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"Renal dysfunction which frequently occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients caused by oxidative stress. The effectiveness of the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment to renal dysfunction is unknown. This study compare and analyze the correlation between urinary hydrogen peroxide which is a product of oxidative stress and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the treatment groups of sulfonylurea and combination biguanide-sulfonylurea. This study used a retrospective cohort study design with 50 sampels that was taken in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang hospital with total sampling technique. Estimated GFR value obtained based on serum creatinine values were measured using a kinetic Jaffe method, while the urinary hydrogen peroxide using FOX 1 (Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange1). Value of urinary hydrogen peroxide in the two treatment groups did not have significant difference (p = 0.69), while the eGFR value of two groups did not have significant differences with the Cockroft Gault is p = 0.884; MDRD p = 0.886; and CKDEPI p = 0.490. Correlation analysis of urinary hydrogen peroxide and eGFR based on the MDRD equation and CKDEPI generate significant positive correlation (r = 0.326; p = 0.021) and (r = 0.282; p = 0.047). There is no antioxidant activity in the treatment groups. Urinary hydrogen peroxide may play a role in the pathophysiologic significance of diabetic nephropathy."

"[ABSTRAKGangguan fungsi ginjal yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 diperankan oleh stres oksidatif. Belum diketahui efektivitas pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap gangguan fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini membandingkan dan menganalisis hubungan hidrogen peroksida urin yang merupakan produk stress oksidatif dan estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (eLFG) pada kelompok pengobatan sulfonilurea dan kombinasi biguanid-sulfonilurea. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan jumlah sampel 50 orang yang diambil di RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang dengan teknik total sampling. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan nilai kreatinin serum yang diukur menggunakan metode kinetik Jaffe, sedangkan hidrogen peroksida urin menggunakan metode FOX (Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange) 1. Nilai hidrogen peroksida urin pada dua kelompok pengobatan tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,69). Sedangkan nilai eLFG pada dua kelompok juga tidak memiliki memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna dengan Cockroft Gault adalah p = 0,884; MDRD p = 0,886; dan CKDEP p= 0,490. Analisis hubungan hidrogen peroksida urin dengan eLFG berdasarkan persamaan MDRD dan CKDEPI menghasilkan hubungan positif bermakna (r = 0,326; p = 0,021) dan (r = 0,282; p = 0,047).

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ABSTRACT

, Renal dysfunction which frequently occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients caused by oxidative stress. The effectiveness of the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment to renal dysfunction is unknown. This study compare and analyze the correlation between urinary hydrogen peroxide which is a product of oxidative stress and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the treatment groups of sulfonylurea and combination biguanide-sulfonylurea. This study used a retrospective cohort study design with 50 sampels that was taken in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang hospital with total sampling technique. Estimated GFR value obtained based on serum creatinine values were measured using a kinetic Jaffe method, while the urinary hydrogen peroxide using FOX (Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange) 1. Value of urinary hydrogen peroxide in the two treatment groups did not have significant difference (p = 0.69) , While the value eGFR the two groups did not have significant differences with the Cockroft Gault is p = 0.884; MDRD p = 0.886; and CKDEP p = 0.490. Analysis of urinary hydrogen peroxide and eGFR based on the MDRD equation and CKDEPI generate significant positive correlation (r = 0.326; p = 0.021) and (r = 0.282; p = 0.047).

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"Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe-2 memiliki prevalensi yang meningkat setiap tahunnya. Diabetes merupakan penyebab utama PGK. Penurunan LFG pada populasai diabetes mungkin lebih besar dan lebih cepat dibandingkan populasi non-diabetes atau prediabetes. Saat ini belum terdapat penelitian mengenai penurunan eLFG pada kategori gangguan toleransi glukosa berbeda tetrsebut dan faktor yang memengaruhinya di Indonesia. Tujuan: Membandingkan penurunan eLFG pada kelompok diabetes, prediabetes, dan non-diabetes dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada data Penelitian Kohort Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) Litbangkes Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011-2020. Pasien dikelompokkan berdasarkan status diabetes awal menjadi kelompok diabetes, prediabetes, dan non-diabetes. Penurunan eLFG berdasarkan rumus CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Kruskall Wallis, dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney U. Hasil: Didapatkan 1.245 subjek (877 non-diabetes, 274 prediabetes, dan 94 diabetes) yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Didapatkan eLFG awal yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes 110 vs. prediabetes 107,3 vs. diabetes 106,1 ml/min/1,73m2, p < 0,001). Didapatkan eLFG akhir yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes 86,3 vs. prediabetes 79,8 vs. diabetes 59,3 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0,001). Didapatkan penurunan eLFG yang berbeda antar kelompok (non-diabetes -23,1 vs. prediabetes -26,4 vs. diabetes -37,6 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0,001). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan eLFG lebih tinggi adalah jenis kelamin perempuan, hipertensi, dan gula darah puasa tinggi. Kesimpulan: Penurunan eLFG lebih besar ditemukan pada kelompok diabetes dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-diabetes dan pre-diabetes. Jenis kelamin perempuan, hipertensi, dan gula darah puasa tinggi berhubungan dengan penurunan eLFG lebih besar.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients has an increasing prevalence every year. Diabetes is the main cause of CKD. Decline LFG in diabetes may be greater and faster than in non-diabetic or prediabetes populations. There has been no research on the decrease in GFR in each category and its influencing factors in Indonesia Aim: To compare the decline in eGFR in the diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic groups and their influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on Indonesian Research and Development Cohort of Non-Communicable Diseases (PTM) and Development in 2011- 2020. Patients were grouped based on initial diabetes status into diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic groups. The decline in the glomerular filtration rate was carried out by creatinine assessment and calculations based on the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation formula. The analysis was carried out with the Kruskall Wallis test, followed by the Mann Whitney U test. Results: A total of 1,245 subjects (877 non-diabetic, 274 prediabetic, and 94 diabetic) were included in the study. There were differences in baseline eGFR between groups (non-diabetic 110 vs. prediabetic 107.3 vs. diabetic 106.1 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). There were differences in final GFR between groups (non-diabetic 86.3 vs. prediabetic 79.8 vs. diabetes 59.3 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). Different eGFR decline was found between groups (non-diabetic -23.1 vs. prediabetes -26.4 vs. diabetes -37.6 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). Factors associated with rapid decline in GFR were female gender, hypertension, and high fasting blood sugar level. Conclusion: There was a more rapid decline in eGFR in the group with diabetes than non-diabetic and pre-diabetic. Factors associated with a higher decrease in eGFR were female gender, hypertension, and high fasting blood sugar level."

"ABSTRAKStres oksidatif berperan dalam kerusakan fungsi ginjal pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Hingga saat ini belum ada penanda yang dapat mendeteksi kerusakan ginjal sejak awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kadar hidrogen peroksida pada urin sebagai penanda stres oksidatif dan mengungkap hubungan dengan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus sebagai parameter fungsi ginjal. Kadar hidrogen peroksida urin dan nilai eLFG juga dibandingkan antara dua kelompok pengobatan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengobatan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 84 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di puskesmas kecamatan Pasar Minggu. Nilai hidrogen peroksida urin diperoleh dengan pengukuran menggunakan metode Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange 1 (FOX-1) dan dinormalisasi dengan nilai kreatinin urin. Pengukuran kreatinin urin dilakukan dengan metode kinetik Jaffe. Perhitungan nilai eLFG diperoleh dengan 3 tiga rumus yaitu Cockroft-gault, MDRD, dan CKD-EPI. Kadar hidrogen peroksida urinpada dua kelompok pengobatan tidak berbeda bermakna (p = 0,545. Hasil uji beda nilai eLFG pada dua kelompok juga tidak berbeda bermakna (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,677; MDRD p = 0,830; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,548). Hasil analisis hubungan kadar hidrogen peroksida urin dengan ketiga nilai eLFG tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,900 ; MDRD p = 0,842; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,703).

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ABSTRACTOxidative stress plays a major role in renal dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetesmelitus. Up to now, there is no biomarker can be used in early detection of renal dysfunction. This study aims to analyze of urinary hydrogen peroxide concentration as biomarker of oxidative stress and correlated it with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate as parameters of renal function. Urinary hydrogen peroxide and value of eGFR were also compared between the two groups of treatment to find out the effectiveness of treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. Design of this study was cross sectional with 84 sample that was taken in Puskesmas Pasar Minggu. Concentration of urinary hydrogen peroxide were measured with Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange 1 (FOX-1) method and normalize with urine creatinine that measured with kinetic Jaffe method. Three formulations used to measure value of eGFR were Cockroft-gault, MDRD, dan CKD-EPI. Concentration of urinary hydrogen peroxide in two groups of treatment have no significant difference (p = 0,545), while value of eGFR also didn?t have significant different (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,677; MDRD p = 0,830; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,548). Results of correlation analysis urinary hydrogen peroxide with eGFR showedno significant correlation (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,900 ; MDRD p = 0,842; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,703)."

"Gangguan fungsi ginjal merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pendeteksian dini dengan menggunakan senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 diperlukan untuk mencegah progresifitasnya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 urin dengan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG). Sampel yang dianalisis adalah 40 orang pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu, dengan teknik total sampling. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan nilai kreatinin serum yang diukur menggunakan metode kinetik Jaffe, sedangkan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan KIM-1 diukur dengan menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α diperoleh 6633,87 ± 1292,62 pg/mg kreatinin, kadar KIM-1 diperoleh 8,23 ± 3,23 ng/mL dan nilai eLFG diperoleh 99,65 ± 41,12 (Cockroft-Gault); 96,59 ± 41,90 (MDRD study); dan 100,79 ± 40,07 (CKD-EPI). Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,520; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,477; p = 0,004) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,403; p = 0,013), serta setelah perokok dieksklusi, berdasarkan ketiga persamaan, yaitu Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,595; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,554; p = 0,003) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,559; p = 0,003). Hubungan antara kadar KIM-1 dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (r = -0,155; p = 0,339), MDRD (r = -0,173; p =0,285) dan CKD-EPI (r = -0,024; p = 0,883). Sehingga diketahui terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara KIM-1 dengan nilai eLFG.

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Renal dysfunction is one of complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The earlier detection is needed to prevent its progression with 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1. The aim of this study was to analyze concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1urine and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic, used total sampling method.

eGFR was obtained based on the measurement of serum creatinine on kinetic Jaffe method, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and KIM-1 was measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was 6633,87 ± 1292,62 pg/mg creatinine, concentration of KIM-1 was 8,23 ± 3,23 ng/mL and the eGFR values were 99,65 ± 41,12 (Cockroft-Gault); 96,59 ± 41,90 (MDRD study); and 100,79 ± 40,07 (CKD-EPI).

The correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR is based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,520; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,477; p = 0,004) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,403; p = 0,013), and the correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration after smoker exclution and eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,595; p = 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,554; p = 0,003) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,559; p = 0,003). But the correlation between KIM-1 concentration and eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault (r = -0,155; p = 0,339), MDRD (r = -0,173; p =0,285) and CKD-EPI (r = -0,024; p = 0,883). So there was a significant correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR, and also there were no significant correlation between KIM-1 concentration and eGFR."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian dalam mengevaluasi fungsi ginjal pada kasus diabetes melitus menggunakan kamera gamma dan radiofarmaka 99mTc-DTPA. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan korelasi nilai Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR antara pasien diabetes dengan pasien non-diabetes yang dikalkulasi menggunakan metode Gates dan metode Inoue, peta biodistribusi radiofarmaka 99mTc-DTPA, dan radioaktivitas selama pemeriksaan Renogram. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pesawat SPECT dan 99mTc-DTPA pada 53 pasien dengan usia di atas 40 tahun, dan 22 diantaranya memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus tipe 2. Nilai GFR terukur mGFR dibandingkan dengan perhitungan manual eGFR menggunakan metode Gates dan Inoue. Pemetaan biodistribusi diambil dari citra statik pada region of interest ROI organ jantung, hati, kedua ginjal, dan kandung kemih. Radioaktivitas dikuantifikasi secara kasar menggunakan nilai cacahan pada peta biodistribusi dan faktor kalibrasi kamera gamma. Korelasi mGFR terhadap eGFR menggunakan metode Gates dan metode Inoue yaitu strongly positive. Peta biodistribusi radiofarmaka menunjukkan nilai cacahan pasien diabetes lebih tinggi pada organ ginjal kiri dan ginjal kanan, dan lebih rendah pada organ jantung dan hati relatif terhadap pasien non-diabetes. Organ kandung kemih tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua grup. Untuk radioaktivitas radiofarmaka, aktivitas rata-rata tertinggi terletak pada kedua ginjal.

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Research has been conducted to evaluate the renal function on diabetes mellitus case using gamma camera and 99mTc DTPA. The evaluation was performed to determine the difference of correlation of Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR values between diabetic patients and non diabetic patients which were calculated using Gates method and Inoue method, radiopharmaceutical biodistribution of 99mTc DTPA, and radioactivity during Renogram examination. The research was conducted using SPECT and 99mTc DTPA in 53 patients with over 40 years of age, and 22 of them had diabetes mellitus type 2. The measured GFR mGFR values were compared with manual calculations eGFR using Gates and Inoue method. The biodistribution was taken from the static image in the region of interest ROI of the heart, liver, kidneys, and bladder. The radioactivity was quantified roughly using the counts value in biodistribution map and calibration factor. The correlation of mGFR to eGFR using Gates method and Inoue method is strongly positive. The biodistribution map in diabetic patients showed higher values on left and right kidney, and lower values on heart and liver. The bladder showed no significant difference of biodistribution map in both groups. For radioactivities, the highest average activity lies in both kidneys."

"ABSTRAKGangguan fungsi ginjal merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang dapat ditandai oleh senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a dengan estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (eLFG). Sampel yang dianalisis adalah 50 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang yang terbagi menjadi dua yaitu kelompok sulfonilurea dan kombinasi biguanid-sulfonilurea dengan teknik total sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode kohort retrospektif. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan kadar kreatinin serum, sedangkan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a diukur dengan metode Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Uji beda dilakukan terhadap nilai eLFG antara kedua kelompok, yaitu Cockroft Gault (p = 0,961), MDRD (p = 0,567), CKD-EPI (p = 0,443), serta pada kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a (p = 0,070). Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG dianalisis pada seluruh sampel (n=48), yaitu Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,329; p = 0,023), MDRD (r = 0,231; p = 0,115) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,256; p = 0,079). Sehingga, tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai eLFG dan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a di antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan Cockroft-Gault, namun tidak terdapat hubungan pada nilai eLFG MDRD dan CKD-EPI.

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ABSTRACTRenal dysfunction is a common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient that can be characterized by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a compound. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang Hospital were divided into two groups of sulfonylurea and combination of biguanide-sulfonylurea using total sampling technique. This study was an observasional study using cohort retrospective method. The value of eGFR obtained by serum creatinine levels, while the level of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a measured by the method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Different test carried out on eGFR values ​​between the two groups, those were Cockroft-Gault (p = 0,961), MDRD (p = 0,567), CKD-EPI (p = 0,443), as well as on the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (p = 0.070). The correlation between the levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a with eGFR was analyzed on all samples (n=48), those are Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,329; p = 0,023), MDRD (r = 0,231; p = 0,115) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,256; p = 0,079). Thus, there was no difference in eGFR values ​​and levels of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a between the two groups. There was significant correlation between the levels of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a and eGFR values were calculated by Cockroft-Gault equation, meanwhile there was no correlation in eGFR values were calculated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equation."

"Diabetes Melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena adanya kelainan pada sekresi insulin atau kerja insulin yang ditandai dengan adanya karakteristik hiperglikemia dan dapat berujung komplikasi berupa nefropati diabetik. Pemeriksaan penunjang untuk mendiagnosis Diabetes Melitus salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan HbA1c, yang merupakan hasil dari proses glikosilasi nonenzimatis glukosa pada hemoglobin. Korelasi antara HbA1c dengan mikroalbumin dan laju filtrasi glomerulus sebagai penanda nefropati diabetik belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan design penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan 80 subjek yang memeriksakan kadar HbA1c, mikroalbuminuria dan laju filtrasi glomerulus ke Laboraturium RSCM. Data diolah dengan menggunakan uji spearman untuk HbA1c dan mikroalbumin dengan hasil r = 0.381 dan p < 0,001 serta uji pearson untuk HbA1c dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan hasil p > 0,05. Pada penelitian didapatkan terdapat korelasi lemah antara HbA1c dan mikroalbumin serta tidak ada korelasi antara HbA1c dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus.

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Diabetes Mellitus is metabolic disease with impairment of insulin secretion and insulin function which marked by hyperglycemia and could lead to diabetic nephropathy complication. Testing for HbA1c is one of the tests to diagnose diabetes mellitus. HbA1c itself is a substance that results from glucose nonenzimatic glycosylation process to hemoglobin. The correlation between HbA1c with microalbumin in urine and glomerular filtration rate is not fully known in Indonesia.

This study is using cross sectional study design on 80 subjects from RSCM laboratory. The data for HbA1c and microalbumin were analyzed using spearman test r 0.381 and p 0,001 and the for HbA1c and glomerular filtration rate were analyzed using pearson test p 0,05. The conclusion are there was a weak correlation between HbA1c and microalbumin in urine and no correlation between HbA1c and glomerular filtration rate."

"Latar Belakang. COVID-19 sempat menjadi pandemi global yang fatal. Penggunaan dari remdesivir sebagai terapi emergensi pada pertengahan tahun 2020 menyebabkan munculnya berbagai laporan yang mengaitkan penggunaannya terhadap gagal ginjal akut. Molekul sulfobutylehter-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) yang dapat menumpuk pada ginjal dicurigai sebagai penyebabnya. Remdesivir lebih diutamakan pada kasus berat dan proporsi dari gagal ginjal akut lebih tinggi dilaporkan pada pasien perawatan ICU, sehingga penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana fungsi ginjal dapat terganggu akibat penggunaannya. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional, pengumpulan data berdasarkan rekam medis RS Swasta di Tangerang periode Januari 2021-Juli 2022. Analisis menggunakan uji dan dibentuk model prediktif dengan regresi linear. Hasil. Dari 46 subyek yang mendapat terapi remdesivir didapatkan mayoritas adalah laki-laki dengan median usia 57 tahun. Model prediktif dengan variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, DM, CRP, dan D-dimer menghasilkan nilai P 0,341; R2 0,153. Analisis stratifikasi dengan hipertensi, DM, CRP dan D-dimer menunjukkan adanya kemaknaan secara statistik (nilai P < 0,05). Kesimpulan. Terapi dengan remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU dapat mengalami penurunan fungsi ginjal yang bermakna. Faktor risiko hipertensi, DM, nilai CRP dan D-dimer yang tinggi dapat memperburuk penurunan fungsi ginjal, sehingga perlu diperhatikan penggunaannya pada praktik klinis sehari-hari.

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Background. COVID-19 was a terrifying global pandemic. The use of remdesivir as emergency treatment of COVID-19 was approved during the mid of 2020 and since then there were reports indicating acute kidney injury. This was hypothesized to be caused by SBECD which can cause deposits in the kidney. Remdesivir has been widely used in severe cases and acute kidney injury was found to be higher in ICU patients. Therefore, this study aims to show how these factors can cause kidney injury.

Methods. This observational study was conducted using hospital medical records from private hospitals in Tangerang during January 2021 to July 2022. These data were analysed using Wilcoxon and predictive model generated with linear regression.

Results. Total of 46 subjects in which most participants were male with the age median of 57 years old. Predictive model with age, gender, hypertension, DM, CRP, and D-dimer showed a P-value 0,341 and R2 0,153. However, stratification analysis with hypertension, DM, CRP, and D-dimer as covariates shows statistically significant decrease in eGFR with P-value < 0,05.

Conclusion. Patients with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes melitus, higher CRP and D-dimer value should be monitored closely by checking the creatinine and urine output regularly."