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"Background: optimal hydration represents adequate total daily fluid intake to compensate for daily water losses, ensure adequate urine output to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and also avoid the production of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Twenty four hour urine osmolality has been used to assess hydration status, but it is challenging because of the possibility of spilling urine and limitation of daily activities. This study is aimed to determine the performance of the afternoon urine osmolality to assess the optimal hydration status compared with 24 hour urine osmolality.Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on healthy employees aged 18-59 years at Universitas Indonesia Medical Faculty/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with consecutive sampling method. The ROC curve was analyzed to obtain the optimal cut off point and the accuracy of the afternoon urine osmolality in assessing the optimal hydration status.Results: between August-September 2016 there were 120 subjects (73.8% female, median age 32 years) who met the study criteria with a median 24 hour urine osmolality 463.5 (95% CI, 136-1427) mOsm/kg H2O and median afternoon urine osmolality 513 (95% CI, 73-1267). We found moderate correlation (r=0.59; p<0.001) between afternoon urine osmolality and a 24 hour urine osmolality. Using ROC curve, the AUC value was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.708-0.875) with the cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O. To assess the optimal hydration status, the afternoon urine osmolality had the sensitivity of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.585-0.795) and the specificity of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.626-0.857), Likelihood Ratio (LR) (+) 2.917 (95% CI, 1.74-4.889) and LR (-) 0.395 (95% CI, 0.267-0.583).Conclusion: afternoon urine osmolality can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the optimal hydration status in healthy population with cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O, sensitivity of 0.7, and specificity of 0.76."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hidrasi optimal merupakan hidrasi yang mencukupi untuk menggantikan kehilangan cairan, menjamin produksi urin cukup untuk mengurangi risiko urolitiasis dan penurunan fungsi ginjal, serta mencegah keluarnya arginin vasopresin AVP . Osmolalitas urin 24 jam diketahui dapat mengukur status hidrasi seseorang, namun dirasakan memberatkan karena kemungkinan urin tercecer dan membatasi aktivitas kerja. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan metode yang lebih sederhana untuk menggantikan pemeriksaan tersebut. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan osmolalitas urin sore memiliki nilai terdekat dengan osmolalitas urin 24 jam. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mengukur kemampuan urin sore hari sebagai penentu status hidrasi optimal.Tujuan: Mengetahui peranan pemeriksaan osmolalitas urin sore hari untuk menilai status hidrasi optimal dibandingkan dengan osmolalitas urin 24 jam.Metode: Studi diagnostik dengan desain studi potong lintang terhadap subjek sehat berusia 18-59 tahun dengan menganalisa kurva ROC untuk mendapatkan titik potong dan akurasi osmolalitas urin sore hari dalam menilai status hidrasi optimal.Hasil: Antara bulan Agustus-September 2016 terkumpul 120 subjek 73,8 perempuan, median usia 32 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dengan median osmolalitas urin 24 jam 463,5 95 IK, 136-1427 mOsm/kg H2O dan median osmolalitas urin sore hari 513 95 IK, 73-1267 mOsm/kg H2O. Pada analisis didapatkan korelasi sedang r= 0,59; p

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ABSTRACT

Background: Optimal hydration representing adequate total daily fluid intake to compensate for daily water losses, ensure urinary output to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and also avoid production of arginine vasopressin AVP . Twenty four hour urine osmolality has known to assess hydration status, but it is challenging because of the possibility of spilling urine and limiting time for daily activities. So that, we need easier method to determine optimal hydration status to replace 24 hour urine osmolality. Previous studies showed afternoon urine osmolality have an association with 24 hour urine osmolality. However, no studies measure the performance of afternoon urine osmolality to assess optimal hydration status.

Objective: To determine the performance of afternoon urine osmolality to assess the optimal hydration status compared with 24 hour urine osmolality.

Methods: Diagnostic study with cross sectional study design was conducted to healthy subjects aged 18 59 years by analyzing the ROC curve to obtain the optimal cutt off point and accuracy of afternoon urine osmolality in assessing the optimal hydration status.

Results: Between August September 2016 there were 120 subjects 73.8 female, median age 32 years who met the study criteria with a median 24 hour urine osmolality 463.5 95 CI, 136 1427 mOsm kg H2O and median afternoon urine osmolality 513 95 CI, 73 1267 mOsm kg H2O. From the analysis, we found the correlation was moderate r 0.59 p"

"Background: genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) refers to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the urinary tract with clinical manifestation masquerading as various urological diagnostic entities. With an incidence rate of 192-232 per 100,000 individuals, current diagnoses have fallen short in comparison to the total incidence. Combined with an atypical and non-specific manifestation, a high false negative rate of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and long AFB culture duration has made diagnosis difficult. We aim to gather current available evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of GUTB. Methods: a literature search was conducted in four different, well-known databases using a predetermined PICO, keywords, and Boolean operators. All included articles will be subjected to rigorous appraisal according the University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) Diagnostic Variability Criteria. Review and meta-analysis will be subjected to the QFAITH appraisal checklist to assess its quality. Results: out of a total of 243 initial search results, 11 relevant studies were determined after title and abstract screening. Additionally, nine articles were excluded based on the predetermined criteria. Two fully appraised articles were included in the study: one systematic review article, revealing a heterogenous (I2 = unstated; p = unstated) result of sensitivity mean above 85% and specificity above 75%; and one cross-sectional diagnostic study that reported the use of two different PCR primers: IS6110-PCR and 16SrRNA-PCR primer with a sensitivity of 95.99% and 87.05% and specificity of 98.11% and 98.9%, respectively. Conclusion: current limited evidence showed that PCR could not be solely used for the diagnosis of GUTB, but its use is recommended to guide patient treatment and monitoring."

"Berat jenis urine merupakan kepadatan zat terlalut dalam urine. Nilai berat jenis urine mencerminkan kemampuan ginjal dalam memekatkan urine. Berat jenis yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air pada tubuh belum tercukupi sehingga menyebabkan dehidrasi. Kasus dehidrasi sangat berbahaya apabila dialami oleh ibu hamil, karena dapat menyebabkan ukuran janin yang lebih kecil sehingga dapat beresiko stunting. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran berat jenis diperlukan sebagai pemantauan status hidrasi tubuh. Metode pengukuran berat jenis urine yang umum dilakukan adalah urinalisis kolorimetri menggunakan strip uji urine. Namun, penggunaan strip uji urine dengan membandingkan warna secara manual menghasilkan akurasi yang rendah karena interpretasi warna yang subjektif. Pada penelitian ini sistem instrumentasi kolorimteri berbasis kamera ponsel pintar dibangun untuk melakukan pengukuran berat jenis urine menggunakan strip uji urine. Pengembangan dilakukan pada bentuk strip uji dengan mengatur ulang bentuknya menjadi barcode uji. Pengambilan gambar barcode uji dilakukan menggunakan ponsel pintar Huawei Nova 5T, Samsung A72, dan Vivo Y12. Hasil citra yang didapatkan akan disegmentasi dan dilakukan koreksi warna. Papan warna referensi yang diadaptasi dari warna x-rite ColorChecker digunakan sebagai referensi untuk koreki warna citra dengan pemodelan Polynomial Color Correction (PCC). Hasil citra terkoreksi digunakan pada pengukuran barcode uji dengan melihat fungsi waktu serta digunakan pada pembangunan model klasifikasi dan regresi CNN-GoogleNet. Pengukuran terhadap barcode uji dengan fungsi waktu menunjukkan bahwa strip uji kosong yang berada di suhu ruang selama 10 menit masih layak digunakan dan waktu maksimal pengambilan citra barcode uji yang telah dicelupkan ke sampel adalah 5 menit. Model klasifikasi yang dibangun menghasilkan akurasi pelatihan dan pengujian sebesar 99,73% dan 98,76% dan untuk model regresi menghasilkan nilai RMSE sebesar 0,002 dan R2v sebesar 0,92. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan dengan CNN-GoogleNet dapat digunakan untuk prediksi kelas berat jenis urine dan prediksi kadar berat jenis urine.

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Specific gravity of urine is the density of too much substance in the urine. The value of the specific gravity of urine reflects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. High specific gravity indicates that the water content in the body is not sufficient, it causing dehydration. The case of dehydration is very dangerous when experienced by pregnant women, because it can cause a smaller size of the fetus so that it can be at risk of stunting. Therefore, measurement of specific gravity is needed as a monitoring of the body's hydration status. The urine specific gravity measurement method that is commonly used is colorimetric urinalysis using urine test strips. However, the use of urine test strips by manually comparing colors results in low accuracy due to subjective color interpretation. In this study a colorimetry instrumentation system based on a smartphone camera was built to measure urine specific gravity using urine test strips. The development is carried out on the shape of the test strip by rearranging its shape into a test barcode. The test barcode image was taken using the Huawei Nova 5T, Samsung A72, and Vivo Y12 smart phones. The resulting image will be segmented and color correction is performed. The reference color board adapted from the x-rite ColorChecker color is used as a reference for image color correction with Polynomial Color Correction (PCC) modeling. The results of the corrected image are used for measuring the test barcode by looking at the time function and used in the construction of the CNN-GoogleNet classification and regression model. The measurement of the test barcode with the time function shows that the blank test strip at room temperature for 10 minutes is still suitable for use and the maximum time for taking the test barcode image that has been immersed in the sample is 5 minutes. The classification model that was built resulted in training and testing accuracy of 99.73% and 98.76% and for the regression model it produced RMSE values of 0.002 and R² of 0.92. The results showed that modeling with CNN-GoogleNet can be used to predict urine specific gravity class and predict urine specific gravity level."

"Penelitian mengenai produksi suara dalam bidang ilmu kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi masih jarang hingga saat ini. Waktu fonasi maksimal (WFM) merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menilai ketahanan fonasi. Studi pendahuluan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui korelasi nilai prediksi ambilan oksigen maksimal (VO2 maksimal) yang didapatkan dari uji jalan enam menit dengan WFM pada populasi dewasa sehat sedenter bukan penyanyi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong-lintang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Kriteria inklusi di antaranya subjek berusia 18-50 tahun, sedenter dan bukan penyanyi. Subjek dengan riwayat merokok, memiliki gejala pernafasan dalam dua minggu terakhir, riwayat penyakit jantung, paru, muskuloskeletal dan gangguan keseimbangan dieksklusi dari studi ini. Pengukuran WFM dan uji jalan enam menit dilakukan oleh dua asesor berbeda dan tidak diketahui satu sama lain. Seluruh subjek pada studi ini (n=50) merupakan penduduk ras Mongoloid. Rerata WFM lebih tinggi pada subjek laki-laki (n=18) (27.4+7.4 s vs 20.6+5.1 s, p<0.001). Dari analisis bivariat, didapatkan korelasi antara WFM dan nilai prediksi VO2 maksimal (r=0.588, p<0.001) dan frekuensi suara (r=-0.360, p=0.010), namun setelah analisis multivariat, nilai prediksi VO2 maksimal merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang berhubungan dengan WFM (p=0.004). Terdapat korelasi sedang antara nilai prediksi ambilan oksigen maksimal dari uji jalan enam menit dengan waktu fonasi maksimal pada dewasa sehat sedenter bukan penyanyi.

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Studies regarding voice production in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation are still sparse to date. Maximum phonation time (MPT) is a parameter to measure phonation endurance. This preliminary study was aimed to determine the correlation of predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) obtained from six-minute walk test (6MWT) with MPT in healthy adult population of sedentary non-singers. This is a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling. The inclusion criteria are subjects aged 18-50 years, sedentary and non-singers. Subjects with a history of smoking, having respiratory symptoms in the last two weeks, heart, lung, musculoskeletal and balance problems were excluded from this study. The measurements of MPT and 6MWT were carried out by two different assessors blinded to each other. The subjects in this study (n=50) were all Mongoloids. The mean MPT was higher in male subjects (n=18) (27.4+7.4 s vs 20.6+5.1 s, p<0.001). From bivariate analysis, there was a correlation between MPT and predicted VO2 max (r=0.588, p<0.001), as well as vocal frequency (r=-0.360, p=0.010). However, after multivariate analysis, predicted VO2 max was the only factor associated with MPT (p=0.004). There is a moderate correlation between predicted VO2 max obtained from 6MWT and MPT in healthy adult population of sedentary non-singers.

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"Musik merupakan suatu komponen nada yang memberikan stimulus terhadap otak, termasuk untuk proses pembelajaran. Modul terapi musik STAM sudah digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pada fungsi kognitif pasien-pasien dengan gangguan kejiwaan seperti skizofrenia dan demensia. Adapun tujuan dari studi ini melakukan validasi modul terapi musik STAM ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, mengetahui efektivitas terhadap perbaikan atensi dan memori serta tingkat kepuasan responden. Proses penelitian ini terdiri atas proses penerjemahan dengan metode forward dan backward translation. Modul terapi musik STAM versi Bahasa Indonesia dilakukan uji validasi isi dengan menggunakan 3 orang penilai. Uji efektivitas dilakukan dengan desain kuasi eksperimen melibatkan 10 orang responden. Nilai kesahihan modul terapi musik STAM yang versi Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan Scale-Content Validity Index Average didapatkan nilai 0,96. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai yang signifikan untuk pengukuran pre dan post-test untuk instrumen RAVLT dan Tes Kelancaran Verbal. Sebanyak 70% responden menyatakan mudah untuk mengikuti instruksi selama proses terapi. Modul terapi musik STAM versi Bahasa Indonesia menunjukkan kesahihan yang baik dan efektif dalam meningkatkan atensi dan memori pada populasi orang dewasa sehat. 

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Music comprises of tones that serves as a stimulus to the brain, including for the learning process. The STAM music therapy module has been used to determine the effect on cognitive function of patients with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and dementia. The purpose of this study was to validate the STAM music therapy module into Indonesian, to find out its effectiveness in improving attention and memory and to identify the level of satisfaction of participants. The research process consisted of a translation process using forward and backward translation methods. The Indonesian version of the STAM music therapy module was tested for content validation using 3 raters. The effectiveness test was carried out with a quasi-experimental design involving 10 participants. The validity value of the STAM music therapy module in the Indonesian version using the Scale-Content Validity Index Average was 0.96. The results of statistical analysis showed significant values ​​for the pre and post-test measurements for the RAVLT instrument and Verbal Fluency Test. As many as 70% of respondents stated that it was easy to follow instructions during the therapy process. The Indonesian version of STAM music therapy module has good validity and has proved significant improvement in attention and memory among health adult population. "

"Edukasi tentang hidrasi penting untuk meningkatkan asupan air dan memperbaiki status hidrasi. Kami bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan pada skor Pengetahuan,Sikap dan Perilaku PSP pengasuh, total asupan air dan status hidrasi anak prasekolah setelah 4 minggu intervensi. Penelitian acak kelompok terkontrol membandingkan kelompok edukasi gizi dasar kontrol,N=47, edukasi hidrasi pada guru dan orang tua P1,N=44 , dan pada guru P2,N=52 . Total asupan air diukur menggunakan repeated 24h-Recall, PSP diidentifikasi dengan kuesioner terstruktur dan status hidrasi ditentukan melalui berat jenis urin. Setelah intervensi, skor pengetahuan dan total PSP pengasuh memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok kontrol dan P1; dan kelompok kontrol dan P2.

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Hydration education is important to increase water intake and improve hydration status. We aimed to assess the differences on caregiver rsquo s Knowledge,Attitude and Practice KAP, total water intake and hydration status of preschool children after 4 weeks. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing basic nutrition education control,N 47 , hydration education to teacher and parents INT1,N 44 and to teachers INT2,N 52 groups. Total water intake was assessed by repeated 24h Recall, the KAP was identified by structured questionnaire and hydration status was determined by Urine Specific Gravity. After intervention, knowledge and total KAP scores were significantly different between control and INT1 and control and INT2 groups."

"ABSTRAKStatus gizi lebih merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang sedang dialami Indonesia. Overweight dan obesitas merupakan masalah gizi lebih. Didunia pada tahun 2016 lebih dari 1,9 miliar orang dewasa berusia 18 tahun ke atas mengalami overweight. Dari jumlah tersebut, lebih dari 650 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. Terdapat banyak faktor risiko yang menyebabkan gizi lebih. Dengan mulai adanya kecendrungan pola konsumsi ke arah makanan yang berisiko di daerah pesisir Indonesia, keadaan ini memungkinkan untuk meningkatnya risiko masalah gizi lebih yang akan mengakibatkan penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan status gizi lebih pada penduduk dewasa umur > 18 di daerah pesisir Indonesia tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Cross Sectional dari data Riset Kesehatan Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 2013. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat untuk melihat distribusi, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk melihat kemaknaan hubungan antara variabel independen dan dependen dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 26,3 penduduk pesisir di Indonesia memiliki status gizi lebih. Determinan status gizi lebih didaerah pesisir adalah umur OR=1,372; 95 CI 1,330-1,415, jenis kelamin OR=1,594; 95 CI 1,532-1,660, tingkat pendidikan OR=0,879; 95 CI 0,847-0,912, status perkawinan OR=2,571; 95 CI 2,464-2,684, status sosial ekonomi OR=0, 377; 95 CI 0,356-0,400 dan OR=0,673; 95 CI 0,646-0,700, tempat tinggal OR=1,252; 95 CI 1,201-1309, aktivitas fisik OR=0,862; 95 CI 0,799-0,930, perilaku sedenter OR=1,061; 95 CI 1,008-1,118 dan OR=1,028; 95 CI 0,991-1,067, kebiasaan merokok OR=0,743; 95 CI 0,710-0,777, konsumsi buah dan sayur OR=0,742; 95 CI 0,480-1,146 dan konsumsi makanan berisiko OR=1,074; 95 CI 0,978-1,179. Dianjurkan kepada penduduk dewasa umur > 18 tahun di daerah pesisir Indonesia untuk meningkatkan konsumsi buah dan sayur dan aktivitas fisik, mengurangi perilaku sedenter dan rutin memantau berat badan.

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ABSTRACTOvernutritional status is one of the nutrient problems in Indonesia. Overweight and obesity are classified as overnutritiona problem. In the worldwide, 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults about 18 years old and above are overweight. On that population, over 650 million people are obese. Dietary patterns have shifted to high risk food consumption in Coastal area in Indonesia. This condition leads to an increased risk of overnutrition problems that will lead to degenerative diseases. The study aimed to the determinants of overnutritional status in Adult Population Age 18 Years Old In Coastal Area of Indonesia. This Study used a cross sectional design with the source of data used is Riskesdas 2013. Data analysis were done by univariate analysis to see the distribution, bivariate analysis using Chi Square test to see the significance of the relationship between independent and dependent variables and Multivariate analyisis using Logistic regression technique The results shows that 26,3 of Population In Coastal Area of Indonesia were overnutrition. Determinants of overnutritional status in coastal area ere age OR 1,372 ; 95 CI 1,330 ; 1,415, sex OR 1,594; 95 CI 1,532 1,660, level of education OR 0,879 95 CI 0,847 ; 0,912, marital status OR 2,571 ; 95 CI 2,464 2,684, social economic status OR 0,377 95 CI 0,356 ; 0,400 dan OR 0,673 95 CI 0,646 ; 0,700, residence OR 1,252 ; 95 CI 1,201 ; 1309, physical activity OR 0,862 ; 95 CI 0,799 0,930, sedentary behavior OR 1,061 95 CI 1,008 ; 1,118 dan OR 1,028 ; 95 CI 0,991 ; 1,067, smoking status OR 0,743 ; 95 CI 0,710 ; 0,777, and food and vegetable consumption OR 0,742 ; 95 ; CI 0,480 ; 1,146, and risk food consumption OR 1,074 ;95 CI 0,978 ; 1,179. Thus, it is recommended for adult aged 18 years in coastal area of Indonesia to increase fruit and vegetable consumption, increase doing physical activity, reduce sedentary behavior and routine to monitoring body weight. "

"ABSTRACTMost poverty prevalence in developing countries is found among people living in rural areas, which depend on agricultural activities as their main source of livelihood (Suryana, 1992, Kuhonta, 1986). This study assessed the overall condition of the rural community in Pasaman (Jambak and Sarik village) and Sawahlunto/Sijunjung (SP I and SP IV village) district regarding to the poverty and nutritional situation by using an adapted Rapid Rural assessment method which was called RAPID: Rapid Nutritional Assessment for Community Based Poverty Alleviation Projects in Developing Countries, developed by GTZ. The method consists of interviewing key persons, focus group discussion, observation and height measurement of school children (6-9 years old). Other method to diagnose and analyze the nutritional situation of risk group is a nutritional survey. Interview and anthropometrics measurement of fewer than five children and the mother were done in this method. A poor state of nutrition and health also leads to lower productivity and reduces the availability of food at the household level, which now forms a vicious cycle. The availability of food can describe the food security status of the household. This study also attempted to look into the main problems of food security on rural community by using food security questionnaire developed by SEARCA (South East Asian Regional Center for Agriculture). The result of interviewing the mothers by this method revealed that current food security status in Jambak and Sarik was better than SP I and SP IV while SP IV was worse than SP I. The similar result was found by other two methods. RAPID method described the overall condition of the study area in a short time. This method also collected preliminary information on the nature and importance of poverty and nutritional problem, and supply of the resources of the study area. However this method insufficient to describe the relationship between nutritional problem and its determinant factor. Baseline survey gave the extent of the nutritional problem in the area, nevertheless this method needed some resources; fund, personnel, equipments and time. Food security method assessed the extent of food security problems in the area, however in this study, it was proved that the questionnaire was not fully applicable, therefore further analyses based on SEARCA method could not be completely applied."