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"ABSTRAKWorld War II, the political system of Japan was characterized by the dominance of Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in past several decades. Therefore, LDP, which has accumulated abundant of assets and developed a close and extensive relationship with business complex, has been won elections under competitive campaigns. This result aroused the accusation for unfair competition among political parties. However, the implementation of Political Parties Law (PPL) would like to influence the freedom of party politics, people's thought and assembly and association. This article tries to explore the purpose and motivation of making the Political Parties Law in Japan through perspective of comparative politics. Through analyzing the version of PPL proposed by political parties and interest groups, it reveals that the real motivation of Japanese parties is to standardize the management rules of parties and to promote the oligopoly of parties for maximizing the political power. On the other hand, interest groups are focusing on the convention and subsidies of parties. Consequently, the party politics of Japan will fall into the competition of oligarchy and bring politics as a serving role of business complex. That is, the expected effecet of PPL as a new institution is to continually promote the benefits of big parties, and interest groups tend to follow the path of market nules in their political development. Currently, the decline of Political Funds Control Acts has triggered the advocate of PPL as a good idea, but is also provides an opportunity for those actors to sponsor institutional arrangements which are favorable ther intereset, However, the implementation of PPLK will reduce the number of political parties, siden the gap between big and small parties, and raise subsidies for big parties because of the exclusion of small parties from participation."

"ABSTRAKThrowing the rascal out,is one of the bedrock principles in modern democracy. The idea of accountability is thus realized by replacing under-performed politicians by qualified ones. However, its often found that citizen fails to identify the real rascal as well as non-performance issues carries more weight in citizens voting choices in election. In Taiwan, the demand for accountable governance is even more pressing as Taiwan has entered a new phrase of democratic consolidation. This paper focuses on the event of gas blast in Kaohsiung City in 2014 as a case study of the association between political accountability and voters choice in the year end election for city mayor. Special attention is paid to citizens perception affects citizens vote choice in mayoral election. Based on the analyses of post-election survey, this paper concludes that, in addition to the conventional factors such as party identification and approval rating, citizens perception of reponsibility attribution and evaluation of governments responses toward the event also play significant roles in election. It also show that, comparing to the long term psychological or ambiguous approval factors, the gas blast event as a case study of political accountability is more able to examine the electoral impact of political accountability is more able to examine the electoral impact of political accountability. In the last part of this paper, a brief concluding remarks and the suggestions of studying political accountability in Taiwan will be provided. "

"ABSTRAKThe Taiwan Democracy Quarterly consolidates research on Taiwan's democratization and serves as an information platform to further encourage domestic and international democracy-related research. The Quarterly aims to increase the global community?s understanding of Taiwan?s democratization experience and progress. It is published four times a year in Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter editions. Currently, the Quarterly is available only in Mandarin Chinese but an English edition will be published later this year."

"Penelitian ini berupaya untuk memahami agenda partai politik nasionalis dan Islam dalam menyikapi boleh tidaknya bekas anggota PKI dan organisasi massanya dan yang terlibat langsung G30S/ PKI ikut serta dalam pemilu atau mendapatkan haknya untuk dipilih. Dinamika politik yang teljadi selama pembahasan inilah yang menarik untuk diteliti.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Teori Fungsi Parpol dari Carl J. Friedrich, Teori Kekuasaan dari Weber, Teori Keterwakilan dari Miriam Budiardjo, Teori Kebijakan dan Agenda dari Dewey serta Teori Konflik dalam melihat pemilahan struktur masyarakat Indonesia dari Clifford Geertz. Dari teori-teori tersebut bisa dilihat bagaimana masing-masing partai politik yang terlibat dalam pembahasan RUU Pemilu DPR, DPD, dan DPRD ini memainkan peran, fungsi, maupun agenda politiknya guna memperoleh kekuasaan dan menambah jumlah keterwakilannya di parlemen. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan lebih menekankan pada analisis penulis terhadap data dan referensi yang diperoleh melalui wawancara.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya agenda politik yang dimainkan oleh semua partai politik baik yang berlatar belakang ideologi nasionalis maupun Islam. Agenda politik itu menyangkut potensi tambahan perolehan suara yang dapat diperoleh PDI Perjuangan jika usulannya untuk menghapus salah satu aturan RUU Pemilu DPR, DPD, dan DPRD ini disetujui. Butir aturan yang dimaksud adalah pasal yang mengatur persyaratan calon anggota legislatif yang berbunyi:Bukan bekas anggota organisasi terlarang Partai Komunis Indonesia, termasuk organisasi massanya, atau bukan orang yang terlibat langsung ataupun tak langsung dalam "G30S/ PKI " atau organisasi terlarang Iainnya.Pencantuman syarat itulah yang kemudian ditentang oleh Fraksi PDI Perjuangan meski ditentang oleh fraksi-fraksi lain. Harus diakui, semua partai politik yang terlibat dalam penyusunan RUU tentang Pemilihan Umum DPR, memainkan agenda kepentingannya masing-masing. Latar belakang kesamaan ideologi, agama, kesamaan plat form, atau kedekatan besaran perolehan jumlah kursi masing-masing partai politik sangat kental mewarnai kesepakatan-kesepakatan substansi yang dibahas dalam RUU Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD.Terkait dengan implikasi teori dalam penelitian ini, maka semua teori yang digunakan sebagai alat analisis dikuatkan atau confirm dengan temuan di lapangan...

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This research aims to understand the agenda of nationalist and Islamic political parties in facing the issue of ex-communist party member and other its mass organisation to involve in election or get back their right to be chosen. The dynamic of the issue is interesting to explore.

Theories applies in the research are theory of function of political party from Carl Friedrich, theory of power from Webber, theory of representation from Miriam Budiardjo, theory of policy and agenda from Dewey, and theory of conflict to identify the structure of Indonesian society from Clifford Geertz. From those theories it can be seen that each parties involved in the coditication of the law of election for DPR, DPD and DPRD play their own role, function, or also political agenda to get more power and increase their numbers in the parliament. This research applies qualitative research method and emphasizes on analysis of data and reference from interview.

The result shows that there is political agenda played by all nationalist or Islamic political parties. The political agenda relates to the raise of voters gained by PDI for Struggle if their proposal to avoid one of the article in the law. The article arranges the requirements of candidates of legislative member as, They are not ex-member of prohibited organisation that is Indonesian Communist Party, or not directly or indirectly involve with the tragedy of G30S/PKI or other prohibited organisations.

The insertion of that requirement is opposed by PDI for struggle; however its position is also opposed by other parties. In fact, all political parties involved in the codification of the law play their own political agenda. The background of ideology, religion, platform, or their representation in the parliament influences the substantial agreements in the codification. Relate to the implication of theories mentioned above, all of the theories applied in the research relevant with the fact found in the research...."