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"Telah dilakukan penelitian dalam mengevaluasi fungsi ginjal pada kasus diabetes melitus menggunakan kamera gamma dan radiofarmaka 99mTc-DTPA. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan korelasi nilai Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR antara pasien diabetes dengan pasien non-diabetes yang dikalkulasi menggunakan metode Gates dan metode Inoue, peta biodistribusi radiofarmaka 99mTc-DTPA, dan radioaktivitas selama pemeriksaan Renogram. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pesawat SPECT dan 99mTc-DTPA pada 53 pasien dengan usia di atas 40 tahun, dan 22 diantaranya memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus tipe 2. Nilai GFR terukur mGFR dibandingkan dengan perhitungan manual eGFR menggunakan metode Gates dan Inoue. Pemetaan biodistribusi diambil dari citra statik pada region of interest ROI organ jantung, hati, kedua ginjal, dan kandung kemih. Radioaktivitas dikuantifikasi secara kasar menggunakan nilai cacahan pada peta biodistribusi dan faktor kalibrasi kamera gamma. Korelasi mGFR terhadap eGFR menggunakan metode Gates dan metode Inoue yaitu strongly positive. Peta biodistribusi radiofarmaka menunjukkan nilai cacahan pasien diabetes lebih tinggi pada organ ginjal kiri dan ginjal kanan, dan lebih rendah pada organ jantung dan hati relatif terhadap pasien non-diabetes. Organ kandung kemih tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua grup. Untuk radioaktivitas radiofarmaka, aktivitas rata-rata tertinggi terletak pada kedua ginjal.

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Research has been conducted to evaluate the renal function on diabetes mellitus case using gamma camera and 99mTc DTPA. The evaluation was performed to determine the difference of correlation of Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR values between diabetic patients and non diabetic patients which were calculated using Gates method and Inoue method, radiopharmaceutical biodistribution of 99mTc DTPA, and radioactivity during Renogram examination. The research was conducted using SPECT and 99mTc DTPA in 53 patients with over 40 years of age, and 22 of them had diabetes mellitus type 2. The measured GFR mGFR values were compared with manual calculations eGFR using Gates and Inoue method. The biodistribution was taken from the static image in the region of interest ROI of the heart, liver, kidneys, and bladder. The radioactivity was quantified roughly using the counts value in biodistribution map and calibration factor. The correlation of mGFR to eGFR using Gates method and Inoue method is strongly positive. The biodistribution map in diabetic patients showed higher values on left and right kidney, and lower values on heart and liver. The bladder showed no significant difference of biodistribution map in both groups. For radioactivities, the highest average activity lies in both kidneys."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe-2 memiliki prevalensi yang meningkat setiap tahunnya. Diabetes merupakan penyebab utama PGK. Penurunan LFG pada populasai diabetes mungkin lebih besar dan lebih cepat dibandingkan populasi non-diabetes atau prediabetes. Saat ini belum terdapat penelitian mengenai penurunan eLFG pada kategori gangguan toleransi glukosa berbeda tetrsebut dan faktor yang memengaruhinya di Indonesia. Tujuan: Membandingkan penurunan eLFG pada kelompok diabetes, prediabetes, dan non-diabetes dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada data Penelitian Kohort Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) Litbangkes Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011-2020. Pasien dikelompokkan berdasarkan status diabetes awal menjadi kelompok diabetes, prediabetes, dan non-diabetes. Penurunan eLFG berdasarkan rumus CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Kruskall Wallis, dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney U. Hasil: Didapatkan 1.245 subjek (877 non-diabetes, 274 prediabetes, dan 94 diabetes) yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Didapatkan eLFG awal yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes 110 vs. prediabetes 107,3 vs. diabetes 106,1 ml/min/1,73m2, p < 0,001). Didapatkan eLFG akhir yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes 86,3 vs. prediabetes 79,8 vs. diabetes 59,3 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0,001). Didapatkan penurunan eLFG yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes -23,1 vs. prediabetes -26,4 vs. diabetes -37,6 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0,001). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan eLFG lebih tinggi adalah jenis kelamin perempuan, hipertensi, dan gula darah puasa tinggi. Kesimpulan: Penurunan eLFG lebih besar ditemukan pada kelompok diabetes dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-diabetes dan pre-diabetes. Jenis kelamin perempuan, hipertensi, dan gula darah puasa tinggi berhubungan dengan penurunan eLFG lebih besar.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients has an increasing prevalence every year. Diabetes is the main cause of CKD. Decline LFG in diabetes may be greater and faster than in non-diabetic or prediabetes populations. There has been no research on the decrease in GFR in each category and its influencing factors in Indonesia Aim: To compare the decline in eGFR in the diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic groups and their influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on Indonesian Research and Development Cohort of Non-Communicable Diseases (PTM) and Development in 2011- 2020. Patients were grouped based on initial diabetes status into diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic groups. The decline in the glomerular filtration rate was carried out by creatinine assessment and calculations based on the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation formula. The analysis was carried out with the Kruskall Wallis test, followed by the Mann Whitney U test. Results: A total of 1,245 subjects (877 non-diabetic, 274 prediabetic, and 94 diabetic) were included in the study. There were differences in baseline eGFR between groups (non-diabetic 110 vs. prediabetic 107.3 vs. diabetic 106.1 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). There were differences in final GFR between groups (non-diabetic 86.3 vs. prediabetic 79.8 vs. diabetes 59.3 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). Different eGFR decline was found between groups (non-diabetic -23.1 vs. prediabetes -26.4 vs. diabetes -37.6 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). Factors associated with rapid decline in GFR were female gender, hypertension, and high fasting blood sugar level. Conclusion: There was a more rapid decline in eGFR in the group with diabetes than non-diabetic and pre-diabetic. Factors associated with a higher decrease in eGFR were female gender, hypertension, and high fasting blood sugar level."

"Diabetes Melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena adanya kelainan pada sekresi insulin atau kerja insulin yang ditandai dengan adanya karakteristik hiperglikemia dan dapat berujung komplikasi berupa nefropati diabetik. Pemeriksaan penunjang untuk mendiagnosis Diabetes Melitus salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan HbA1c, yang merupakan hasil dari proses glikosilasi nonenzimatis glukosa pada hemoglobin. Korelasi antara HbA1c dengan mikroalbumin dan laju filtrasi glomerulus sebagai penanda nefropati diabetik belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan design penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan 80 subjek yang memeriksakan kadar HbA1c, mikroalbuminuria dan laju filtrasi glomerulus ke Laboraturium RSCM. Data diolah dengan menggunakan uji spearman untuk HbA1c dan mikroalbumin dengan hasil r = 0.381 dan p < 0,001 serta uji pearson untuk HbA1c dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan hasil p > 0,05. Pada penelitian didapatkan terdapat korelasi lemah antara HbA1c dan mikroalbumin serta tidak ada korelasi antara HbA1c dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus.

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Diabetes Mellitus is metabolic disease with impairment of insulin secretion and insulin function which marked by hyperglycemia and could lead to diabetic nephropathy complication. Testing for HbA1c is one of the tests to diagnose diabetes mellitus. HbA1c itself is a substance that results from glucose nonenzimatic glycosylation process to hemoglobin. The correlation between HbA1c with microalbumin in urine and glomerular filtration rate is not fully known in Indonesia.

This study is using cross sectional study design on 80 subjects from RSCM laboratory. The data for HbA1c and microalbumin were analyzed using spearman test r 0.381 and p 0,001 and the for HbA1c and glomerular filtration rate were analyzed using pearson test p 0,05. The conclusion are there was a weak correlation between HbA1c and microalbumin in urine and no correlation between HbA1c and glomerular filtration rate."

"Gangguan fungsi ginjal merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pendeteksian dini dengan menggunakan senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 diperlukan untuk mencegah progresifitasnya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 urin dengan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG). Sampel yang dianalisis adalah 40 orang pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu, dengan teknik total sampling. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan nilai kreatinin serum yang diukur menggunakan metode kinetik Jaffe, sedangkan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 diukur dengan menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α diperoleh 6633,87 ± 1292,62 pg/mg kreatinin, kadar KIM-1 diperoleh 8,23 ± 3,23 ng/mL dan nilai eLFG diperoleh 99,65 ± 41,12 (Cockroft-Gault); 96,59 ± 41,90 (MDRD study); dan 100,79 ± 40,07 (CKD-EPI). Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,520; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,477; p = 0,004) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,403; p = 0,013), serta setelah perokok dieksklusi, berdasarkan ketiga persamaan, yaitu Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,595; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,554; p = 0,003) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,559; p = 0,003). Hubungan antara kadar KIM-1 dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (r = -0,155; p = 0,339), MDRD (r = -0,173; p =0,285) dan CKD-EPI (r = -0,024; p = 0,883). Sehingga diketahui terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara KIM-1 dengan nilai eLFG.

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Renal dysfunction is one of complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The earlier detection is needed to prevent its progression with 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1. The aim of this study was to analyze concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1urine and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic, used total sampling method.

eGFR was obtained based on the measurement of serum creatinine on kinetic Jaffe method, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1 was measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was 6633,87 ± 1292,62 pg/mg creatinine, concentration of KIM-1 was 8,23 ± 3,23 ng/mL and the eGFR values were 99,65 ± 41,12 (Cockroft-Gault); 96,59 ± 41,90 (MDRD study); and 100,79 ± 40,07 (CKD-EPI).

The correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR is based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,520; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,477; p = 0,004) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,403; p = 0,013), and the correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration after smoker exclution and eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,595; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,554; p = 0,003) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,559; p = 0,003). But the correlation between KIM-1 concentration and eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault (r = -0,155; p = 0,339), MDRD (r = -0,173; p =0,285) and CKD-EPI (r = -0,024; p = 0,883). So there was a significant correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR, and also there were no significant correlation between KIM-1 concentration and eGFR."

"Renal dysfunction which frequently occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients caused by oxidative stress. The effectiveness of the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment to renal dysfunction is unknown. This study compare and analyze the correlation between urinary hydrogen peroxide which is a product of oxidative stress and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the treatment groups of sulfonylurea and combination biguanide-sulfonylurea. This study used a retrospective cohort study design with 50 sampels that was taken in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang hospital with total sampling technique. Estimated GFR value obtained based on serum creatinine values were measured using a kinetic Jaffe method, while the urinary hydrogen peroxide using FOX 1 (Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange1). Value of urinary hydrogen peroxide in the two treatment groups did not have significant difference (p = 0.69), while the eGFR value of two groups did not have significant differences with the Cockroft Gault is p = 0.884; MDRD p = 0.886; and CKDEPI p = 0.490. Correlation analysis of urinary hydrogen peroxide and eGFR based on the MDRD equation and CKDEPI generate significant positive correlation (r = 0.326; p = 0.021) and (r = 0.282; p = 0.047). There is no antioxidant activity in the treatment groups. Urinary hydrogen peroxide may play a role in the pathophysiologic significance of diabetic nephropathy."

"NADP terbentuk sejalan dengan pembentukan radikal bebas anion superoksida O2 - yang dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif dan berujung pada komplikasi ginjal yang disebut dengan nefropati diabetik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan radikal bebas O2 - adalah peningkatan angiotensin II pada ginjal dan dapat dihambat oleh penghambat sistem renin-angiotensin, yaitu inhibitor ACE dan ARB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan terapi inhibitor ACE dan ARB dalam mengatasi stres oksidatif yang diukur melalui kadar NADP serum dan dikorelasikan dengan nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus eLFG sebagai parameter yang sudah sering digunakan untuk menandakan perubahan fungsi ginjal. Kadar NADP serum diukur menggunakan uji NADP /NADPH dengan metode kolorimetri dan nilai eLFG dihitung menggunakan persamaan CKD-EPI. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat inhibitor ACE n = 11 dan kelompok yang mendapat ARB n = 25 . Rata-rata kadar NADP serum pada kelompok inhibitor ACE adalah 3,4576 pmol/ml dan pada kelompok ARB adalah 5,6240 pmol/ml p = 0,091, sedangkan nilai eLFG pada kelompok inhibitor ACE adalah 61,109 ml/menit/1,73 m2 dan pada kelompok ARB adalah 66,240 ml/menit/1,73 m2 p = 0,510. Korelasi antara kadar NADP serum dengan nilai eLFG r = -0,032; p = 0,851. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inhibitor ACE dan ARB tidak berbeda signifikan dalam menurunkan kadar NADP serum dan mempertahankan fungsi ginjal, selain itu tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan antara kadar NADP serum dengan nilai eLFG pada kedua kelompok sampel.

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NADP is formed in line with the formation of superoxide anion O2 free radical which can cause oxidative stress and lead to renal complications called diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the factors that can increase O2 free radical is increased angiotensin II in the kidneys and can be inhibited by the inhibitor of the renin angiotensin system, ie ACE inhibitors and ARBs. This study aims to determine the comparison of ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy in overcoming oxidative stress measured through serum NADP levels and correlate them with estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR as a parameter that has been frequently used to indicate changes in renal function. Serum NADP levels were measured using an NADP NADPH assay by colorimetric method and eGFR values were calculated using the CKD EPI equation. This research was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital and District Health Clinics Pasar Minggu. The subjects were divided into two groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the group receiving ACE inhibitors n 11 and the group receiving ARBs n 25. The mean serum NADP level in the ACE inhibitor group was 3,4576 pmol ml and in the ARB group was 5,6240 pmol ml p 0,091, whereas the eGFR value in the ACE inhibitor group was 61,109 ml minute 1,73 m2 and in the ARB group was 66,240 ml minute 1,73 m2 p 0,510. The correlation between serum NADP levels and eGFR values r 0,032 p 0,851. The results showed that ACE inhibitors and ARBs did not differ significantly in reducing serum NADP levels and maintaining renal function, and there was no significant correlation between serum NADP levels and eGFR values in both groups."

"Latar Belakang. COVID-19 sempat menjadi pandemi global yang fatal. Penggunaan dari remdesivir sebagai terapi emergensi pada pertengahan tahun 2020 menyebabkan munculnya berbagai laporan yang mengaitkan penggunaannya terhadap gagal ginjal akut. Molekul sulfobutylehter-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) yang dapat menumpuk pada ginjal dicurigai sebagai penyebabnya. Remdesivir lebih diutamakan pada kasus berat dan proporsi dari gagal ginjal akut lebih tinggi dilaporkan pada pasien perawatan ICU, sehingga penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana fungsi ginjal dapat terganggu akibat penggunaannya. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional, pengumpulan data berdasarkan rekam medis RS Swasta di Tangerang periode Januari 2021-Juli 2022. Analisis menggunakan uji dan dibentuk model prediktif dengan regresi linear. Hasil. Dari 46 subyek yang mendapat terapi remdesivir didapatkan mayoritas adalah laki-laki dengan median usia 57 tahun. Model prediktif dengan variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, DM, CRP, dan D-dimer menghasilkan nilai P 0,341; R2 0,153. Analisis stratifikasi dengan hipertensi, DM, CRP dan D-dimer menunjukkan adanya kemaknaan secara statistik (nilai P < 0,05). Kesimpulan. Terapi dengan remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU dapat mengalami penurunan fungsi ginjal yang bermakna. Faktor risiko hipertensi, DM, nilai CRP dan D-dimer yang tinggi dapat memperburuk penurunan fungsi ginjal, sehingga perlu diperhatikan penggunaannya pada praktik klinis sehari-hari.

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Background. COVID-19 was a terrifying global pandemic. The use of remdesivir as emergency treatment of COVID-19 was approved during the mid of 2020 and since then there were reports indicating acute kidney injury. This was hypothesized to be caused by SBECD which can cause deposits in the kidney. Remdesivir has been widely used in severe cases and acute kidney injury was found to be higher in ICU patients. Therefore, this study aims to show how these factors can cause kidney injury.

Methods. This observational study was conducted using hospital medical records from private hospitals in Tangerang during January 2021 to July 2022. These data were analysed using Wilcoxon and predictive model generated with linear regression.

Results. Total of 46 subjects in which most participants were male with the age median of 57 years old. Predictive model with age, gender, hypertension, DM, CRP, and D-dimer showed a P-value 0,341 and R2 0,153. However, stratification analysis with hypertension, DM, CRP, and D-dimer as covariates shows statistically significant decrease in eGFR with P-value < 0,05.

Conclusion. Patients with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes melitus, higher CRP and D-dimer value should be monitored closely by checking the creatinine and urine output regularly."

"ABSTRACTLaju filtrasi glomerulus menjadi salah satu indikator keseluruhan tingkat fungsi ginjal. Selain pemeriksaan laju filtrasi glomerulus terdapat pula pemeriksaan lainnya yang juga dinilai dapat menggambarkan kondisi tersebut, yaitu pemeriksaan kadar asam urat. Namun selama ini belum adanya kepastian korelasi dan ukuran kadar asam urat yang sesuai untuk menentukan stadium penyakit ginjal kronik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah terdapat korelasi antara Kadar asam urat dalam darah dan laju filtrasi glomerulus pada penderita penyakit ginjal kronik. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 75 orang pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang melakukan pemeriksaan asam urat dan laju filtrasi glomerulus pada Laboratorium RSCM data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearmans. Hasil penelitian ini, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar asam urat darah dengan kadar laju filtrasi glomerulus p: 0,005; r: -0,362. Kesimpulannya, terdapat korelasi lemah negatif antara kadar asam urat darah dengan kadar laju filtrasi glomerulus pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. Kondisi ini kemungkinan dapat terjadi karena adanya faktor-faktor lain yang lebih berkontribusi terhadap kadar asam urat dan kadar laju filtrasi glomerulus.

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ABSTRACTGlomerular filtration rate is an indicator of kidney function. Beside of glomerular filtration rate, uric acid measurement in blood is also kidney function indicator. However, correlation between uric acid level and chronic kidney disease stadium has not been established. This research aims to find the correlation between those two variables. This research was done from laboratory result of 75 chronic kidney disease patients who underwent uric acid and glomerular filtration rate examination in RSCM laboratory. Sparmann rsquo s correlation test was done and showed significant correlation between blood uric acid level p 0.005 r 0.362 . Therefore, there is weak negative correlation between blood uric acid level and glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patients. It can be caused by other more contributing factors to blood uric acid level and glomerular filtration rate. "

"Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan salah satu komplikasi serius yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Dibutuhkan sebuah penanda yang dapat mendeteksi PGK sejak awal untuk mencegah progresifitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar malondialdehida (MDA) serum dengan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG). MDA merupakan penanda stres oksidatif yang diprediksi berperan dalam tahap awal kerusakan ginjal. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Populasi yang digunakan adalah pasien DM tipe 2 rawat jalan di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu. Sampel yang dianalisis sejumlah 50 orang (14 laki-laki, dan 36 perempuan, rentang usia 39-74 tahun), diambil dengan tenik total sampling. Kadar MDA diukur secara spektrofotometri berdasarkan reaksi antara MDA dengan asam tiobarbiturat, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) dari metode tersebut 0,9996 dan koefisien variasi (%KV) intra dan antar pengukuran berkisar 2,75-13,33%. Nilai eLFG diukur berdasarkan metode kinetik Jaffe, dengan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9994 dan %KV intra dan antar pengukuran berkisar 2,91 – 9,52%. Kadar MDA pasien DM tipe 2 diperoleh 0,82 ± 0,26 nmol/ml, dan nilai eLFG diperoleh 78,30 ± 26,77 (Cockroft-Gault); 76,08 ± 24,17 (MDRD study); dan 79,25 ± 21,04 (CKD-EPI). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar MDA dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (p =0,039, r = -0,293), tetapi tidak terlihat hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan MDRD study dan CKD-EPI (p = 0,051 dan p = 0,053; r = -0,277 dan r = -0,275).

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of serious complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It is important to find a marker that can detect it earlier to prevent its progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). MDA is an oxidative stress marker which was predicted allies in early stage of kidney damage.

The design of this study is cross sectional. The population was type 2 DM outpatients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic. Total sampling method was used in sample selection. Samples being analyzed were as much as 50 patients (14 males, 36 females, age ranges : 39-74 years). MDA was measured by spectrophotometric based on its reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The coefficient correlation (r) of this method was 0.9996 and the coefficient of variation (%CV) within and between run were 2.75 - 13.33%.

eGFR was measured based on kinetic Jaffe method. Its coefficient correlation (r) was 0.9994 and %CV within and between run were 2.91-9.52%. MDA concentration in type 2 DM patients in this research was 0.82 ± 0.26 nmol/mL and the eGFR values were 78.30 ± 26.77 (Cockroft-Gault); 76.08 ± 24.17 (MDRD study); and 79.25 ± 21.04 (CKD-EPI). There was a significant correlation between MDA concentration and eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault formula (p =0.039, r = -0.293), but there were no significant correlation between MDA concentration and eGFR based on MDRD study and CKD-EPI (p = 0.051 and p = 0.053; r = -0.277 and r = -0.275)."