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"ABSTRACTAim: to assess the immunogenicity and safety of CYD-tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in children. Methods: comprehensive literature searches were conducted on various databases. Randomized-controlled trials on children with CYD-TDV as intervention were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extracted from selected trials included safety of vaccine and immunogenicity in terms of Geometric Mean Titres (GMT) of antibodies. Results: A six clinical trials were selected based on preset criteria. GMT values were obtained using 50% Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) and safety was semi-quantitatively assessed based on adverse effects. Additional data processing was done to obtain a better understanding on the trends among the studies. The results showed that the groups vaccinated with CYD-TDV showed higher immunogenicity against dengue virus antigens than the control groups. Safety results were satisfactory in all trials, and most severe side effects were unrelated to the vaccine. Conclusion: CYD-TDV is both effective and safe for patients in endemic regions. This gives promise for further development and large-scale research on this vaccine to assess its efficacy in decreasing dengue prevalence, and its pervasive implementation in endemic countries, such as Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKVirus dengue DENV dapat menginfeksi manusia tanpa batasan usia di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Vaksin DENV dari keempat serotype sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah infeksi DENV. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat respon imun seluler CD4, CD8, dan CD25 pada mencit yang diimunisasi dengan vaksin DNA pUMD4 kla/b. Plasmid pUMD4 kla/b diproduksi dan diisolasi dengan menggunakan berbagai metode. Uji ekspresi pUMD4 kla/b dilakukan dengan transfeksi pada sel Chinese Hamster Ovary. Plasmid yang telah mengekspresikan protein preM-E DENV-4 selanjutnya diimunisasikan pada mencit ddY pada hari ke-0, ke-21, dan ke-42. Hasil analisis limpa tanpa induksi dengan menggunakan uji flow cytometry menunjukkan persentase CD4 pada mencit yang diimunisasi lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok pUMVC4a dan kelompok tanpa imunisasi. Akan tetapi persentase CD8 dan CD25 menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok pUMVC4a dan kelompok tanpa imunisasi. Analisis limpa dengan induksi pada mencit yang diimunisasi sebesar 3,7 CD4 , 9,7 CD8 , dan 13 CD25 secara berurutan dan persentase CD4, CD8, dan CD25 lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok pUMVC4a dan kelompok tanpa imunisasi setelah imunisasi ke-3. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah adanya aktivasi imun seluler pada mencit setelah imunisasi dengan pUMD4 kla/b.

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ABSTRACTDengue virus infected humans in every ranges of ages at tropical and subtropical regions. In previous study DNA vaccine pUMD4 kla b was constructed. The purpose of this research is to inform cellular immune responses CD4, CD8, and CD25 in mice those were immunised by pUMD4 kla b. pUMD4 kla b plasmid was isolated by many methods. Expression test of pUMD4 kla b was held by transfection on CHO cells. pUMD4 kla b that had expressed preM E dengue proteins was immunised in ddY mice in aged 5 6 weeks on day 0, day 21, and day 42. Evaluation of immunizations could be seen from flow cytometry test on mice rsquo s splenocytes. pUMD4 kla b could express preM E dengue proteins. Result showed enhancements on percentages rsquo numbers of CD4 cells 2.6 , CD8 cells 4.4 , and CD25 6 in ddY mice without induction, and CD4 cells 3.7 , CD8 cells 9.7 , and CD25 13 with induction after third immunizations. Percentages of CD4, CD8, and CD25 in pUMD4 kla b rsquo s immunizations are higher than in pUMVC4a rsquo s immunizations and without immunizations. Conclusion there were cellular immunity activations after immunized with pUMD4 kla b."

"ABSTRAKTerdapat berbagai cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah infeksi dengue, salah satunya adalah vaksinasi. Vaksin CYD-TDV Chimeric yellow fever virus-Dengue virus-Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine merupakan vaksin dengue pertama yang diterima oleh WHO dan telah diterima juga untuk didistribusikan ke berbagai negara, salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat berbagai faktor yang mungkin berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan orang tua terhadap pemberian vaksin dengue pada anak, seperti faktor sosiodemografis, serta pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orang tua. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan preferensi orang tua mengenai vaksin dengue. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain cross-sectional dengan data primer yang didapatkan dari pengisian kuisioner oleh subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 98,50 responden menerima pemberian vaksin dengue kepada anak mereka. Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap penerimaan orang tua terhadap pemberian vaksin dengue pada anak p >0,05. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian 35,96 berpendapat bahwa perlindungan pasti sebagai hal terpenting dari vaksin dengue. Sementara itu, 56,93 responden yang menilai biaya sama dengan atau kurang dari Rp 50.000,00 merupakan harga yang terjangkau. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penerimaan orangtua terhadap vaksin relatif baik.

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ABSTRACTThere are ways to prevent dengue infections, one of which is by receiving vaccination. CYD TDV Chimeric yellow fever virus Dengue virus Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine was the first vaccine to be accepted by the World Health Organization to be distributed worldwide, including Indonesia. This study aimed to explore factors which might contribute to parents 39 acceptance of their children being subject of dengue vaccinations. This study also shows parents 39 preference of the most important characteristics of dengue vaccines. The study design applied was cross sectional study with primary data collected from questionnaire filled by study subjects. This study shows 98.5 respondents accept dengue vaccination for their children. Meanwhile, this study found no factor which has significant relation to parents 39 dengue vaccine acceptance p 0.05. The most popular preference for the most important vaccine characteristic was 100 protection 35.96 . Meanwhile, 56.93 of all respondents categorized vaccination costs of IDR 50,000.00 and below as affordable. According to the result of the research, parents 39 vaccine acceptance in Jakarta could be considered relatively good."

"ABSTRACTAim: to detect Y-chromosomal microdeletion in Indonesian men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia using multiplex PCR. Methods: we performed 2 multiplex PCR amplifications of the Azoospermia Factor (AZF) region in 71 men. Criteria for including a patient were fulfilled if they presented with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, with or without additional abnormalities of sperm motility or of head morphology, raised or normal levels of FSH, normal levels of LH and testosterone, and with no evidence of testicular tumors or other abnormalities. Five men participated as control persons. Results: partial deletion of AZFa was found in 11 men (15.49%), complete deletion of AZFb in 1 man (1.4%), and complete deletion of AZFc in 1 man (1.4%). The unspecific type of deletion was also detected, including the DBY gene in 2 men (2.81%), and partial deletion of both AZFa and AZFb in 2 men (2.81%). No AZF deletion was observed in the control probands. Related to the type of deletion, the AZFa and AZFb deletion showed spermatogenesis arrest in most tubules, while deletion of the DBY gene is associated with the sertoli cell only (SCO) syndrome. Conclusion: the frequency of partial deletion of AZFa was found to be relatively high in our center. The type of deletion is associated with the testicular histology."

"Dengue fever ada\ah penyakit tropis terabaikan, dimana penyakit ini ditularkan oleh nyamuk yang paling cepat berkembang, dimana hampir setengah populasi di dunia sekarang berisiko. Penyakit ini salah satu penyebab utama penyakit serius dan kematian pada anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan k~iadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dengan perilaku keluarga (pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik) dalam pencegahan DBD di Kelurahan Way Urang Kabupaten Lampung Selatan tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 125 keluarga dengan teknik cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan pengetahuan (p=0,001), tetapi tidak ada hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan sikap (p=0,875), praktik (p=0,257) dan peri!aku (komposit) keluarga dalam pencegahan DBD (p=0.,600). Pemberian promosi kesehatan tentang DBD dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan kebutuhan keluarga. yang berdampak pada perubahan perilaku keluarga dalam pencegahan DBD.

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Dengue fever is a neglected tropical disease, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. The disease is growing fast, making nearly half of the population of t.lte world is now at risk. The disease is one of the main causes of serious illness and death in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and family behaviors (knowledge, attitudes and practices) in the prevention of dengue in the Village Way Urang South Lampung regency in 2016. The method used was the cross sectional study with cluster sampling technique. A total number of respondents of 125 families involved in this study. The results showed there is a relationship between the incidence of dengue with knowledge (p = 0.001). however there is no association between the incidence of dengue and the attitude (p = 0.875), practice (p = 0.257) and behavior (composite) of the family in the prevention of dengue fever (p = 0.600). The provision of health promotion about dengue can be carried out in accordance with the needs of the family, which would have an impact on changes in family's behavior in the prevention of dengue."

"Model penyebaran penyakit DBD akan dibahas dalam tugas akhir ini. Berbagai intervensi mulai dari vaksin terhadap manusia dewasa, vaksin terhadap bayi baru lahir, penggunaan insektisida, larvasida, dan mechanical control akan menjadi pertimbangan dalam menganalisa model DBD. Terdapat tiga jenis titik keseimbangan yang terbentuk dari model penyebaran penyakit DBD dengan berbagai intervensi ini yaitu: Mosquito-Free Equilibrium, Disease-Free Equilibrium (dengan dan tanpa kompartemen vaksin), dan Endemic Equilibrium. Dari model ini akan diperoleh nilai basic reproduction number yang menjadi faktor dimana penyakit ini dikatakan epidemik atau tidak dalam suatu populasi. Melalui kajian analitik dan numerik, diperoleh hasil bahwa penggunaan insektisida, vaksinasi terhadap manusia dewasa, dan pelaksanaan mechanical control merupakan intervensi yang paling signifikan dalam mengurangi penyebaran infeksi penyakit DBD oleh nyamuk, dibandingan dengan penggunaan larvasida, dan vaksin pada bayi baru lahir.

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Mathematical model of dengue diseases transmission will be discussed in this undergraduate thesis. Various interventions such as adult and newborn vaccine, the used of insecticide and larvacide treatment, also enforcement of mechanical control will be considered when analyzing the mathematical model. There are 3 types of equilibrium points that will be built upon the dengue model. In this thesis those points are Mosquito-Free Equilibrium, Disease-Free Equilibrium (with and without vaccinated compartment), and Endemic Equilibrium. From this dengue model, basic reproduction number will be obtained as the main value factor whether the disease will become epidemic in a population or not. Based on the analytical and numerical analysis, insecticide treatment, adult vaccine, and enforcement of mechanical control are the most significant interventions when reducing the spread of dengue disease infection that caused by mosquitoes, rather than larvacide treatment and newborn vaccine."

"ABSTRACTBackground: the aging process causes decreasing in the function of various organs. Skletal muscle is one of the organs affected by aging process. It is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. The handgrip strength examination is often applied as a sarcopenia filtering technique. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age, nutritional status, and chronic diseases such as stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with handgrip strength. Methods: a cross-sectional study to determine factors related to the handgrip strength in elderly patients was conducted in Geriatric outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from August to October 2015. There were 352 eligible subjects in this study recruited with consecutive sampling. The independent variables in the study consisted of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic disease (stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), waist circumference while the dependent variable was handgrip strength. Results: age of more than 75 years old and malnutriton were risk factors that affected hangrip strength. Age of >75 years increase the risk for having low handgrip strength by 2,3-fold. Malnutrition increased risk for low handgrip strength for 1,9-fold. Conclusion: ages of >75 years old and malnutrition will increase the risk of low handgrip strength in elderly patients."

"Virus dengue (DENV) menyebabkan penyakit infeksi akut yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Infeksi dengue masih menjadi masalah kesehatan terutama di negara-negara tropis akibat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang dapat ditimbulkannya. Hingga saat ini, belum tersedia antiviral yang spesifik terhadap DENV sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan antiviral yang spesifik untuk DENV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek ekstrak daun Cynometra ramiflora Linn. in vitro pada sel Huh7it-1 untuk menilai potensi tanaman tersebut sebagai terapi spesifik untuk menanggulangi infeksi DENV. Dilakukan pengenceran terhadap ekstrak C. ramiflora Linn. dengan konsentrasi 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 2,5 μg/ml, dan 1,25 μg/ml. Selanjutnya, DENV dipaparkan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak tersebut. Penghambatan replikasi virus ditentukan dengan pengukuran titer virus menggunakan uji Focus Assay, sedangkan efek toksisitas ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode MTT Assay. Dari kedua uji tersebut didapatkan nilai CC50 dan IC50 masing-masing sebesar 125 μg/ml dan 20,1 μg/ml sehingga didapatkan indeks selektivitas sebesar 6,2. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak C. ramiflora Linn. tidak toksik dan memiliki potensi antiviral.

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Dengue virus (DENV) causes an acute infection that may lead to death. Due to the morbidity and mortality produced, dengue infection is still a serious health problem especially in tropical countries. To this time, there is still no specific antiviral to overcome DENV. Therefore, a research to find a specific antiviral for DENV is necessary. This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of Cynometra ramiflora Linn. leaf extract in vitro on Huh7it-1 cell as a specific antiviral for DENV infection. The leaf extract of C. ramiflora Linn. was diluted to concentration 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 2,5 μg/ml, and 1,25 μg/ml. Next, DENV was exposed to those concentration. The inhibition of DENV replication was observed using Focus Assay, while the toxicity of the extract to Huh7it-1 was evaluated using MTT Assay. From the experiment, the value of CC50 and IC50 are 125 μg/ml and 20,1 μg/ml, respectively. From the research, it can be concluded that C. ramiflora Linn. extract is not toxic and has a potency for antiviral."

"Background: nowadays, specific IgE measurement has been conducted in Indonesia, however there is still lack of data regarding diagnostic test to detect inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies.This study aimed to determine the accuracy of specific IgE test in diagnosing specific sensitization of inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies.Methods: this was a cross sectional study in patients with respiratory allergies and part of epidemiology study regarding to specific IgE sensitization in Allergy-Immunollogy Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta within November-December 2016. Measurement of specific IgE sensitization using Immunoblot method (Euroline, Euroimmun AG, Germany). The tested allergen is house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) and cockroach Blatella germanica (Bla g). The result is compared with gold standard, skin prick test. The diagnostic result includes sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-).Results: a total of 101 patients were enrolled; 77 (76.2%) were women. Patients mean age was 38.8 years old. Based on SPT, sensitization was highest for Blo t (76.2%), followed by Der p (70.3%), Der f (69.3%), and Bla g (41.6%). Specific IgE-sensitization was highest for Der f (52.9%), followed by Der p (38.2%), Blo t (33.3%) and Bla g (10.8%). Der p allergen had 50.7% sentivity, 90% specificity, 92.3% PPV, 43.5% NPV, 5.1 LR+ and 0.1LR-. Der f showed 71.4% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 82.6% PPV, 57.4% NPV, 5.5 LR+ and 0.3 LR-. Blo t allergen had 41.6% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity, 94.1% PPV, 32.8% NPV, 5.0 LR+, and 0.6 LR-. Bla g allergen had 23.8% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, 90.9% PPV, 64.4% NPV, 14.5 LR+ and 0.8 LR-.Conclusion: serum specific IgE testing to common inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergy showed only low-to-moderate sensitivity, but high specificity and PPV. This new assay can be used to diagnose allergen sensitization in the population with high prevalence of TDR and cockroach."