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"The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, severity, mechanism, andintrinsic risk factors for knee injuries in Japanese collegiate rugby union players. Initially,119 rugby union players from one university club were registered in this prospective cohortstudy. The occurrence of knee injuries was recorded by a team doctor and athletic trainers dur-ing the 2009-2012 playing seasons. The number of knee injuries recorded during these four seasons was 64. The incidence of knee injuries was significantly higher during matches 10.5 injuries/1000 player hours [ph]) than that during training 0.3 injuries/1000 ph). The most common match injury was the medial collateral ligament injury (4.4 injuries/1000 ph). The greatest severity and burden were observed for anterior cruciate ligament injuries (severity: 182.5 days, burden: 310.3 days/1000 ph). A majority of knee injuries were sustained during ruck/maul (26.6%) and step/cutting (20.3%). In addition, a history of injury (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.3-8.4, p = 0.01) and rugby experience (<10 years, OR: 2.4, 95% Cl: 1.1-5.7, p = 0.03) were considered as intrinsic risk factors for knee injuries. Although the total incidence of knee injuries in collegiate rugby union players was similar to that at a professional level, knee ligament injuries had a higher incidence and severity among college players. Injuries frequently occurred in ruck/maul for forward (FW) players and in step/cutting and being tackled position for back (BK) players. In this game, the risk of knee injury is high, and it varies for each field position, so preventive measures according to field position characteristics are necessary."

"Latar Belakang. Lari menjadi aktivitas fisik yang semakin populer di kalangan masyarakat, namun memiliki risiko cedera, terutama cedera lutut yang mencapai 31% dari total cedera ekstremitas bawah. Dynamic Knee Valgus (DKV) adalah pergerakan lutut ke arah medial yang berlebihan, menunjukkan ketidakmampuan tubuh mempertahankan keselarasan lutut saat aktivitas weight bearing, dan dianggap sebagai faktor risiko cedera lutut. Studi ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara DKV dan cedera lutut pada pelari rekreasional jarak jauh. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan pemeriksaan single leg squat (SLS) untuk mengidentifikasi DKV, serta menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan informasi karakteristik pelari dan riwayat cedera lutut terkait lari. Subjek yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pelari rekreasional usia 18-60 tahun yang berlari minimal 10 km/minggu dan pernah mengikuti kompetisi lari maksimal 21 km. Hasil. Penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara DKV dengan cedera lutut terkait lari pada pelari rekreasional jarak jauh. Data dalam penelitian ini membuktikan terdapat lebih dari separuh pelari memiliki DKV. Kesimpulan. Hubungan DKV dengan cedera lutut terkait lari tidak terbukti dalam penelitian ini, namun banyaknya kejadian DKV pada pelari rekreasional perlu mendapat perhatian lebih lanjut, terutama dalam tatalaksana latihan kekuatan kelompok otot-otot pinggul secara rutin pada pelari.

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Background. Running has become an increasingly popular physical activity, but it carries a risk of injury, particularly knee injuries, which account for 31% of all lower extremity injuries. Dynamic Knee Valgus (DKV) is an excessive medial movement of the knee, indicating the body's inability to maintain proper knee alignment during weight-bearing activities, and is considered a risk factor for knee injuries. This study explores the relationship between DKV and knee injuries in recreational long-distance runners.. Methods. This cross-sectional study used the single leg squat (SLS) test to identify DKV and questionnaires to gather information on runners' characteristics and history of running-related knee injuries. The subjects were recreational runners aged 18-60 years, running at least 10 km per week, and having participated in races up to 21 km. Results. The study found no statistically significant relationship between DKV and running-related knee injuries in recreational runners. However, more than half of the runners showed signs of DKV. Conclusion. The relationship between DKV and knee injuries was not confirmed in this study. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of DKV among recreational runners requires further attention, particularly in the regular strengthening of hip muscles."

"Presents concise definitions, pronunciations, abbreviations, some illustrations, usage examples, and synonyms with ten thousand new words and meanings."

"Buku yang berjudul "Sports injuries" ini ditulis oleh Patrick Milroy. Buku ini membahas tentang pencegahan luka, klasifikasi luka, dan luka yang diakibatkan oleh olahraga."