit dibawah kondisi Kotra Metropolitan Tokyo (4,86 tCO2/kapita) yang telah mempunyai sistem TOD terstruktur dengan baik. Model ini dapat direplikasikan ke kawasan TOD lainnya yang mempunyai tipologi yang sama, dan membuktikan semakin banyak jumlah TOD yang tertata dan terstruktur di suatu kota metropolitan akan semakin tinggi tingkat keberlanjutannya.

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Some studies envisage that 80% of global emissions GHG emanate from the big cities. The mitigation approach is aimed towards Low-Carbon and Sustainable Cities, especially in big cities. The approach encompasses a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) production and an increase in the absorption of CO2, especially from transportasion sector that produces the biggest emission in Jakarta as much of 45% or 2.33 tCO2/capita from 5.10 tCO2/capita in total emission. Spatial planning can play an important role or be the key factor towards the sustainability of the city. Innovative spatial planning and urban design model should take into account the principles of spatial planning and mitigation, how is producing carbon as low as possible and absorbing as much carbon as possible. The analysis indicate that the substantive TOD spatial planning can reduce CO2 emissions by reducing the private car, increasing the people's access to transit, adequate housing, pleasant facilities, pedestrians and cyclists, as well as large green open spaces. The research shows that the TOD spatial planning and urban design have resulted in greater achievement of emission mitigation target which do regard to the basic principles of Walk, Cycle, Connect, Transit, Mix use, Densify, Compact, dan Shift. The reducing is 65%, as compared to 30% of the target in bussiness as usual. These are demonstrated by the decreased level of enviromental degredation from 5.18 tCO2/capita to 4.47 tCO2/capita which is lower then Tokyo (4.89 tCO2/capita) that has been have a good TOD system. The contribution of emission reductions is significant and therefore it can be replicated to seven TOD which have similar typology. This study proves that the more TOD areas in a city, the higher the level of sustainability of the city."

"Sejak diberlakukannya UU 23/2014, maka tata ruang terdahulu menjadi tidak berlaku dan kewenangan perencanaannya telah dialihkan ke pemerintah pusat. Beberapa rencana pembangunan dalam RTRW telah diadopsi untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan di Pulau Sebatik, tetapi masih belum jelas arah pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis variasi penataan ruang dan pergeseran konsep tata ruang dalam RTRW dan RZWP3K Pulau Sebatik serta orientasi pemanfaatan eksisting berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat dikaitkan dengan arahan pemanfaatan pulau terluar dalam PP 62/2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis keruangan dan TOPSIS Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution . Penelitian ini menemukan perbedaan perencanaan antara RTRW dengan RZWP3K dalam hal kawasan sempadan pantai. Konsep tata ruang terdahulu, lebih mengutamakan aspek kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pengembangan sektor pendukung ekonomi dengan penyediaan sarana prasarana pendukung ekonomi, dimana konsep tata ruang yang ada sekarang mengutamakan aspek pertahanan dan keamanan, kesejahteraan masyarakat serta pelestarian lingkungan. Berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat, pemanfaatan eksisting yang berlangsung saat ini di Pulau Sebatik lebih kepada pemanfaatan dalam aspek pertahanan dan keamanan.

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Since the enactment of Law number 23 2014, the former spatial plan has become invalid and its planning authority has been transferred to the national government. Several development plans in the RTRW have been adopted for development implementation on Sebatik Island, but the direction of its utilization still not clear. This study analyzed the variation of spatial planning and the shifting of the spatial concept in RTRW and RZWP3K of Sebatik Island also the orientation of existing utilization based on community perception related with the outer islands utilization direction in PP 62 2010. This research uses spatial analysis and TOPSIS Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution . In this research, there is a difference of planning between RTRW and RZWP3K in terms of coastal border area which is quite significant compared to other areas. The previous concept of spatial prioritizes the welfare aspect of the community through the development of economic support sectors by providing the infrastructures, whereas the existing concept prioritizes defense and security aspects, community welfare and environmental conservation. According to the public perception, the current utilization in Sebatik Island is more to the utilization in defense and security aspects."

"[ABSTRAKPulau Pramuka, di Kepulauan Seribu Utara merupakan pulau mikro dengan luas daratan pulau 16 Ha yang dikelilingi perairan yang luas. Pulau Pramuka terlalu kecil jika digolongkan sebagai pulau kecil menurut UU No.27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, yakni dengan luas maksimum 2000 km2.. Hal tersebut berdampak pada tidak adanya peraturan yang sesuai untuk mewadahi kekhasan pulau mikro, termasuk rencana penataan ruangnya. Oleh karena itu, melalui skripsi ini, saya ingin mencari tahu bagaimana penataan ruang Pulau Pramuka selama ini, dan bagaimana penataan ruang yang sesuai dengan kekhasan Pulau Pramuka. Hasilnya, penataan ruang Pulau Pramuka selama ini belum mewadahi kekhasan Pulau Pramuka sebagai pulau mikro. Penataan ruang pulau mikro seharusnya memiliki struktur dan pola ruang yang berasal dari analisa tapak yang komprehensif terhadap pulau mikro, memiliki integrasi antara ruang darat dan ruang laut dalam satu gugus pulau mikro, serta penataan ruangnya memiliki aspek mitigasi bencana melalui strategi adaptif yang diterapkan pada tapaknya.ABSTRACTPramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it?s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island?s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site.;Pramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it?s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island?s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site., Pramuka Island, located in North Kepulauan Seribu, is a micro island with land area around 16Ha, surrounded by vast waters. Should be classified into micro island, Pramuka Island is considered too small according to definition of small island in UU No.27 Tahun 2007 about Management of Coastal and Small Islands, which maximum land area is 2000 km2. It has an impact on the lack of appropriate regulations to accommodate the peculiarities of micro island, including it’s spatial planning. Therefore, through this undergraduated thesis, I want to find out how the spatial planning works on Pramuka Island during this time, and how the spatial planning supposed to be in accordance with the peculiarities of the micro island. The result is that, the existing spatial planning has not yet accommodated the peculiarities of Pulau Pramuka as a micro island. Micro island’s spatial planning should have spatial structure and spatial pattern derived from comprehensive site analysis of the micro island, have integration between land space and sea space within a group of micro island, and have disaster mitigation aspect through adaptive strategy that is implied onto the site.]"

"Salah satu dampak adanya perubahan iklim adalah penurunan kualitas habitat alami flora dan fauna yang terdapat di Indonesia sehingga memberikan risiko hilangnya sebagian besar biodevirsitas yang ada. Dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan sebagai habitat alami beberapa spesies endemik, Pulau Obi tidak dapat terlepas dari ancaman dampak perubahan iklim. Selain itu, adanya konsesi wilayah tambang dengan luas 38.911,51 ha dapat berdampak secara langsung terhadap potensi habitat satwa endemik yang ada. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemodelan potensi habitat satwa endemik Pulau Obi dan mengetahui ancaman akibat perubahan iklim serta adanya konsesi wilayah tambang agar dapat dilakukan upaya preventif untuk menghindari punahnya satwa endemik yang ada. Species Distribution Models (SDM) memainkan peran penting dalam mengukur hubungan antara spesies dengan habitat dan memprediksi distribusi spesies dalam kajian terkait ekologi, konservasi, dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Di antara model distribusi tersebut, MaxEnt digunakan secara luas karena kinerja prediktifnya yang sangat baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola distribusi spesies endemik pada kondisi iklim saat ini, mensintesa model dampak perubahan iklim terhadap distribusi potensi habitat spesies endemik dan menganalisis dampak secara langsung dan tidak langsung adanya konsesi wilayah pertambangan terhadap distribusi potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi. Hasilnya Dengan memodelkan potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi menggunakan metode Maximum Entropy pada kondisi iklim saat ini, diperoleh model potensi habitat untuk 3 spesies dari total 6 spesies. 3 spesies yang tidak dapat dibuat model potensi habitatnya dikarenakan keterbatasan data titik occurrence dimana hanya terdapat satu titik occurrence. Spesies yang dapat dimodelkan potensi habitatnya adalah Eulipoa wallacei, Ptilinopus granulifrons dan Scolopax rochussenii, ketiganya merupakan burung endemik Pulau Obi. Model potensi habitat Eulipoa wallacei dengan AUC= 0,837 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 480,39 km2 atau 19,52%. Model potensi habitat Ptilinopus granulifrons dengan AUC= 0,955 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 66,02 km2 atau 2,68%. Model potensi habitat Scolopax rochussenii dengan AUC= 0,954 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 61,68 km2 atau 2,51%. Adanya perubahan iklim tahun 2041-2060 dengan 4 skenario iklim yang berbeda memberikan dampak pada model potensi habitat spesies endemik Pulau Obi. Pada masing-masing spesies yang dimodelkan dengan 4 skenario iklim tahun 2041-2060, terjadi penurunan luas potensi habitat yang sesuai maupun peningkatan luas potensi habitat yang tidak sesuai. Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan di Pulau Obi yang telah diterbitkan hingga Maret 2022 berjumlah 19 lokasi dengan total luas 373.14 km2 akan memberikan dampak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi. Rata-rata berdasarkan 4 skenario perubahan iklim yang ada 36,78 km2 dari 196,76 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Eulipoa wallacei akan terdampak secara langsung dengan adanya area-area pertambangan tersebut. Selain itu, 14,17 km2 dari 66,67 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Ptilinopus granulifrons dan 13.05 km2 dari 66.67 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Scolopax rochussenii.

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One of the impacts of climate change is the degradation quality of natural habitats of flora and fauna in Indonesia, risking the loss of most of the existing biodiversity. With high biodiversity and as a natural habitat for several endemic species, Obi Island cannot be avoided from the threat of climate change impacts. Besides that, the existence of a mining concession with an area of ​​38,911.51 ha can have a direct impact on the potential habitat of endemic animals. Therefore, it is necessary to model the habitat potential of Obi Island endemic animals and to know the threats due to climate change and the existence of mining concessions so that preventive efforts can be made to avoid the extinction of endemic animals. Species Distribution Models (SDM) play an important role in measuring the relationship between species, habitats and predicting species distribution. Among the distribution models, MaxEnt is widely used because of its excellent predictive performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution pattern of endemic species under current climatic conditions, synthesize models of the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of endemic species habitats and analyze the direct and indirect impacts of mining concessions on the distribution of potential habitats of endemic species on Obi Island. By modeling the habitat potential of endemic species on Obi Island using the Maximum Entropy method in the current climatic conditions, a model of habitat potential was obtained for 3 species out of a total of 6 species. 3 species whose habitat potential cannot be modeled due to limited data on occurrence points where there is only one point of occurrence. Species that can be modeled for potential habitats are Eulipoa wallacei, Ptilinopus granulifrons and Scolopax rochussenii, all three are endemic birds of Obi Island. The habitat potential model of Eulipoa wallacei with AUC = 0.837 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​480.39 km2 or 19.52%. The habitat potential model of Ptilinopus granulifrons with AUC = 0.955 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​66.02 km2 or 2.68%. The habitat potential model of Scolopax rochussenii with AUC = 0.954 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​61.68 km2 or 2.51%. The existence of climate change in 2041-2060 with 4 different climate scenarios has an impact on the potential habitat model for Obi Island endemic species. In each species modeled with 4 climate scenarios in 2041-2060, there is a decrease in the area of ​​potential suitable habitat and an increase in the area of ​​potential habitat that is not suitable. Mining Business Permit Areas on Obi Island that have been issued until March 2022 total 19 locations with a total area of ​​373.14 km2 which will have a direct or indirect impact on the habitat potential of endemic species on Obi Island. On average, based on the 4 climate change scenarios, 36.78 km2 of 196.76 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Eulipoa wallacei will be directly affected by the presence of these mining areas. In addition, 14.17 km2 of 66.67 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Ptilinopus granulifrons and 13.05 km2 of 66.67 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Scolopax rochussenii"

"Hingga saat ini terjadinya perubahan iklim beserta dampaknya sudah mulai dirasakan hampir di seluruh dunia, termasuk juga di Indonesia. Perubahan iklim memiliki dampak yang penting dalam produksi tanaman teh. Tanaman teh sangat bergantung pada distribusi curah hujan dan suhu udara yang baik. Perubahan iklim akan menyebabkan kerentanan pada perkebunan teh sehingga perlu untuk memetakan kerentanan perkebunan teh terhadap perubahan iklim di wilayah Puncak Gunung Gede Pangrango. Penilaian kerentanan dilihat dari tiga aspek yaitu keterpaparan, sensitivitas dan kapasitas adaptasi.Pemetaan kerentanan dilakukan menggunakan analisis spasial dengan teknik skoring yang dipadukan dengan metode AHP dan weighted sum, sehingga diperoleh hasil yang menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar (sekitar 80 persen) area perkebunan teh di wilayah Puncak memiliki kerentanan wilayah terhadap perubahan iklim dalam kategori sedang. Perkebunan teh yang paling rentan (kerentanan tinggi) adalah perkebunan teh Gunung Mas yang disebabkan oleh tingginya dampak potensial dan rendahnya kapasitas adaptasi yang dimiliki, sebagian besar lahan perkebunan teh yang sangat rentan terhadap perubahan iklim berada di sebelah utara puncak Gunung Gede Pangrango.

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Until now, climate change and its impacts are already being felt almost all over the world, including in Indonesia. Climate change has a significant impact in the production of tea plants. Plants are highly dependent on the distribution of rainfall and air temperature. Climate change will lead to vulnerabilities in the tea plantation so it is necessary to map the vulnerability to climate change of tea plantations in the Peak region. Vulnerability assessment viewed from three aspects: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

Vulnerability mapping using spatial analysis by scoring technique combined with the AHP and the weighted sum method, so that the obtained results show that the majority (approximately 80 percent) in the tea plantation area of the Peak has areas of vulnerability to climate change in the medium category. Tea plantations are most vulnerable (high vulnerability) is Gunung Mas tea plantation is due to high potential impact and low adaptive capacity owned, tea plantations mostly highly vulnerable to climate change are in the north peak of Gede Pangrango Mountain."