Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"INTRODUCTIONAt the beginning of 1870 a small group of men who combined business experience withenormous enterprise decided to set up a German export bank based in Berlin. This newFinancial Institution was named simply ?Deutsche Bank?. Its founding charter wasapproved on 10 March 1870 by ?supreme decree of His Majesty the King of Prussia?. lnthe period of 1871-1873 the Bank opened first branches outside Germany, in London,Shanghai and Yokohama.Now the Bank has 256.000 shareholders with 58% belonged to Institutional andCompanies Investors, 39% belonged to individuals and the Bank staff own 3%. DeutscheBanks half year results for 1997 saw net income rise by 27.5% to DEM 1,5 billion.Earnings per share rose by DEM 0.60 to DEM 2.90 with return on equity before taxesrising to l8.6%. This increase can be attributed to the buoyant performance of the equityand foreign exchange markets with substantial exchange rate movements impactingpositively on earnings and increased expenses. Return on equity before tax increased 3.4percentage points to 17.1%, while the cost/income ratio of just under 72% is roughly on apar with comparable multinational universal banks. The Group?s capital and reserves grewto DEM 29.7 billion after 1,2 billion had been transferred to retained earnings.To run its operation, the Bank is classified into five divisions ; three business divisions andtwo service divisions. The three business division are Retail and Private BankingDivision, Corporate and Institutional Banking, and Investment Banking. The twoservice divisionsare Group Services and Staff Divisions."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menjelaskan tentang kronologi pemerintahan Muhammad Mursi sejak dilantik hingga dikudeta oleh militer Mesir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas pemilihan topik, heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan secara kronologis situasi dan kondisi Mesir pada masa pemerintahan Muhammad Mursi sejak dilantik hingga dikudeta. Selain itu, temuan dari penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa peristiwa kudeta presiden yang dilakukan oleh militer Mesir tersebut bukan merupakan kudeta menurut Edward Luttwak dan Eric A. Nordlinger, melainkan sebuah penggulingan yang dieksekusi oleh militer Mesir.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis describes the chronology of Egypt government under the reign of Muhammad Mursi, starting from his coronation until his coup by Egyptian Armed Force. The method used is the historical method consisting of a selection of topics, heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this thesis is to explain in chronological circumstances of Egypt during the reign of Muhammad Mursi since his coronation until his coup. In addition, the result of this thesis shows that the president coup d?etat events conducted by the Egyptian Armed Force is not a coup by Edward Luttwak and Eric A. Nordlinger theories, but an overthrow which was executed by the Egyptian Armed Force."

"ABSTRAKJurnal ini membahas tentang kudeta yang dilakukan militer Mesir terhadap presiden Muhammad Mursi. Mesir memiliki sejarah panjang dengan kekuasaan militer. Sejak militer mengkudeta Raja Farouq pada tahun 1952, militer tidak pernah kehilangan kekuasaan tertinggi dalam pemerintahan Mesir hingga akhirnya gelombang Arab Spring pada tahun 2011 mengakhiri rezim militer yang telah berkuasa selama puluhan tahun. Pemilu secara demokratis diselenggarakan demi memilih presiden dengan cara yang demokratis. Maka terpilihlah Muhammad Mursi dari kelompok Islamis Ikhwanul Muslimin. Mursi terpilih pada bulan Juni 2012 dengan perolehan suara 51,7 . Mursi berupaya untuk mengembalikan keadaan ekonomi dan politik Mesir yang merosot pasca revolusi 2011. Namun ternyata, ada pihak yang tidak senang dengan berkuasanya Mursi. Salah satunya adalah pihak militer. Apalagi setelah Mursi mengeluarkan dekrit yang dianggap hanya menguntungkan dirinya. Ditambah cara Mursi yang terlalu frontal ingin menghilangkan pengaruh militer di berbagai sektor. Maka terjadilah demonstrasi besar-besaran menuntut presiden Mursi untuk turun. Suasana ini dimanfaatkan oleh militer untuk berafiliasi dengan kelompok oposisi untuk melengserkan Mursi. Dalam kondisi masyarakat yang sedang gaduh, militer menuntut Mursi untuk memperbaiki keadaan dalam waktu 48 jam sejak militer memberi ultimatum. Karena dianggap gagal, akhirnya militer mengambil alih pemerintahan pada 3 Juli 2013.

---

ABSTRACTThis journal discusses the Egyptian military coup against the president Muhammad Mursi. Egypt has a long history of military rule. Since the military coup against King Farouq in 1952, the military has never lost the highest authority in the government until the Arab Spring wave in 2011 put an end to the military regime. The election held in order to elect a president by democratic means. Then elected Islamist Mohammed Morsi from Muslim Brotherhood. Morsi was elected in June 2012 by a vote of 51.7 . Mursi seeks to restore the economic and political situation post revolution 2011. However, there are those who are not happy with Mursi to power. One of them is the military. Especially after Mursi issued a decree that considered only benefit him. Plus Mursi wants to eliminate the influence of the military in various sectors. Then there was massive demonstrations demanding the president Morsi to step down. This atmosphere is used by the military to be affiliated with opposition groups to depose Morsi. In conditions of the people who were being rowdy, demanding military Mursi to remedy the situation within 48 hours. Because it was considered a failure, the military finally took office on July 3, 2013."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kudeta oleh militer di Myanmar tahun 2021. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori milik Harold Crouch tentang faktor pendorong intervensi militer. Crouch mengemukakan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang melatarbelakangi kudeta yang dilakukan oleh militer, yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi orientasi dan kepentingan militer, sedangkan faktor eksternal berkaitan dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi, keadaan politik, dan faktor dunia internasional. Dengan memaparkan faktor-faktor tersebut, faktor internal dan faktor eksternal merupakan faktor yang melatarbelakangi kudeta di Myanmar pada tahun 2021. Faktor internal berkaitan dengan orientasi militer bahwa hanya Tatmadaw satu-satunya institusi yang bisa menjaga keutuhan negara dan faktor kepentingan militer dimana menguatnya supremasi sipil berpotensi rentan bagi konglomerasi bisnis yang dijalankan Tatmadaw. Sedangkan faktor eksternal berkaitan dengan kemenangan partai NLD pada pemilihan umum tahun 2020 berpotensi menghilangkan dominasi yang dimiliki oleh Tatmadaw.

---

This study discusses the factors that led to the military coup in Myanmar in 2021. With a qualitative approach, this study uses Harold Crouch's theoretical framework regarding the factors driving military intervention. Crouch argued that there were two factors behind the coup carried out by the military, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include military orientation and interests, while external factors relate to socio-economic conditions, political conditions, and international factors. By explaining these factors, internal factors and external factors are the factors behind the coup in Myanmar in 2021. The internal factors are related to the military orientation that only the Tatmadaw is the only institution that can maintain the integrity of the country and the military interest factor where the strengthening of civilian supremacy has the potential vulnerable to the business conglomerates run by the Tatmadaw. Meanwhile, external factors related to the victory of the NLD party in the 2020 general election have the potential to eliminate the dominance of the Tatmadaw."

"ABSTRAKRuang lingkup penelitian difokuskan tentang kudeta pada masa Abbasiyah era pertama, sekitar 750 Masehi sampai 1258 Masehi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemunduran dinasti Abbasiyah yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh kudeta. Hal ini adalah sebuah permasalahan, karena dinasti Abbasiyah dianggap sebagai masa kejayaan Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa, kudeta merupakan salah satu penyebab yang signifikan terhadap kemunduran dinasti Abbasiyah. Penyebab terjadinya kudeta adalah sentimen golongan, suksesi, ekonomi, kebijakan penguasa, dan sekte menyimpang. Tujuan di balik kudeta tersebut adalah stabilisasi, reformasi dan revolusi.

---

ABSTRACTThis research is to study the coup d rsquo etat that happened in the time of Abbasid caliphate. The scale of the research was being focused on the coup d rsquo etat that happened in the first era of Abbasid caliphate, that was reigned about 750 A.D. until 1258 A.D. The reason behind this Thesis was the significant declination of the Abbasid caliphate caused by internal problems. This is a problem, because Abbasid caliphate was regarded as the time of islamic golden age. This research is a cualitative reasearch based on historical research. The conclusion of the research is that coup d rsquo etat is one of the major causes of the declination of Abbasid caliphate. The causes of the coup are group sentimental, succession, economic, government decision, and heretical sect. The goals of the coup are stabilization, reformation, and revolution."