Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The 2008 global financial and economic crisis led to a significant increase in unemployment rates in most developed economies, yet despite the rising supply of labor, a high share of employers claim that they cannot find the right talent and skills. Concerns that economic restructuring and changing skill needs associated with new technologies and workplace organization practices will not be met by an adequately skilled workforce, has placed the issue of skill mismatch the incongruence between skill supply and skill demand high up in the policy agenda. This volume contains eleven original research articles which deal with the linkages between education and skills and the causes and consequences of different types of skill mismatch. Topics include the way graduate jobs can be defined, the labor market decisions and outcomes of graduates, the determinants of the overeducation wage penalty, the determinants and consequences of underskilling, the wage return of skills, the impact of skill mismatch on aggregate productivity, and the role of work-related training and job complexity on skill development. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa kejadian qualification mismatch dan pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Dengan memanfaatkan SAKERNAS 2018, kejadian qualification mismatch diidentifikasi menggunakan metode normatif. Vertical mismatch didapat dengan membandingkan tingkat pendidikan dan KBJI 1 digit, sedangkan horizontal mismatch membandingkan 3 digit ISCED-F dan KBJI 3 digit. Pada tahun 2018, persentase kejadian undereducation sebesar 4.6% dan overeducation sebesar 27.9%. Sedangkan kejadian field of study mismatch terjadi pada 68.4% tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Pengaruh qualification mismatch baik undereducation, overeducation, dan field of study mismatch terhadap pendapatan tenaga kerja diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode ordinary least square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat income premium pada tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation sebesar 5.46%-6.54%. Tenaga kerja yang mengalami overeducation mendapatkan income penalty sebesar 6.72%-8.06% sedangkan yang mengalami field of study mismatch sebesar 6.37%-7.36%. Namun, pengaruh qualification mismatch tersebut membesar pada pendapatan tenaga kerja pada kelompok lulusan pendidikan vokasi serta sektor manufaktur.

---

This study aims to examine qualification mismatch incidence and its effect on labor earnings in Indonesia. Indonesia`s labor force structure shows that the largest proportion of the labor force is high scholl graduates. Thus, it is necessary to investigate qualification mismatch effects on labor income with a minimum qualification of senior high school. Using SAKERNAS 2018, the number of qualification mismatch incidence is calculated using normative method. In 2018, undereducation incidence was 4.6% and overeducation was 27.9%. While the field of study mismatch occurred in 68.4% of the labor force in Indonesia. The effect of qualification mismatch on labor income is estimated using ordinary least square method. The results show that there is income premium for undereducated labor. Overeducated labor get 6.72%-8.06% income penalty, while those who experience a field of study mismatch suffered 6.37%-7.36%. However, the wage effect of the qualification mismatch has widened for labor from vocational education graduates and manufacturing sectors."

"This highly accessible book illustrates how policy makers can address and nurture the effects of growing ethnic diversity in European labor markets."

"Optimalisasi penggunaan teknologi berperan dalam industri manufaktur agar mampu mencapai potensi produktifitas yang penuh di era ekonomi digital. Adanya transformasi teknologi digital ini dapat memberikan kontribusi besar pada struktur pendapatan pekerja industri manufaktur. Sementara itu, industri manufaktur yang merupakan leading sector perekonomian nasional dalam kurun waktu 2014 hingga 2018. Namun didominasi dengan pekerja berkarakteristik vertical mismatch (ketidaksesuaian antara tingkat pendidikan dengan jenis pekerjaan) yakni diatas 90 persen dan Indonesia menempati posisi tertinggi diantara negara Asia Pasifik lainnya untuk proporsi pekerja vertical mismatch. Resiko tenaga kerja yang berkarakteristik vertical mismatch, khususnya bagi pekerja overqualified adalah upah di bawah standar yang dikarenakan investasi mereka pada tingkat pendidikan tidak dipakai secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh teknologi digital dan vertical mismatch terhadap pendapatan pekerja industri manufaktur di Indoensia menggunakan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Agustus 2019. Hasil regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa teknologi digital dan vertical mismatch berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Pekerja underqualified cenderung memperoleh pendapatan lebih besar dibandingkan mereka yang tergolong well-matched sedangkan pekerja overqualified akan dihadapkan dengan wage penalthy atau upah yang rendah. Adanya kemampuan menguasai teknologi digital seperti komputer, smartphone, dan teknologi digital lainnya mampu menambah pendapatan pekerja vertical mismatch dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi.

---

Optimizing the use of technology has a role in the manufacturing industry in order to be able to reach its full productivity potential at this digital economy era. The existence of this digital technology transformation impacts on a major contribution toward income structure of manufacturing industry labors. Meanwhile, the manufacturing industry was the leading sector of the national economy from 2014 to 2018. However, it is dominated by workers with vertical mismatch characteristics (the mismatch between the level of education and the type of work) which is above 90 percent. Furthermore, Indonesia occupied the highest position among other Asia Pacific countries in terms of vertical mismatch worker proportion. The risk of labor which is characterized by a vertical mismatch, especially for overqualified workers, is wages that are below standard because their investment in education level is not used optimally. This research aims to study the effect of digital technology and vertical mismatch on the income of manufacturing industry labors in Indonesia using data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2019. The results of multiple linear regression indicate that digital technology and vertical mismatch have a significant effect on income. Underqualified labors tend to earn more than those who are classified as well-matched, while overqualified labors will be faced with wage penalthy or low wages. The ability to master digital technology such as computers, smartphones and other digital technologies is able to increase the income of vertical mismatch labors with a higher tendency."

"ABSTRAKSaat ini kondisi pengemudi ojek daring di Indonesia mengalamai eksploitasi oleh perusahaan dalam bentuk target pencapaian, tarif,dan waktu kerja fleksibel--sehingga tidak memiliki proteksi berupa jaminan kesehatan, pendidikan, dan lainnya. Kondisi ini menyebabkan pengemudi ojek daring belum memiliki status pekerjaan yang jelas. Upaya pengorganisasian secara otonom yang bersifat informal dipilih sebagai siasat sekaligus adaptasi untuk memproteksi dari resiko pekerjaannya. Studi-studi terdahulu berpandangan bahwa pengemudi ojek daring sebagian memilih ikut dalam situs daring, sementara yang lainnya dibentuk berdasarkan bantuan dari elemen masyarakat sipil. Berbeda dengan studi terdahulu, artikel ini melihat proses adaptasi pengemudi ojek daring dalam komunitas dan serikat buruh dalam memperjuangkan hak pengemudi kepada perusahaan dan pemerintahan. Aktivitas tersebut merupakan sebuah cara dari lembaga informal dan formal menyesuaikan norma baru dalam sebuah kerangka institusi. Penelitian ini berpendapat terdapat dua usaha yang dilakukan pengemudi ojek daring yakni mewujudkan komunitas dan ikut organisasi perburuhan. Dengan mengikuti komunitas dan serikat buruh, tercipta sebuah mekanisme yang digunakan untuk menyesuaikan dengan kondisi institusional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengemudi ojek daring yang sudah setahun bekerja atau lebih. Lokasi penelitian ini terbatas di daerah Jakarta Timur dengan dua kelompok wadah komunitas di Jakarta Timur serta serikat buruh SPDT FSPMI.

---

ABSTRACTCurrently online motorcycle taxi drivers are exploited by companies in the form of achievement targets, rates, and flexible work times. Online motorcycle taxi drivers have no protection from companies in the form of health insurance, education and others. This condition causes online motorcycle taxi drivers not to have clear employment status. Organizing efforts are autonomously chosen as a tactic to protect the risk of their work. Previous studies held that online motorbike drivers partially opted for online sites while others were formed based on the involvement of civil society. In contrast to the foregoing, this study looks more at the adaptation process for online motorcycle taxi drivers in communities and trade unions to fight for the rights of drivers to companies and governments. This activity is a way of informal and formal institutions adjusting new norms in an institutional framework. This study argues that there are two attempts by online motorcycle taxi drivers to realize the community and join labor organizations. By following communities and trade unions, a mechanism is created that is used to adapt to institutional conditions. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview data collection techniques. The subjects of this study were online motorcycle taxi drivers who had worked a year or more. The location of this study is limited to the East Jakarta area with two community groups in East Jakarta and the FSPMI SPDT trade union."