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"ABSTRAKTo minimize makespan in the permutation flow shop scheduling problem, a modified immunogulobulin-based artificial immune system algorithm (M-IAIS) is developed to search for a job sequence. The basic structure of immunoglobulin-based artificial immune system algorithm consists of three parts, somatic recombination, hypermutation, and isotype switching. A special process, named B cell repertoire updating, is considered in M-IAIS algorithm to accelerate the deviation, hypothesis test, convergence speed. Taillard's benchmark problems are chosen as test instances. Percentage paper to evaluate the performance of M-IAIS algorithm. Computational result show that M-IAIS algorithm is competitive for the permutation flow shop scheduling problem."

"This paper consider a single bacth processing machne problem, in this problem, jobs whit release time and size will be assigned into some batches and processed aiming to minimize makespan. give taht this problem in NP-hard, an immunoglobulin-based artifical immune system (IAIS) alogarithm is used to solve the problem . the proposed IAIS alogarithm has two meaningful featurs. first, the searching area is limited in the somatic recombination process in order to decrease the computitational time. second, serveral local search metods area mxed for use in each run to change neighbor and ascape from local optimum. comparisons with an alogarithm for the problem are shown to verify proposed IAIS. comparisons results have shown that the proposed IAIS alogarithm has a better performance than the existing alogarithm. "

"This book covers the development of the general problem solving techniques for automated configuration, which are based on both published academic work and patents."

"Salah satu bentuk nyata dari globalisasi dalam bidang ekonomi adalah terciptanya perdagangan bebas yang kini telah diterapkan oleh hampir seluruh negara di dunia. Pergerakan global menuju pasar bebas ini telah mengubah pasar global menjadi sangat kompetitif. Oleh karena itu, para produsen dipaksa untuk terus mempertahankan atau meningkatkan daya saing mereka. Menerapkan metode penjadwalan yang efisien adalah salah satu strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan daya saing manufaktur. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada pemecahan masalah penjadwalan toko aliran permutasi (PFSP) yang dapat diterapkan secara luas di industri. Pertama, heuristik Nawaz, Enscore, dan Ham (NEH) akan dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan strategi pencarian lokal. Kemudian heuristik yang diusulkan tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan NEH oleh Nawaz et al. (1983) dan NEHKD oleh Kewal et al. (2019). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa heuristik yang diusulkan dapat mengungguli heuristik pembanding dalam memperoleh solusi dengan makespan yang lebih rendah bagi PFSP. Selain itu, nilai indikator dari median yang dikombinasikan dengan standar deviasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja lebih jauh.

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One of the real examples of globalization in economy is the creation of free trade policy which is currently applied by almost all countries in the world. This global movement towards the free market has turned the global market to become highly competitive. Therefore, manufacturers are forced to continuously maintain or enhance their competitiveness. Applying an efficient scheduling method is one of the effective strategies in increasing the manufacturing efficiency and competitiveness of the manufacture. Therefore, this paper focuses on solving permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSP) that can be widely applied in the industry. First, Nawaz, Enscore, and Ham (NEH) heuristic will be modified by adding a local search strategy. Then the proposed heuristic will be compared with NEH by Nawaz et al. (1983) and NEHKD by Kewal et al. (2019). The result shows that the proposed heuristic can outperform other compared heuristics in obtaining a better solution with smaller makespan for PFSP. Moreover, indicator value of median combined with standard deviation can enhance the heuristic performance even further."

"This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems, ICARIS 2012, held in Taormia, Italy, in August 2012. The 19 revised selected papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. In addition 4 papers of the workshop on bio and immune inspired algorithms and models for multi-level complex systems are included in this volume. Artificial immune systems (AIS) is a diverse and maturing area of research that bridges the disciplines of immunology, biology, medical science, computer science, physics, mathematics and engineering. The scope of AIS ranges from modelling and simulation of the immune system through to immune-inspired algorithms and in silico, in vitro and in vivo solutions."

"Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is believed to lead to an increased susceptibility to infection, or cause impaired immunity. Infection, occurring with malnutrition, is a major cause of morbidity in all age groups and is responsible for two-thirds of all death under 5 yr of age in developing countries. Many cells of the immune system are known to depend for their function on metabolic pathways that employ various nutrients as critical factors. The most consistent changes in immune competence in PEM are in cell-mediated immunity, the bactericidal function of neutrophils, the complement system, the secretory immunoglobin A, and antibody response."