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"ABSTRAKThrowing the rascal out,is one of the bedrock principles in modern democracy. The idea of accountability is thus realized by replacing under-performed politicians by qualified ones. However, its often found that citizen fails to identify the real rascal as well as non-performance issues carries more weight in citizens voting choices in election. In Taiwan, the demand for accountable governance is even more pressing as Taiwan has entered a new phrase of democratic consolidation. This paper focuses on the event of gas blast in Kaohsiung City in 2014 as a case study of the association between political accountability and voters choice in the year end election for city mayor. Special attention is paid to citizens perception affects citizens vote choice in mayoral election. Based on the analyses of post-election survey, this paper concludes that, in addition to the conventional factors such as party identification and approval rating, citizens perception of reponsibility attribution and evaluation of governments responses toward the event also play significant roles in election. It also show that, comparing to the long term psychological or ambiguous approval factors, the gas blast event as a case study of political accountability is more able to examine the electoral impact of political accountability is more able to examine the electoral impact of political accountability. In the last part of this paper, a brief concluding remarks and the suggestions of studying political accountability in Taiwan will be provided. "

"ABSTRAKWorld War II, the political system of Japan was characterized by the dominance of Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in past several decades. Therefore, LDP, which has accumulated abundant of assets and developed a close and extensive relationship with business complex, has been won elections under competitive campaigns. This result aroused the accusation for unfair competition among political parties. However, the implementation of Political Parties Law (PPL) would like to influence the freedom of party politics, people's thought and assembly and association. This article tries to explore the purpose and motivation of making the Political Parties Law in Japan through perspective of comparative politics. Through analyzing the version of PPL proposed by political parties and interest groups, it reveals that the real motivation of Japanese parties is to standardize the management rules of parties and to promote the oligopoly of parties for maximizing the political power. On the other hand, interest groups are focusing on the convention and subsidies of parties. Consequently, the party politics of Japan will fall into the competition of oligarchy and bring politics as a serving role of business complex. That is, the expected effecet of PPL as a new institution is to continually promote the benefits of big parties, and interest groups tend to follow the path of market nules in their political development. Currently, the decline of Political Funds Control Acts has triggered the advocate of PPL as a good idea, but is also provides an opportunity for those actors to sponsor institutional arrangements which are favorable ther intereset, However, the implementation of PPLK will reduce the number of political parties, siden the gap between big and small parties, and raise subsidies for big parties because of the exclusion of small parties from participation."

"ABSTRAKThe Taiwan Democracy Quarterly consolidates research on Taiwan's democratization and serves as an information platform to further encourage domestic and international democracy-related research. The Quarterly aims to increase the global community?s understanding of Taiwan?s democratization experience and progress. It is published four times a year in Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter editions. Currently, the Quarterly is available only in Mandarin Chinese but an English edition will be published later this year."

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Industri besi dan baja merupakan kontributor utama emisi CO₂, terhitung sekitar 28% dari keseluruhan emisi industri. Untuk mengurangi ini, analisis terhadap pemanfaatan Blast Furnace Gas(BFG) melalui daur ulang top-gas dan Carbon Capture and Utilization(CCU) telah dilaksanakan. Pertama, CO₂dihilangkan dari BFG dan direduksi dalam reaktor elektrokimia untuk menghasilkan H₂dan CO. Gas-gas ini kemudian dicampur dengan BFG yang tersisa dan didaur ulang ke blast furnace sebagai gas pengurang yang dapat mengurangi konsumsi carbon dan emisi CO₂ secara keseluruhan. Tinjauan literatur dan keseimbangan massa awal dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi persyaratan proses dan teknologi pemisahan CO₂yang paling cocok untuk dua opsi yang tersedia: (i) pemisahan CO₂unit tunggal dan (ii) unit ganda. Setelah penyelesaian laporan ini, disimpulkan bahwa penyerapan bahan kimia menggunakan methyldiethanolamine(MDEA) adalah teknologi yang paling menjanjikan untuk digunakan dalam unit pemisahan CO₂tunggal karena ketersediaan panas limbah dan kapasitas pemuatan CO₂yang lebih tinggi. Di antara faktor-faktor yang diketahui menghambat penggunaan penyerapan fisik dan adsorpsi adalah laju aliran besar dan kesulitan untuk mengompresi dan mendinginkan BFG. Namun, teknologi ini menjanjikan untuk digunakan sebagai unit kedua dalam konfigurasi unit pemisahan ganda.

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ABSTRACT

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The iron and steel industry is a major contributor to CO₂emissions, accounting for about 28% of overall industrial emissions. To reduce this, utilization of Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) by means of top-gas recycling and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is analyzed. CO₂is first removed from the BFG and reduced in an electrochemical reactor to produce H₂and CO. These gases are then mixed with remaining BFG and recycled to the blast furnace as reducing gases which can reduce overall coke consumption and CO₂emissions. A literature review and a preliminary mass balance are done to identify the process requirements and most suitable CO₂separation technology for two available options: (i) single unit and (ii) double units CO₂ separation. Upon the completion of this report, it is concluded that chemical absorption using methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is the most promising technology to use in a single CO₂ separation unit due to the availability of waste heat and higher CO₂loading capacity. Among the factors known to hinder the use of physical absorption and adsorption are large flowrate and difficulty to compress and cool BFG. However, these technologies are promising to use as the second unit in a double separation units configuration.

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"Penelitian ini membahas karakteristik rumah tangga yang berpeluang menggunakan gas kota dengan model logit, serta membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besaran pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk gas kota dengan regresi linier. Secara nasional kecenderungan rumah tangga untuk menggunakan gas kota sebesar 0,0066 kali jika menjadi pengguna LPG, 0,0031 kali jika menjadi pengguna minyak tanah, 3,7166 jika jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang lebih besar, 1,3443 kali jika tinggal di Pulau Kalimantan dan 0,1770 kali jika tinggal di Pulau Maluku dan Papua. Berdasar kota yang memiliki jaringan gas kota, kecenderungan rumah tangga untuk menggunakan gas kota sebesar 0,0015 kali jika menjadi pengguna LPG, 0,0045 kali jika menjadi pengguna minyak tanah, 5,3126 jika jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang lebih besar, 6,6492 kali jika tinggal di Tarakan dan 0,2608 kali jika tinggal di Sidoarjo. Rumah tangga pengguna energi substitusi seperti energi listrik, LPG, kayu bakar dan arang secara negatif mempengaruhi pengeluaran untuk gas kota. Jumlah anggota keluarga mempengaruhi secara positif. Pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk gas kota dipengaruhi secara positif jika rumah tangga tinggal di pulau Maluku dan Papua, dan secara negatif jika tinggal di Pulau Nusa Tenggara. Proporsi pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk gas kota terhadap total pengeluaran energi lebih kecil 0,05 jika menjadi pengguna LPG, lebih kecil 0,06 jika menjadi pengguna kayu bakar, lebih kecil 0,06 jika menjadi pengguna arang, lebih kecil 0,08 jika menjadi pengguna BBM dan lebih besar 0,44 jika tempat tinggalnya berdinding tembok. Diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah dalam hal peningkatan persentase akses gas kota ke rumah tangga dengan meningkatkan jumlah sambungan rumah tangga khususnya Pulau Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku dan Papua karena masih di bawah rata-rata nasional.

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This study discusses the characteristics of households likely to use city gas with logit model, and discusses the factors that affect the amount of household expenditures for city gas by linear regression. The tendency of households to use city gas amounted to 0.0066 times if using LPG, 0.0031 times if using kerosene, 3.7166 if a larger household, 1.3443 times if staying on the Borneo island and 0,1770 times if staying on the island of Maluku and Papua. Based on the city which has city gas, the tendency of households to use city gas amounted to 0.0015 times if using LPG, 0.0045 times if using kerosene, 5.3126 if a larger household, 6.6492 times if staying in Tarakan and 0.2608 times if staying in Sidoarjo. The electricity, LPG, firewood and charcoal adversely affect household expenditures for city gas. The number of family members positively influence household expenditures for city gas. Household expenditure for city gas is influenced positively if households staying on the island of Maluku and Papua, and negatively if staying on the island of Nusa Tenggara. The proportion of household expenditure for city gas with the total energy expenditure decreases 0.05 if using LPG, then 0.06 decreasing if using firewood, then 0.06 decreasing if using charcoal, then 0.08 decreasing if using fuel oil, and 0.44 increasing if its house has brick walled. Government policy is required to improving access of city gas by increasing the number of household access especially in Nusa Tenggara Island, Sulawesi Island, Maluku Island, and Papua island which are still below from the national average."

"Krisis blastik pada lekemia mielositik kronik (CML) bisa berasal dari lini granulosit, monosit, eritrosit, limfoid (sel B atau sel T), dan megakariositik. Krisis blastik seri limfoid biasanya berupa sel B dengan fenotipik sel Pre-B, di mana Ig permukaan belum diekspresikan. Krisis blastik dari sel T sangat jarang didapatkan. Tujuan penelitian : mendeskripsikan gambaran fenotipik, transkrip fusi bcr-abl, dan CD3 sitoplasmik, dan terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase pada kasus-kasus CML dengan krisis blastik seri limfoid-T. Laporan kasus dari 4 kasus leukemia mielogenik kronik dengan krisis blastik sel-sel T yang dikumpulkan dalam kurun waktu 17 tahun (1987-2004). Kasus-kasus tersebut telah dilakukan pemeriksaan analisis fenotipik dan genotipik pada awal diagnosis ditegakkan. Kesemua kasus menunjukkan adanya t(9;22)(q34;q11). Sampel sel-sel mononuklear pasien yang disimpan dalam bentuk 10%DMSO diperiksa Reverse Transkripsi (RT) PCR BCR_ABL multiplex untuk mendeteksi transkrip fusi bcr-abl, PCR CD3ε untuk mendeteksi Cd3 sitoplasmik, dan PCR TdT untuk mendeteksi terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Hasil analisis antigen permukaan sel pada awal diagnosis menunjukkan 1 kasus CD7+, CD5-, dan CD2-; 1 kasus CD7+, CD5+, dan CD2-; dan 2 kasus CD7+, CD5+, dan CD2+ yang menunjukkan bahwa semua sel T krisis blastik CML berada pada stadium pre dan protimik. Dua kasus menunjukkan hasil positip untuk transkrip bcr-abl b2a2, 1 kasus positip pada e1a2, dan 1 kasus negatip. RT PCR CD3ε menunjukkan hasil positip pada semua kasus dan RT PCR TdT hanya positip pada 1 kasus. Hasil yang dikumpulkan diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar analisis lebih lanjut pada kasus CML dengan krisis blastik sel-sel T. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 184-9)

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Blast crisis (BC) transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) can involve each differentiation lineage of the hematopoietic system, i.e. granulocyte, monocyte, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, and lymphocyte lineage. The lymphoid blast crisis (BC) leukemia cells usually belong to B-lineage, commonly having the phenotype of Pre-B stage of the B-lineage, in which cell-surface immunoglobulin(sIg) is not yet expressed. In contrast, T-lineage BC of CML is extremely rare. The objective of this study is to describe the fenotype, fusion transcript of bcr-abl, TdT, and cytoplasmic CD3 in T-lineage BC CML cases. Case report study. This report shows a simple summary of 4 cases of T-lineage BC of CML which have been collected in the phenotypic and genotypic analysis study for 17 years (1987-2004). In all cases, the chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of t(9;22)(q34;q11) at presentation. Cell surface analysis were done at diagnosis. Cases’ mononuclear cells stored as 10% DMSO were retrieved to be performed reverse transcription (RT) PCR BCR-ABL multiplex to demonstrate the presence of the fusion transcript of bcr-abl. RT-PCR was also performed for detecting the expression of cytoplasmic CD3ε and terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase (TdT). The results of cell surface antigen (CSA) at presentation showed that 1 case was CD7+, CD5-, and CD2-; 1 case CD7+, CD5+, and CD2-; and 2 cases CD7+, CD5+ and CD2+ indicating that all these T-lineage BC of CML cells show the phenotype of pre-(pro-) thymic stage phenotype. In the present study, two cases showed b2a2, one e1a2, and one negative bcr-abl transcript. The RT-PCR revealed the presence of CD3ε mRNA in all cases, and TdT mRNA in only one case. These results can constitute a basis for the future analysis of T-lineage BC of CML from now on. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 184-9)"

"Penelitian ini membahas mengapa mayoritas penduduk di Indonesia beragama Islam, namun partai-partai Islam tidak pernah menang. Dari literatur sebelumnya dijelaskan peran struktur negara pada masa Orde Baru dan elit politik Islam yang tidak kredibel membuat pemilih muslim lebih memilih partai lain (partai non-Islam). Sementara dalam penelitian ini lebih melihat perilaku pemilih muslimnya. Faktor sosiologis yang meliputi ritual ibadah, keterlibatan dalam kelompok sosialkeagamaan, dan orientasi Islam politik berhubungan dengan pilihan politik muslim dan menyebabkan adanya aliran politik. Selain itu, pada faktor psikologis, adanya hubungan afeksi atau kedekatan partai dan tokoh dengan pilihan politik muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survey. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 100 pemilih muslim yang berasal dari partai politik yang berbeda. Penarikan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa faktor sosiologis yang meliputi ritual ibadah, keterlibatan dalam kelompok sosial-keagamaan, dan orientasi Islam politik memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku memilih. Sementara faktor psikologis yang meliputi afeksi partai dan afeksi tokoh tidak memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku memilih.

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This study discusses why the majority of the population in Indonesia are Muslims, but the Islamic parties have never won. From the literature previously described the role of state structures in the New Order and the political elite of Islam is not credible make Muslim voters prefer the other party, while this research is looking at the behavior of Muslim voters. Sociological factors which include the ritual of worship, involvement in socio-religious groups, and the orientation of political Islam have relationship with political choice of muslim voters and make a political cleavages in islamic societies. Moreover, in the psychological factors, including affection of parties and leader have relationship with political choice of muslim voters. This study uses a quantitative method with data collection through surveys. The number of samples is 100 Muslim voters who come from different political parties. Sampling using cluster random sampling. From the research found that the sociological factors that include rituals, involvement in socioreligious groups, and the orientation of political Islam have relationship with voting behavior. While psychological factors that include affection of party and leader have no relationship with voting behavior."

"User Experience (UX) has been employed for new product development, yet few systematic approaches have been developed. This study aims to propose a systematic approach, namely, User-experience-based design of experiments (UXDOE) to capture user response and filter design ideas to derive new product design directions. Two empirical studies were conducted with the collaboration of a world leading electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company. The derived results can support the confirmation of the target segments from the perspective of marketing and clarifying key factors. Based on UXDOE, this study investigated the influence of UX on 14 notebook prototypes and wearable product design practices. The result of empirical studies have shown practical viability of the proposed approach. This study filters design ideas of esthetics and indicates several key factors of the products that enables better understanding of UX and preferences across different segments and their evaluation toward various product concepts."