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"This book offers a critical perspective from which toobserve evolution of the Euro Area and the European Union in these times ofgrowing economic and political conflict."

"Krisis Zona Eropa yang terjadi pada tahun 2009 membawa berbagai dampak terhadap negara-negara anggotanya. Salah satu hal yang terlihat setelah terjadinya krisis adalah peningkatan sentimen anti Uni Eropa yang semakin jelas terlihat dan biasa disebut sebagai Euroskepticism. Dalam tinjauan literatur terhadap 16 tulisan ini, akan dilakukan pengelompokan argumen dalam literatur krisis zona euro berdasarkan tiga kategori: penyebab, dampak, dan preskripsi. Setelah itu, dua dari tiga kategori tersebut penyebab dan preskripsi ditinjau lebih dalam lagi untuk dipetakan sikapnya terhadap eksistensi Uni Eropa, serta prinsip-prinsip dan perjanjian yang ada di dalamnya, di mana akan ada dua ragam utama, yakni: golongan pro Uni Eropa dan golongan yang skeptis terhadap Uni Eropa. Tinjauan pustaka ini diharap dapat memperkaya khazanah kajian kawasan Uni Eropa, serta memudahkan pembacanya untuk lebih dapat memahami mengenai krisis zona euro dan juga Euroskepticism.

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Eurozone Crisis which occurred in 2009 brought about various effects to its member countries. One of the most observable things after the crisis happened is the increase of anti European Union sentiments, a widely adopted view known as Euroskepticism. In this literature review to 16 scholarly writings, the arguments in the Eurozone Crisis literature are classified into three different categories causes, effects, and prescriptions. After that, two out of those three categories effects and prescriptions in the literature will be analyzed deeper and classified into two categories pro European Union and skeptical towards European Union. This literature review serves to enrich the regional study of European Union, as well as making the readers understand Eurozone Crisis and Euroskepticism better."

"The European Union (EU) has signed a co-operation agreement with Indonesia in form of an economic relation since the beginning of the 1980s. comparing to other co-operations is this agreement in the lowest level of economic relations without any preferential treatment in trade except for the common Generalized system of Preferences (GSP). Under the agreement like this, Indonesia doesn't receive and enjoy special treatments and facilities like the other countries grouping such as African, Caribia and Pacific (ACP) countries."

"Krisis euro yang terjadi sejak tahun 2009 mengindikasikan adanya masalah dalam pelaksanaan peraturan European Monetary Union (EMU) dalam kerangka European Union (EU). Sebagai institusi internasional yang dianggap paling berhasil mengatur hubungan interdependensi berdasarkan perspektif liberal institusionalis, EU ternyata tidak dapat mencegah dan memperbaiki pelanggaran tingkat defisit dan tingkat utang yang terjadi di beberapa negara anggota Eurozone, khususnya Yunani, Italia, Irlandia, Portugal, dan Spanyol, sehingga krisis euro dapat terjadi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa EU belum sepenuhnya efektif untuk membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas EU membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone, dengan menggunakan dasar teori efek independen institusi internasional berdasarkan perspektif neoliberal institutionalism dan metode congruence. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa EU tidak efektif dalam membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone pada periode 2002-2012 karena lima alasan berikut: (1) tidak mempunyai kepentingan independen dalam EMU yang merepresentasikan seluruh negara anggota, (2) tidak dapat menghilangkan ketidakjelasan masa depan dalam pelaksanaan EMU, (3) tidak memberikan hasil kesejahteraan ekonomi yang diharapkan dari EMU, (4) tidak dapat memfasilitasi hubungan pengaruh politik dan kapasitas ekonomi yang setara dalam pelaksanaan EMU, dan (5) tidak mempunyai struktur institusi yang independen dan ajeg untuk pelaksanaan EMU.

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The euro crisis that happened since 2009 indicates that there was a problem in executing European Monetary Union (EMU) rules within the European Union (EU) framework. Regarded by liberal institutionalists as the most successful international institution in dealing with interdependence, EU was proven to be ineffective in preventing and correcting excessive deficit and debt of several Eurozone countries, especially Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain. This problem signifies that EU was ineffective in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries.

This study aims to uncover factors that influence EU effectiveness in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries by using independent effect of international institution theory based on neoliberal institutionalism, with congruence method.

The results show that EU was ineffective in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries in 2002-2012 because of the following reasons: (1) EU did not have independent interest that represent all member countries? interests, (2) EU was not able to eliminate future unpredictability in implementing EMU, (3) EU was not able to deliver economic welfare that was expected from EMU, (4) EU was not able to facilitate political and economic equality in implementing EMU, and (5) EU did not have independent and firm structure in implementing EMU."