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"This articles examines the position of Chinese photographers in the visual colonial landscapes. The Chinese toekang potret were involed in both commissioned photographs and the production of commercial imgaes, but the latter was lesswidespread. Contratry to the image that Chinese photographers client wew from the lower strata of society, this article shosw the they were commissioned by the European, Chinese and Javanese elite. The image materiality of the portrats reveals the visual traces of circulation and exchange. Hence, the Chinese photographers were indirectly involved in these elite networks as well."

"本书内容包括：汉字和汉语、汉字的起源与发展、汉字与中国文化、汉字很科学、汉字很易学。"

"This Essay critically examines the kai ba lidai Shinji (Annals of Batavia), a Chinese History of Batavia Which was written by an anonymous Chinese author around 1794 as part of the rather large corpus of Chinese community of Batavia/Jakarta. A short intoducition about earlier authors who have dealt with the text is followed by cimments in the composition, structure and historical value of this unique urban hitory."