Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Based on observations and in-depth interviews, Border Lives tells the story of how diverse groups of individuals came to establish roots in Tijuana, beginning shortly after the termination of the Bracero Program (1942-64) and ending in the present. It describes how these different groups of migrants and residents adapt to a dynamic borderlands economy and draw on the border as a resource to construct their livelihoods. The book details the consequences of border-enforcement and immigration restrictions over several decades, documenting the ways in which policies create precarious situations for those who cross the border and come in contact with them on a regular basis. The book shows how individuals have used the border as a resource in the past, and how current residents are forced to seek ways to access the opportunities that the border offers in the future. Yet for all of these border crossers-former, current, and future-the border itself figures significantly, not only in their livelihood strategy but also in their lifestyle, shaping their knowledge, action, and their relationships, controlling their time, and allowing them to convert US wages into a Mexican standard of living, without losing the social and cultural comforts of Tijuana-as-home."

"ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine transnational belonging among Bangladeshi migrants in South Korea. The results showed that Bangladeshi migrants in South Korea have strong transnational belonging to their homeland. The highest degrees of transnational belonging were found to be a motherhoodlike relationship with their homeland, in the category of autographical belonging; talking in their native language and eating traditional food in the area of cultural originality belonging; watching Bangladeshi television in cultural entertainment belonging; taking care of families who stay in the homeland in economic livelihood belonging; saving money for future wellbeing in economic financial belonging; feeling proud of being a Bangladeshi citizen in legal psychological belonging; and feeling secure as a Bangladeshi citizen in legal safety and security belonging. Transnational belonging to the homeland varies more by present occupation, visa status, and reason for migration, while labor migrants who hold E9 visas and migrants who migrated for economic reasons showed stronger transnational economic livelihood belonging and economic finance belonging. This study suggests subsequent studies to compare transnational belonging of various migrant groups through sampling based on sociodemographic factors."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan atas pengaturan kriminalisasi penyelundupan migran yang dimuat dalam United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime dan Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air Tahun 2000. Melalui kriminalisasi penyelundupan migran diharapkan dapat memberikan efek jera terhadap para pelaku penyelundupan migran. Indonesia, Australia, dan Inggris sebagai contoh negara-negara yang terkena dampak dari penyelundupan migran telah meratifikasi United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime dan Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air. Komitmen ketiga negara tersebut untuk terikat dalam perjanjian internasional ini tentunya menimbulkan kewajiban-kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi, salah satunya adalah kriminalisasi penyelundupan migran. Ketiga negara tersebut sebagai negara peserta United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime dan Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air diwajibkan untuk melakukan kriminalisasi penyelundupan migran melalui peraturan perundang-undangannya masing-masing. Dalam melaksanakan kewajiban tersebut ketiga negara di atas memiliki cara-cara serta hambatannya masing-masing.

---

This final paper discusses about the compliance towards regulations on migrants smuggling criminalization in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air. Migrants smuggling criminalization is hoped to give a deterrent effect towards the perpetrators. Indonesia, Australia, and the United Kingdom are three states that are affected by migrants smuggling that have ratified United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air. The commitments of those states to be bound to such international treaties obviously will raise obligations that need to be fulfilled. Those three states as the party of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air are obliged to criminalize the offence of smuggling of migrants through their own national regulations. In fulfilling such obligation those three countries have their own ways and impediments."

"ABSTRACTGlobal union federations (GUFs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been concluding international framework agreements (IFAs) to protect their interests amidst the globalizing economic landscape. By modelling the underlying bargaining processes, the authors show that IFAs can be expected when both sides exhibit risk aversion, although the agreement will favour the less riskaverse side. Since globalization has created fewer vulnerabilities for MNEs than for G UFs, IFAs have so far typically delivered only minimal benefits for labour. But this should change in the future if strengthened transnational union capacities and abilities to threaten MNEs with reputational costs bring greater equalization of attitudes towards risk."