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"Internationalist socialism and ethnic nationalism are usually thought of as polar opposites. But for the millions of men and women who made Social Democracy into twentieth century Europes most potent political force, they were often mutually reinforcing. This book explains this apparent paradox by looking at the history of the Social Democratic workers movement in Habsburg Austria, which was built on the mobilization of German and Czech workers in the Empires rapidly industrializing regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Lower Austria. Jakub Benes takes the history of socialism out of the realm of theoretical and parliamentary debates and into the streets, city squares, pubs, and clubs of a vibrant but precarious multiethnic society. He reveals how ordinary workers became increasingly nationalist as they came to believe that they were the genuine representatives of their ethnically defined national communities. Their successful campaign to democratize parliamentary elections in 1905. It also split Social Democracy apart by 1911. Then, during the First World War, many Czech and German workers embraced revolutionary radicalism, alienating them from the regime friendly socialist leadership. Benes is study is the first to show the profound connection between major political events and the rich culture of the Austrian workers movement, revealing this cultures utopian and quasi-religious tendencies as well as its left-wing populist nationalism. Based on research in eight archives and numerous libraries in Prague, Vienna, and Brno, this book fundamentally rethinks the relationship between socialism, nationalism, and democracy in modern Europe."

"Sejak perang dunia II Jerman menerapkan konsep Pasar Ekonomi Sosial .Tujuannya adalah untuk mengambil manfaat berupa efisiensi dari sistem Pasar Ekonomi Liberal yang memberikan kebebasan kepada masing-masing individu .Secara prisip ,konsepnya berlandaskan kesetaraan dalam hal kesempatan untuk hidup serta perlindungan terhadap politik, sipil , ekonomi budaya dan sosial masyarakat. Untuk itu dibutuhkan peran serta aktif pemerintah. Di sisi lain, sistem Ekonomi Pasar Bebas lebih mementingkan perlindungan individu yang disertai dengan peran serta pemerintah yang minimal dan kebebasan pasar.Paradigma antara paham Pasar Bebas dan Pasar Ekonomi Sosial tidak hanya menjadi diskusi dan perdebatab hangat oleh masyarakat internasional di era globalisasi ini, bahkan di Jerman sendiri yang menjalankan konsep Pasar Ekonomi Sosial. Tulisan ini membahas tentang model Pasar Ekonomi Sosial yang dijalan di Jerman. Pertama-tama -di paparkan konsep dasar yang berlandaskan hak asasi dan keadilan serta perkembangannya selama ini. Selanjutnya dijabrkan peran pemerintah beserta instrumen-instrumennya. Agar mudah di pahami,konsep ini oleh dibandingkan dengan konsep Ekonomi Pasar Bebas.Pembahsan berikutnya ,dikupas tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi oleh konsep ini. Pada penutup tulisan,penulis mempertanyakan apakah sistem ekonomi yanh dijalankan saat ini di Jerman masih cocok dan relevan serta menjadi pilihan tepat dalam era perekonomian sekarang ini?"