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"Ppenelitian kami bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penghematan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini ingin meneliti apakah penghematan adalah solusi dari krisis minyak saat ini di Aljazair atau tidak. Untuk mencpai tujuan ini, kami menggunakan model Non Linear Autoregressive Lag (NARDL) untuk menggambarkan perubahan negatif dan positif dalam tindakan penghematan dan pengaruhnya terhadap produk domestik bruto. Temuan estimasi kami menetapkan bahwa tidak ada pemotongan pajak yang meningkat atau pengurangan pengeluaran merupakan solusi untuk krisis, yang menegaskan secara empiris apa yang disetujui para ahli keynesian. Oleh karena itu, pihak berwenang Aljazair harus segera mencari solousi lain daripada kebijakan penghematan."

"The quality of education in Indonesia has not improved even though poverty rate has fallen. As education accelerates economic growth and productivity, improvement in education, especially in early childhood education is a must. Not only determines macroeconomics indicators, but education also determines microeconomics indicators such as people’s income. As education needs tuition fee, family socio-backgrounds such as parents’ employment and residential also affect people’s income. This study aims to examine the impact of education, and family social background on people’s income using IFLS 5 data with ordinary least squared regression. The result show that education and family socio-background have great impact on children’s future income. The return from the interaction between early education and tertiary education is significantly higher than the returns from primary and secondary level. Individual who live in urban area, come from mixed-ethnicity family, and has parent who worked as employee tends to have higher income. Based on that result, parents should encourage and support their children to take complete education, from early childhood education to higher education and pay attention to their social-economics condition. People should enroll their kids in early childhood education and escalate their education level. Government should also intensify some programs such as PIP, Bidikmisi, employment policy, and transmigration to optimize the impact of education and social factor on their citizens’ income."

"Indonesia is a developing country that is vigorously seeking to boost its economic growth. One of the nine programs to encourage national development is to improve the quality of civil servants, to strengthen the capacity for policy design and implementation in ministries and institutions, and hence to improve public service delivery. Some researchers argue that many developing countries have attempted to improve civil service training but only a few have succeeded to make significant contributions to strengthening their institutions. A group of researchers has identified ten factors that they regard as critical for training management effectiveness which have been applied in the Singapore civil service training institutions. The researchers suggest that the same factors may be important for developing countries. This study attempts to evaluate the potential application of the ten critical factors affecting training management effectiveness for Indonesian civil service training institutions. To do this, the thesis presents a comparative analysis of training management in Indonesia and Singapore. In this ‘lens’ of comparison, the Singapore model is used as a framework to understand the training management model in Indonesia. Based on the findings, nine out of ten factors could be implemented in the Indonesian model. However, factors related to the political context are likely to be challenging, as the political environment in the developed and developing countries are somewhat different."

"This study aims to analyse the effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population toward unemployment in the D-8 Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period, 1991 to 2020. The quantitative approach uses techniques analysis of panel data regression. The study result shows a significant simultaneous effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population on unemployment of D-8 OIC member countries. While partially, trade openness has a significant positive effect on unemployment, wages, economic growth, and inflation have a significant negative relationship with unemployment. The population has a significant positive effect on unemployment. Overall, the result implies that each OIC member country should promote an effective and strategic plan to enhance the demand for labour and employment. Furthermore, professional courses and vocational training should be initiated to fulfil the growing demand for skilled labour."

"Pertumbuhan ekonomi sangat penting baik bagi negara berkembang maupun bagi negara maju. Ketika pertumbuhan ekonomi pada suatu negara mengalami peningkatan, maka kesejahteraan masyarakat juga akan semakin meningkat sehingga ketimpangan dan kemiskinan akan semakin berkurang. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diiringi oleh meningkatnya ketimpangan dan kemiskinan berarti bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut hanya dinikmati oleh sebagian kelompok masyarakat karena hanya mementingkatn pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Oleh karena itu, hal ini memerlukan arah kebijakan baru dari pemerintah yang dapat mengurangi tingkat ketimpangan dan kemiskinan seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal ini disebut sebagai pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan belanja daerah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Indonesia dengan data sekunder dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia dari tahun 2011-2021. Jika dapat dibuktikan bahwa variabel belanja daerah berupa rasio belanja modal dan rasio belanja bantuan sosial memiliki hubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan percepatan inklusivitas pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat menurunkan tingkat ketimpangan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui hubungan belanja daerah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif, digunakan analisis data panel statis yaitu model fixed effect karena dapat mengurangi bias dibandingkan dengan model data panel yang lain, terutama bias yang disebabkan oleh variabel yang sifatnya unobservable time invariant. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa belanja daerah berupa belanja modal dan belanja bantuan sosial memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Indonesia.­ Belanja modal memiliki hubungan negatif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif, sementara belanja bantuan sosial memiliki hubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif.

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Economic growth is very important for both developing and developed countries. When economic growth in a country increases, social welfare will also increase so that inequality and poverty will decrease. Economic growth accompanied by increasing inequality and poverty means that this economic growth is only enjoyed by some groups of people because it only increases economic growth based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, this requires a new policy direction from the government that can reduce the level of inequality and poverty along with increasing economic growth. This is referred to as inclusive economic growth. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between regional spending and inclusive economic growth in Indonesia with secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2011-2021. If it can be proven that regional expenditure variables in the form of capital expenditure ratio and social assistance expenditure ratio have a positive relationship with inclusive economic growth, it can be concluded that accelerating economic growth inclusiveness can reduce inequality and poverty levels in Indonesia. To find out the relationship between regional spending and inclusive economic growth, static panel data analysis is used, namely the fixed effect model because it can reduce bias compared to other panel data models, especially bias caused by variables that are unobservable time invariant. The results of the analysis of this study explain that regional expenditures in the form of capital expenditures and social assistance expenditures have a significant influence on inclusive economic growth in Indonesia. Capital spending has a negative relationship with inclusive economic growth, while social assistance spending has a positive relationship with inclusive economic growth."

"Pasar perumahan memainkan peran utama terhadap perekonomian suatu negara karena berkorelasi erat dengan belanja konsumen. Perumahan merupakan sektor penting bagi perekonomian namun karena strukturnya juga merupakan sumber kerentanan dan krisis. Selama bertahun-tahun Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan harga perumahan yang signifikan seiring dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terus berlanjut di negara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi gelembung harga perumahan di 10 kota besar di Indonesia dan mengetahui pada periode berapa gelembung tersebut ada dengan menggunakan metode PSY (2015) GSADF dan SADF serta mengetahui apakah ada efek limpahan antara kota-kota tersebut. yang memiliki kehadiran gelembung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di antara 10 kota tersebut hanya 8 kota yang mengalami bubble dan dengan menggunakan model regresi data panel penulis menemukan bahwa variabel makroekonomi PDRB, Inflasi, dan suku bunga signifikan secara statistik terhadap harga rumah. Apalagi spillover effect lebih banyak disebabkan oleh Jabodebek-Banten, yang menunjukkan bahwa harga rumah di kota tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi pergerakan kota lainnya. Kesimpulannya, dengan sebagian besar kota menampilkan gelembung perumahan, dampaknya terhadap keterjangkauan menyiratkan bahwa sulit bagi warga negara Indonesia untuk membeli perumahan yang layak karena harganya juga merambah ke daerah lain.

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The housing market plays a major role towards a nation’s economy since it is closely correlated to consumer spending. Housing is an essential sector for the economy however due to its structure it is also a source of vulnerabilities and crises. Over the years Indonesia showed a significant increase in housing prices as the increase in economic growth continues for the country. The purpose of this research is to detect housing price bubbles in 10 major cities of Indonesia and find out at which period these bubbles exist by using PSY (2015) method of GSADF and SADF as well as knowing if there is a spillover effect between this cities that has the presence of bubbles. The result showed that amongst the 10 cities only 8 had the presence of a bubble and by using panel data regression model the author found that the macroeconomic variable of GRDP, Inflation, and interest rate is statistically significant to housing prices. Moreover the spillover effect was mostly caused by Jabodebek-Banten, indicating that the housing price of that city can be used to forecast the movement of the others. To conclude, with majority of the cities displaying housing bubbles the impact it has to affordability implies that it is difficult for Indonesian citizens to afford adequate housing as the prices also spillover to other areas."

"Recent research on the role of institutions in economic development and poverty reduction indicates the importance of institutions, including local institutions. This study examines the importance of institutions as a means to support poverty alleviation policy in Indonesia. Specifically, it addresses two simple but very important policy-questions. First, how important is economic growth for poverty reduction in Indonesia? Second, how important are institutions in determining the poverty performance of economic growth? Though data, especially time series data, are limited, and some estimated regression coefficients are found to be not significant, overall, the findings suggest that improved institutions reflected by higher education enrolment; good health facilities, especially clinics, women empowerment; credit facilities, government development expenditures and cooperatives at the local/village level are all important for poverty reduction."

"The phenomenon of rapid economic growth has caused a rise in energy consumption in Jakarta, including a rise in the need for electricity. To supply the population’s needs, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), Indonesia’s state-owned electricity company has a plan to build an additional power plant; the energy industry in Indonesia is currently dominated by coal-based power plants. However, this mega project will have an impact on Jakarta’s economy (gross domestic regional product, GDRP) and the CO2 emissions will have an effect as a result of the social cost of carbon because the coal-fired power plant has the highest emission rate compared with other power-plant types. Through the system-dynamics (SD) approach, this study aimed to examine several alternative policy scenarios and determine the best options that can be applied by the Jakarta government to ensure the success of electricity production, which can help to grow Jakarta’s economy and minimize the effects of CO2 emissions simultaneously. Three policies were simulated in the model: business as usual (BAU), a green policy, and a good economic policy. The results of simulation show that each scenario has its own advantages and disadvantages to achieve government target. This study reveals that using combination of green and economic policy is highly recommended to help Jakarta’s growth sustainably."

"ABSTRAK

Kegiatan berwirausaha dapat tervisualisasi dari terbentuknya start-up atau bisnis baru-kecil. Risiko kegagalan menjadi salah satu alasan rendahnya jumlah pengusaha startup di Indonesia dimana masyarakat cenderung menghindari  risiko dan memilih profesi yang lebih stabil ketimbang menjadi pengusaha (Cooney, 2012). Kegagalan dalam berusaha sering dipengaruhi oleh ketidakmampuan pebisnis dalam menciptakan pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan, membuat arah strategis yang kuat, dan merumuskan strategi untuk terus menjadi relevan di dunia bisnis.

Studi ini menekankan pada bagaimana bisnis baru mampu menyusun strategi untuk terus bertumbuh serta mengimplementasikannya dalam target dan kegiatan bisnis. Studi ini juga menekankan pada logika penting dan nilai-nilai yang mendasari pengambilan keputusan. Oleh karena itu, interpretasi tentang bagaimana strategi pertumbuhan yang tergabung dalam konteks start-up menjadi penting.

Pendekatan kualitatif dipilih untuk mempelajari bagaimana faktor yang mempengaruhi strategi bertumbuh terhadap kinerja start-up/usaha kecil. Studi kasus dilakukan kepada 27 startup dalam bentuk wawancara semi-terstruktur yang didukung oleh data sekunder sebagai pelengkap. Klasifikasi Start-up oleh Start-up Genome Report (2014) dan Tahap Blank-Marmer digunakan dalam rangka untuk memahami lebih dalam perilaku setiap start-up dalam strategi pertumbuhan menggabungkan.

Pengertian strategi dalam kacamata startup dipandang sebagai gabungan antara perencanaan dan pendekatan. Semua partisipan menunjukkan implementasi strategi dengan fleksibilitas tinggi.

Studi ini menunjukkan terdapat beberapa faktor positif yang mempengaruhi perumusan strategi. Orientasi entrepreneurial serta pandangan manajerial atas pertumbuhan organisasi juga berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan strategi bertumbuh terutama dalam mendukung visi sang pendiri serta kesempatan dalam mencari peluang sebagai salah satu faktor internal Perusahaan.

Melalui wawancara, terindikasi bahwa akses ke sumber daya keuangan, manusia dan social cukup berpengaruh pada Perusahaan merumuskan strategi. Namun, tidak seperti wiklund, kondisi lingkungan bisnis terlihat belum terlalu berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan strategi bertumbuh.

Peta strategi produk-pasar milik Ansoff dianggap cukup mewakili klasifikasi strategi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan startup. Sayangnya, Penetrasi pasar dalam studi ini belum mampu menunjukkan perbedaan atas strategi yang dipilih dalam bertumbuh.

Temuan lain memperlihatkan bahwa pengalaman strategis mampu memberikan pertimbangan tambahan bagi startup dalam memilih strategi bertumbuh. Pertimbangan positif juga ditemukan bahwa kolaborasi dapat menjadi pilihan para startup dalam rangka membangun pertumbuhan strategis dan lebih berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: Startup, Strategi Bertumbuh, Peta Strategi, New-Small Business, Aksi Berwirausaha

 

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ABSTRACT

The interest over entrepreneurship is manifested in start-ups or new-small businesses, but the number of startup entrepreneur is still low. One of many reasons for that is the risk of failures. People tend to adverse risk and come to more stability profession. These failures then become motivational factors and the need of management capability that role as internal barrier (Cooney, 2012) for being an entrepreneur. These failure often affected by their incapability of creating sustainable growth, making strong direction, and formulating strategies in order to continue being relevant.

This study emphasize on how newly-business would be able to encompass their strategies to grow, iterate them into business targets and activities, and what the essential logic and values that enable them to do so . Thus it will create an interpretation on how growth strategies are incorporated in start-up context.

Qualitative approach is selected in order to study how growth strategies affecting how start-up/small-new business perform. The approach is performed in multiple case studies including 27 startup/new-small businesses in semi-structured interviews supported by complement data from various secondary sources. Classification of Start-up by Start-up Genome Report (2014) and Blank-Marmer Phase are implemented in order to understanding more deeply behavior between one company to the other in incorporate growth strategies.

The study indicates that some of the firms in the strategy positively use emergent approach in strategy formulation, while the other combined between planning and emergent approach. All of the firms adapt the high-level of flexibility over implementation and formal strategies. This approach help some of the firms to made clear into steps taken by them to explore their entrepreneurial behavior in opportunity seeking behavior while maintained their sustainable source of advantages.

Through the interview, it is found that different elements affected the fabrication of growth strategies. External environment, access to financial, human and social resources is quite affected on how firms formulate strategies. Other factors that proposed internally affected the process such as entrepreneurial orientation and the owner-manager orientation towards growth are also affected the process of growth strategies manufacturing.

There also findings that Ansoff strategy map able to classify growth strategy taken by the participant. Another finding is that strategic experience does give the firms more consideration in selecting strategies. It also will be a positive consideration for new-small business should consider collaboration in order to expand their own capabilities and cooperate with externals as strategic steps to obtained more sustainable growth.

 

 

 

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