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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas pentingnya penentuan nilai mata uang fungsional dengan menggunakan studi kasus pada perusahaan dengan kompleksitas pelaporan yang unik. Penelitian ini menyoroti perbedaan yang terjadi dan risiko nilai tukar valuta asing yang dihadapi perusahaan di tengah lingkungan bisnis yang kurang menguntungkan. Studi ini juga menggarisbawahi relevansi teori akuntansi positif dalam menjelaskan fenomena yang melibatkan manajemen dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap sinyal yang dikirim ke pemangku kepentingan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan akuntansi yang kurang tepat karena penilaian profesional manajemen yang bias dalam menentukan mata uang fungsional secara signifikan mempengaruhi angka yang dilaporkan dalam laporan keuangan sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas penyajian informasi laporan keuangan yang di satu sisi menguntungkan bagi pihak manajemen namun memberikan sinyal yang salah kepada pemangku kepentingan.

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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the significance of functional currency determination by using a case study in a company with a unique reporting complexity. It highlights the impact of the differences caused and foreign exchange rate risks faced by the company in the midst of a less favorable business environment. This study also underlines the relevance of positive accounting theory in explaining the phenomenon involving management and how it affects the signal sent to stakeholders. The results suggest that improper application of accounting policies due to biased professional judgment regarding functional currency determination significantly influence the figures reported in the financial statements and thus influence the quality of presentation of financial statement information which may secure management interest but ultimately at the cost of providing a false signal tostakeholders."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang analisis penerapan PSAK 10 (Revisi 2010) di PT ABC. PT ABC merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur. PT ABC menetapkan mata uang fungsional menjadi Dollar Amerika Serikat (USD) tahun 2011, tetapi perusahaan memutuskan bahwa mata uang pelaporan untuk laporan keuangan adalah Rupiah. PSAK 10 (Revisi 2010) berlaku efektif sejak 1 Januasri 2012, sehingga pada tahun 2013, perusahaan harus menyajikan kembali atas item-item pada laporan keuangan tahun 2011 dan 2012. Perubahan mata uang fungsional PT ABC didasari atas lingkungan ekonomi utama perusahaan, Sehingga, perubahan mata uang fungsional menyebabkan perusahaan harus melakukan dua prosedur, yaitu pengukuran kembali dan translasi. Prosedur translasi dilakukan atas pos moneter, pos nonmoneter, da pos laporan laba rugi komprehensif. Penggunaan kurs atas item aset dan liabilitas menggunakan kurs penutup, item ekuitas menggunakan kurs historis, dan item pendapatan dan beban menggunakan kurs pada saat transaksi terjadi.

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This thesis focused on the analysis of implementation of PSAK 10 (Revised 2010) in PT ABC. PT ABC runs in manufacture industry. PT ABC determined that its functional currency was United States Dollar (USD) since 2011, but decided that the presentation currency for financial statements is Indonesian Rupiah. It is applicable since January 1, 2012, so in 2013, the Company have to restated all financial item in 2011 and 2012. The changes of functional currency based on the primary economic environment. Because of that, the company have to do two procedures which are re-measurement and translation. Translation procedure performed on monetary post, while re-measurement procedure performed on monetary post, non monetary post, and comprehensive income post. The application of exchanged rate of assets and liability use the closing rate, equity items use historical rate, and income and expense use the exchange rate at the date of the transaction."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai pembayaran bunga atas transaksi pinjaman antara Perusahaan X dan anak perusahaan berdasarkan peraturan transfer pricing dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan transfer pricing dan menganalisis penghematan pajak atas transaksi pembayaran bunga antara Perusahaan X dan anak perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa transaksi pinjaman tanpa bunga antara Perusahaan X dan anak perusahaan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan transfer pricing yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2010 dan dapat dikatakan perusahaan tidak menerapkan perencanaan pajak yang baik karena jika dilihat dari perhitungan ketiga skema, pajak yang dibayarkan Perusahaan X pada skema tanpa bunga jauh lebih besar daripada pajak pada skema dengan bunga.Kata Kunci: Transfer Pricing; Bunga; Pajak; Implementasi

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This thesis discusses interest payments on loan transactions between Company X and its subsidiaries based on transfer pricing regulations and Government Regulation No. 94/2010. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of transfer pricing and to analyze the tax savings on interest payment transactions between Company X and its subsidiaries. This research uses qualitative approach. The result of the research concludes that interest-free loan transactions between Company X and its subsidiaries are not in accordance with the prevailing transfer pricing regulation in Indonesia and Government Regulation Number 94 Year 2010 and it can be said that the company does not apply good tax planning because from the calculation of the three schemes, that Company X paid on a no-interest scheme far outweighs the tax on the scheme with interest.

Keywords: Transfer Pricing; Interest; Tax; Implementation."

"Skripsi ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi sejauhmana penerapan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan pada PT X. Fokus pembahasannya mengenai kepedulian dan ketaatan perusahaan terhadap peraturan pengelolaan lingkungan, biaya dan investasi apa saja yang dikeluarkan untuk pengelolaan lingkungan, dan seberapa besar memberi manfaat bagi keberlangsungan perusahaan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap penerapan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan yang dilakukan perusahaan, ditemukan bahwa PT X belum sepenuhnya menerapkan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan.

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This thesis is prepared with the aim to evaluate the extent of the application of environmental management accounting at PT X. The focus of the study is about awareness and adherence to regulation by companies to the environment, costs and any investment incurred for environmental management, and how much benefit of the sustainability for the company. Based on research conducted on the application of environmental management accounting by the company , it was found that PT X. yet fully implement environmental management accounting."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada prosedur internal PT X dalam rangka melakukan manajemen persediaan yang baik dan memenuhi seluruh permintaan pelanggan. Untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan yaitu kepuasan pelanggan, tidak jarang PT X tidak menghitung efisiensi dari metode pembelian yang selama ini digunakan, efektivitas dari persediaan yang ada, dan rasio likuiditas yang tergambar dari laporan keuangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan perhitungan antara metode pembelian yang selama ini digunakan dan implementasi dari metode economic order quantity. Sumber data yang diperoleh adalah berdasarkan data internal dan dokumen-dokumen perusahaan.

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This research focuses on PT X internal procedure to have a good inventory management and meet all customer needs. In order to accomplish company goal which is customer satisfaction, PT X often does not count efficiency of its purchase system, the effectiveness of inventory hold, and liquidity ratio that captured in its financial statement. The purpose of this study is to have a comparative calculation between current purchase method and implementation of economic order quantity method. The data collected from company internal data and documentation."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi bagi PT YEI untuk meminimalkan dampak laba/rugi selisih kurs dalam laporan keuangan tahun 2012. PT YEI adalah perusahaan multinational yang memiliki beberapa risiko yang harus dihadapi dan dicari solusinya agar dapat bertahan menjalankan bisnisnya. Salah satu risiko yang harus dihadapi oleh PT YEI adalah risiko terkait mata uang asing yang dapat mempengaruhi laporan keuangan. Risiko tersebut adalah risiko transaksi dan risiko translasi. Risiko ini dapat dikelola dengan menggunakan lindung nilai, perjanjian pembagian risiko, dan penggunaan mata uang pelaporan yang sesuai. Dengan cara tersebut dapat meminimalkan dampak risiko transaksi dan risiko translasi pada laporan keuangan. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi kasus yang menjabarkan hasil dari masing-masing cara pengelolaan risiko. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perbandingan antara penggunaan lindung nilai, perjanjian pembagian risiko dan penggunaan mata uang pelaporan yang sesuai menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan keuangan dalam mata uang Yen adalah cara terbaik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi atas risiko terkait mata uang asing terhadap laporan keuangan PT YEI Tahun 2012.

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The focus of this study is to provide the solution for PT YEI to minimize the gain/loss foreign exchange in financial statements of 2012. PT YEI is the multinational company which has several exposures that must be solved to help the company survive in the business. One of the exposures is foreign exchange risk which affect financial statements directly. The exposure is related to transaction exposure and translation exposure. These exposures can be managed with hedging, risk sharing agreement, and appropriate reporting currency to minimize the exposure to financial statements. The calculations are done using case study which elaborate the results of each method. This study concludes that the comparison using hedging, risk sharing agreement and appropriate reporting currency shows that the method of using Yen for the reporting currency can be used as the best solution for foreign exchange risks to the financial statements of PT YEI Year 2012."

"The role of taxpayers permitted to maintain their book keeping in US $ currency to government's revenue are increasing therefore such discriminatory policy needs a serious study to ensure the fairness and certainty in implementation. Minister of Finance Decree Number 533 Year 2000 specifying five types of business which are allowed to maintain the book keeping in US $ without a criterion as standardized in financial accounting standard (FAS), as a result arising issue in the effort of taxing foreign exchange difference. Accounting standard sees the non functional currency as a foreign currency. All monetary items and all transactions are denominated in foreign currency generate the foreign exchange difference. Prevailing implementation rules designed to rule the Rupiah book keeping which will become inequitable judicially if applied to the US $ books taxpayer. This thesis is addressed to analyze the foreign exchange difference treatment to the company permitted to maintain their bookkeeping in US $, base on license's granting criteria, exchange rate and foreign exchange rate difference, foreign exchange treatment in prevailing regulations, exchange rates and financial report items translation, and the improvement proposal to make the foreign exchange taxing will be in line with the basic law principles.

US $ bookkeeping is designed to respond the globalization demand and to provide the conducive climate of investments. Accountancy is an element of tax administration in providing information about tax object. Accounting information is expressed in monetary unit is so-called as an accounting currency. Accounting currency is functional currency, currency considered as non-functional be foreign currency. Exchange rates fluctuation is generating foreign exchange difference. Restatement of foreign currencies balance and transactions denominated in foreign currency within two different points of time will generate foreign exchange losses/gains which ultimately affecting the tax liability. S-H-S income concept assumes the foreign exchange rate difference as a part of capital gains or capital losses, which should be taxed or deducted at the realization date.

Type of research for this thesis has the character of analytical-descriptive. Data collecting conducted with research of documents and research of field. Research of documents conducted with research of bibliography and research of field. Research of bibliography cover research of literatures, expert's opinions, relevant taxation rules and financial data of PT X. Field research conducted by holding an interview with interested parties to the foreign exchange difference taxation case which studied-in is PT X case as according to Code of Foreign Capital.

The principle of book keeping rule in the law of General Provision and Taxation Procedure (referred as "KUP Law") mention that unless otherwise stipulated by tax laws, the book keeping must be executed by means or systems normally uses in Indonesia, like on the basis of Financial Accountancy Standards (FAS). The KUP Law gives authority to Minister of Finance to define the taxpayer which may allow to maintain book keeping in US $ without accompanied by criterion, therefore MOF has his own discretion to issue further book keeping rules which might possibly oppose the basic principles of basic rules. Every transaction carries out in the non US S currency will yield the foreign exchange difference. A foreign exchange gain is subject to tax and a foreign exchange loss will be deductible from the gross income. Prevailing implementation rules related to the foreign exchange difference do not itemize particular financial report post able to be translated by historical exchange rate and balance, which translated with current exchange rate. The tax authority's treatment and tax court's decision on the PT X case was derived from Gunadi's opinion in his book that there is no foreign exchange loss from the tax payables or receivables accounts since the taxes receivables/ payables account should be translated by historical exchange rate. From accounting point of view, the Gunadi's method of translation is a temporal method with dual transactions perspective which nor FAS neither prevailing tax laws does not adopted. FAS adopts the monetary and non monetary translation method as an accepted standard to report all foreign currency transactions.

It is recommended that the licensed taxpayer to apply the US $ book keeping has to rely on certain criteria in line with the other article within the same provision. The implementation provisions of forcij exchange difference need to update by inserting the detail of foreign exchange loss derived from which items allow as deduction and the detail of foreign exchange gain derived from which items treats as the income tax object."

"Penelitian ingin mengetahui penerapan manajemen konflik manajer Jepang dan Indonesia serta mengetahui perbedaan penerapan gaya manajemen konflik. Manajemen konflik yang terdiri dari integrating, obliging, avoiding, dominating dan compromising. Responden adalah pegawai di perusahaan manufaktur PT.X dan PT. Z. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner sesuai Rahim Organization Conflict Inventory II (ROCI-II), lalu diolah dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan t-test.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa manajer Jepang menerapkan manajemen konflik dengan urutan integrating, compromising, obliging, dominating dan avoding. Sedangkan manajer Indonesia menerapkan manajemen konflik dengan urutan integrating, compromising, dominating, obliging dan avoiding. Ditemukan juga bahwa perbedaan penerapan manajemen konflik antara manajer Jepang dan Indonesia terdapat dalam gaya avoiding dan dominating.

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This research is conducted to discover the application of conflict management between Japanese and Indonesian managers and the applied distinction of conflict management. Conflict management consists of integrating, obliging, avoiding, dominating, and compromising. The respondents are employees from PT. X and PT. Z. The research uses questionnaire based on Rahim Organization Conflict Inventory II (ROCI-II) and is processed by using descriptive analysis and t-test.The result of this research finds out that Japanese manager applies conflict management by sequence of integrating compromising, obliging, dominating, and avoiding while Indonesian manager applies conflict management by sequence of integrating, compromising, dominating, obliging, and avoiding. There is also applied distinction of conflict management between Japanese and Indonesian managers in avoiding and dominating manners."

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi apakah peningkatan kesadaran mengenai masalah lingkungan telah mendorong organisasi untuk menerapkan sistem manajemen lingkungan dan menggunakan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan (EMA) mendorong inovasi lingkungan, dan meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan perusahaan. Namun demikian, ada sedikit bukti untuk mengkonsolidasi klaim ini dan dengan demikian makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki masalah ini. PT X adalah salah satu perusahaan baja terbesar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus dan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan sistem manajemen lingkungan dalam menganalisis masalah penelitian. Penelitian ini juga menguji pentingnya menggunakan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan dalam penerapan sistem manajemen lingkungan dalam perusahaan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sistem manajemen lingkungan telah dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk menghindari dampak pencemaran lingkungan (yaitu, dalam bentuk debu besi), namun, perusahaan belum menerapkan Akuntansi Manajemen Lingkungan dan Pelaporan Manajemen Lingkungan (yaitu, dalam bentuk Analisis Biaya & Manfaat) dalam mengatasi masalah. Perusahaan melakukan sistem manajemen lingkungan dengan hukum dan peraturan yang berlaku bukan sebagai bentuk strategi lingkungan dan inovasi untuk keberlangsungan bisnis di masa depan.

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This study aims to analyze and evaluate whether increased awareness regarding environmental issues has encouraged organisations to apply environmental management system and use environmental management accounting (EMA) drives environmental innovations, and enhance company’s environmental performance. There is, however, little evidence to consubstantiate this claim and thus this paper aims to investigate the issue. PT X is one of the largest steel company in Indonesia. This research applies case study and qualitative approaches and uses environmental management system in analyzing the research problems. This research also examines the importance of using environmental management accounting in the implementation of environmental management system within the company. This research shows that though environmental management system has been performed by the company to elude the impact of environmental pollution (i.e., in the form of iron dust), however, the company has not implemented Environmental Management Accounting and Environmental Management Reporting (i.e., in the form of Cost & Benefit Analysis) in addressing the problems. The Company undertakes environmental management system by the prevailing laws and regulations not as a form of environmental strategy and innovation for the sustainability of the business in the future.

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"PT X adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi makanan dan minuman dengan aspek kesehatan. Sejak didirikan tahun 1979 hingga saat ini berusia 42 tahun, organisasi telah berkembang dan melakukan berbagai inovasi untuk bertahan dalam persaingan bisnis. Memasuki industri 4.0, PT X beradaptasi dengan perkembagan teknologi informasi. Perusahaan tengah dalam fase transformasi bisnis menjadi digital dengan melakukan pengembagan perangkat lunak yang bertujuan untuk mempermudah dan membuat proses bisnis menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Organisasi telah melakukan praktik manajemen proyek namun belum sepenuhnya diterapkan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari adanya 40% proyek yang dijalankan tidak dapat di-deliver dengan tepat waktu. Evaluasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat kematangan manajemen proyek yang sudah dijalankan sehingga organisasi dapat melakukan perbaikan. Dengan menggunakan Project Management Maturity Model (PMMM) diketahui bahwa tingkat kematangan manajemen proyek PT X berada pada tingkat pertama. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan organisasi mengenai manajemen proyek masih belum cukup baik.Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan rekomendasi perbaikan yang dapat diterapkan organisasi yaitu mengadakan pelatihan khusus untuk setiap area manajemen proyek, membuat standar dokumentasi yang baik, mengadakan sesi pendalaman materi Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) dan mendorong project manager untuk berkomunikasi menggunakan istilah manajemen proyek yang tepat

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.PT X is a food and beverage manufacturing company with a focus on health. Since its establishment in 1979, the organization has developed and implemented several innovations in order to remain competitive in the commercial sector. PT X has adapted to the advancement of information technology as it enters industry 4.0. The organization is in the process of digitalizing its business by building software to simplify and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business operations. The organization has implemented project management practices, but they have not been properly applied. There are 40% of projects that cannot be delivered on schedule. Evaluation is required to determine the maturity level of project management that has been applied so that the organization could implement improvements. Using the Project Management Maturity Model (PMMM), it is determined that PT X's project management is at the first level of maturity. This indicates that the organization's understanding of project management is still insufficient. This research also includes recommendations for improvement that may be implemented by organization, such as providing particular training for each project management area, establishing appropriate documentation standards, organizing sessions to increase understanding of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) materials, and encouraging project managers to communicate using proper project management terms."