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"ABSTRAKJurnal ini membahas tentang Perayaan Qixi sebagai salah satu perayaan yang dirayakan oleh masyarakat Cina setiap tahun, tepatnya pada tanggal tujuh bulan ke-tujuh penanggalan bulan. .Masyarakat Cina meyakini bahwa perayaan Qixi dilatarbelakangi oleh legenda Niu Lang dan Zhi N . Pada awal kemunculannya, yaitu pada era sebelum Dinasti Han, Perayaan Qixi dirayakan sebagai perayaan penanda berakhirnya musim panen. Sejak memasuki era Han, Perayaan Qixi mengalami perluasan makna menjadi sebuah perayaan yg bermuatan nilai-nilai budaya. Kegiatan yg dilakukan untuk merayakannya pun semakin beranekaragam. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan derasnya arus globalisasi, budaya yg dimiliki oleh bangsa Cina pun turut berubah. Hal ini menyebabkan timbulnya pergeseran pemaknaan Perayaan Qixi oleh masyarakat Cina. Masyarakat Cina di masa sekarang lebih menitikberatkan unsur percintaan dalam Perayaan Qixi. Kegiatan yg dilakukan untuk merayakan perayaan ini pun mengalami perubahan ekstrim menjadi kegiatan yg berhubungan dengan hal-hal percintaan. Oleh karena itu perayaan ini lambat laun dimaknai oleh masyarakat Cina sebagai perayaan kasih sayang seperti halnya hari valentine. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif.

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ABSTRACTThis journal discusses about Qixi Celebration as one of annual chinese society celebration, precisely celebrated on the seventh of seven month of lunar calendar..Niu Lang and Zhi N legend are believed as a background of Qixicelebration by chinese society. At the beginning of its appearance, before Han Dynasty era, it is celebrated as a marker of harvesting season ending. Entering Han Era, the meaning of Qixi Celebration expands into a celebration which contains cultural values. Activities undertaken to celebrate even more diverse. As the time goes by and also the rapid flow of globalization, chinese culture has changed. Chinese society point of view in Qixi Celebration has transformated. Nowadays, they emphasize the element of romance in Qixi Celebration. All activities have extremely transformated into romance activity. Therefore, chinese society gradually interpret this celebration as a celebration of affection, the same as Valentine 39 s day. This journal uses qualitative research method with literature study approach. "

"Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna simbol fu (?) bagi masyarakat Cina, serta hubungan dan kaitan antara sebuah simbol fu (?) dengan perayaan Tahun Baru Cina. Makna simbol fu (?) bagi masyarakat Cina serta kaitan simbol fu (?) dengan perayaan Tahun Baru Cina dapat diketahui melalui analisa terhadap makna dari aksara fu (?), latar belakang seperti mitos dan mitologi simbol fu (?) digunakan pada saat perayaan Tahun Baru Cina, elemen warna simbol fu (?) dan peletakan simbol fu (?) pada saat perayaan Tahun Baru Cina. Simbol fu (?) dengan perayaan Tahun Baru Cina memiliki kaitan antara suatu perayaan yang besar dengan simbol yang mendukung perayaan tersebut"

"ln this thesis I discuss about the ancestor worship in in the Chinese-Hakka family and community in Singkawang-West Kalimantan (Borneo). The central concem of this study is the description and analysis of ancestor worship in rituals of death within family as conducted at the home, at place managed by Chinese burial association, and burial place, before and after burial. The main issue raised in this thesis is the function of ancestor worship for Hakka family and community of Singkawang, which based on Mauss (1992) and Suparlan (l978)?s exchange theory is to tighten the kinship relations between family members who are alive or living in this world-the ?real world? and their ancestors in the atier-life world or the ?unreal world?. The reason for the Hakka people of Singkawang to worship their ancestors. besides showing their filial piety (xiao) to ancestor. is also to ask for protection and assistance from them. In the time of needs or problems, members of a Hakka family or community will ask their ancestor spirits to help and protect him or her, and in return they will reciprocate the ancestors? help by providing food and beverages, as well as by paying respect to them, and all of these are conducted through rituals at the burial place or temples. This form or exchange is always maintained because it benefited both sides. Death and death rituals in Hakka family are the most important part ol ancestor worship among the Chinese-Hakka in Singkawang. There would be no ancestor worship without death and death rituals. According to Hakka people?s beliefs, the well-being of their ancestors in the after-life will determine their well- being or the well-being of related family in this life. In Chinese culture, as stated by Mencius, the most revered Confucian philosopher after Confucius himself, ?the greatest of all sins is to have no sons to carry on the ancestral line and continue the ancestors? worship? (see McCreey in Scupin, 2000: 286). Therefore, ?sons? is the operative world for Chinese in general. Traditional Chinese society is a patrilineal society in which Family surname and the right to a share of the family property descends from father to son. Daughters, once they married, their duty is to serve their parents-in-law, to worship their husband?s ancestors, and above all, to provide sons to continue their husband?s family line. Thus, usually daughters are not expected to share the burden of ancestor?s worship within their original family. In this thesis, I show that in Hakka family and community in Singkawang, in contrast to the abovementioned Chinese tradition, daughters who have married, together with their husbands, could come and share the burden of ancestor worship duty in the daughters? original family, as long as they do not take the place of sons as the leader of the family. Hakka family and community in Singkawang too see ancestor worship as means to gather members of related family, from both patrilineal and matrilineal sides, at one place and at a particular time, not only to conduct rituals and to worship their ancestors, but also to talk about family economy as well as other metters among family members. The ancestor worship of Haldta family and community in Singkawang does not only benefit members of related family, but, as a matter of fact, also provides some advantages for members of other ethnic groups, such as the Madurese and the Dayaks, particularly those who live near the Chinese burial place. During Ching Ming Jie or Chinese Toms Festival and Zhong Yuan Jie or Hungry Ghost Festival, these people-the Madurese and the Dayaks--could ask to help Hakka families to clean or cut grass on their ancestors? graves in return for a little money."

"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini menguraikan tentang perubahan identitas Cina Padang dari Revolusi sampai Reformasi. Pendekatan etnisitas Barth dan identitas Wang Gungwu digunakan untuk melihat perubahan identitas etnis Cina Padang dari rezim yang berkuasa. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa etnis Cina ikut berperan ketika Indonesia menjadi negara yang baru, meskipun dalam waktu yang bersamaan etnis Cina juga menjadi bagian dari orang Minangkabau saat terjadi pergolakan PRRI. Pada saat ini identitas ke-Minangan dan ke-Cinaan terlihat kuat di dalam diri Cina Padang. Ketika terjadi perubahan rezim dengan kontrol negara yang kuat pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru, Cina Padang tetap aktif merepresentasikan diri mereka melalui aktivitas sosial dan budaya, meskipun hanya untuk kalangan sendiri. Kesempatan untuk tetap bisa beraktivitas tidak terlepas dari keberadaan perkumpulan sosial, budaya, dan kematian Himpunan Tjinta Teman dan Himpunan Bersatu Teguh serta politik lokal Padang dan karakteristis masyarakat Minangkabau yang terbuka sehingga memberikan ruang kepada etnis Cina untuk mengembangkan diri mereka sendiri. Tekanan dan kontrol negara berdampak terhadap tingginya loyalitas dan solidaritas sesama kelompok etnis Cina. Fenomena lain ditemukan setelah Reformasi bergulir, di mana saat politik lokal dan politik negara memberikan kesempatan besar bagi etnis Cina untuk merepresentasikan budaya dan adat istiadat mereka, malah sebaliknya terjadi perubahan struktur dan tatanan sosial

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ABSTRACTThis dissertation analyses the changes in Padang Chinese identity from revolution to reformasi. Using Barth?s approach to ethnicity and Wang Gungwu?s approach to identity, it looks at changes in Padang Chinese ethnic identity through the governing regimes. The study finds that ethnic Chinese played a role in Indonesia becoming a new country, despite simultaneously being part of Minangkabau society at the time of the PRRI separatist movement. Nowadays, Minang and Chinese identities are clearly strong in the Padang Chinese. With the regime change and strong state control under the New Order government, the Padang Chinese remained active in representing themselves through social and cultural activities, if only within their own circles. The Himpunan Tjinta Teman and Himpunan Bersatu Teguh organisations were integral in providing opportunities to remain active through social and cultural gatherings, and funerals, as were local politics in Padang and the open characteristics of Minangkabau society, all of which allowed room for the ethnic Chinese to develop. State pressure and control resulted in high levels of loyalty and solidarity among ethnic Chinese. Another phenomenon became apparent after Reformasi; when local and state politics provided enormous opportunities for ethnic Chinese to represent their culture and traditions, what actually transpired were structural changes in their social order as a result of competition and internal conflicts between commercial associations (kongsi)."

"Genshin Impact (原神) merupakan sebuah permainan video yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan permainan video asal Shanghai, Cina, miHoYo Co., Ltd. (米哈游网络科技股份有限公司) yang dirilis secara resmi pada tanggal 28 September 2020. Permainan ini berfokus pada kisah “Pengembara” yang pergi berkeliling dunia bernama Teyvat (提瓦特), untuk mencari saudara kembarnya. Setiap tahunnya, permainan ini terdapat sebuah festival bernama Festival Lantern Rite (海灯节). Festival ini terinspirasi dari dua perayaan besar di Cina, yaitu perayaan Tahun Baru Cina (春节) dan Festival Lampion (元宵节). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Festival Lantern Rite dalam Genshin Impact diadakan dengan menyamakan waktu pelaksanaan perayaan Tahun Baru Cina dan Festival Lampion dalam masyarakat Cina, serta lebih banyak mengadaptasi mengenai asal-usul dan kebiasaan yang dilakukan daripada dekorasi yang digunakan.

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Genshin Impact (原神) is a video-game developed by a Shanghai-based video-game company, miHoYo Co., Ltd. (米哈游网络科技股份有限公司), released on September 28th 2020. This game focused on the story of “Traveler” who goes around a world called Teyvat (提瓦特) in search of their twin-sibling. Every year, there is an event that is playable called Lantern Rite Festival (海灯节). This event inspired by two big events in China, Chinese New Year (春节) and Lantern Festival (元宵节). This research was conducted using qualitative research methods and using a comparative approach. The result of this research indicate that the date used in Lantern Rite Festival in Genshin Impact is the same as the ones in Chinese New Year and Lantern Festival in Chinese Communities, and adapted more of the history and the traditions rather than the decorations used in the festival."

"Cerpen Pengorbanan Tahun Baru Zhufu adalah cerpen karya Lu Xun ?yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 1924. Cerita bertutur mengenai seorang perempuan bernama Nyonya Xianglin ?? ?, yang hidupnya selalu dirundung malang. Wafatnya suami dan kekuasaan besar ibu mertua terhadap dirinya memaksanya lari dari keluarga suaminya untuk hidup mandiri. Namun, nasib malang tak pernah lepas dari hidupnya. Pada akhirnya, Nyonya Xianglin menjadi pengemis dan meninggal dunia karena tidak memiliki jalan lagi untuk menafkahi dirinya. Dari cerita ciptaan Lu Xun ini, akan didapati bahwa cerita menyiratkan adanya faktor utama yang menjadi penyebab hidup Nyonya Xianglin berakhir tragis dalam kemiskinan, yaitu tradisi dan tahyul yang berlaku terhadap perempuan pada masa itu. Makalah ini akan mencoba mengungkap dan membahas tradisi seperti apa yang berlaku dalam masyarakat yang merugikan nasib perempuan, khususnya Nyonya Xianglin, sebagaimana yang tersaji dalam cerita. Analisis atas kehidupan Nyonya Xianglin dalam Pengorbanan Tahun Baru, dilakukan melalui dua hal, yaitu melalui pembahasan atas tradisi kuno yang menjadi penyebab naasnya hidup perempuan dan melalui alur cerita yang menggambarkan kehidupan Nyonya Xianglin akibat tradisi yang hidup di masyarakat.

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New year sacrifice Zhufu is short story written by Lu Xun published in 1924. It tells the story of a woman named Mrs. Xianglin , who had a miserable life. The death of her husband and the dominance of her mother in law toward her life forced her to run away from her husband family to live independently. However misfortune event never gets away from her life. At the end of the day, she became a beggar and died for she could not find a way to support herself. From fictional work of Lu Xun, it is found that the story implies there are main factors behind Mrs. Xianglin rsquo s life that tragically end in poverty, which are tradition and myth that prevailed upon women during that time. This paper tends to revealed and discuss the tradition prevailed which harmed women, especially Mrs. Xianglin as presented by the story. Analyse from the life of Mrs. Xianglin in New Year Sacrifice, was done through two ways that are discussion of old tradition a cause of tragic life of women and through discussion of the plot of the story that depicted the life of Mrs. Xianglin in account of tradition prevailed in society. "

"Xiao Hong adalah salah satu penulis wanita Cina yang terkenal akan novel dan cerita pendeknya pada 1930-an. Sebagai penulis ia berperan bersar dalam membangun kembali semangat bangsa Cina melalui karya sastra. Dalam menulis karyanya Xiao Hong lebih banyak menyampaikan kritik kelemahan moral manusia sebagai tema utama dalam karyanya. Salah satu karyanya yang berjudul `Tangan` (手Shǒu) yang terbit pada tahun 1936 menceritakan perjuangan seorang gadis yang mendapat diskriminasi dari teman-teman dan gurunya di sekolah karena memiliki tangan yang hitam. Dalam cerita pendek手, Xiao Hong memberikan gambaran mengenai tokoh Wang Yaming yang berasal dari keluarga miskin berusaha untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi keluarganya. Tangan hitamnya yang disebabkan oleh pekerjaan mewarnai pakaian memberikan gambaran status sosial yang menjadi penyebab utama semua permasalahan yang dihadapinya di sekolah. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis makna tangan yang kerap muncul dalam cerita pendek手dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Dari penelitian ini penulis ingin melihat bahwa tangan dan warna memiliki makna yang dapat merujuk pada status sosial dalam masyarakat Cina. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini akan memberikan makna serta gambaran tentang pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis.

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Xiao Hong is one of chinese female writer known for her novels and stories in the 1930s. As a writer she played a major role in rebuilding the spirit of chinese nation .Through her literary works. In writting her works, Xiao Hong delivered more about criticism of human moral weakness as main theme. One of her novels entitled " Hand" ( 手Shou ) was published in 1936 tells about the struggle of the girl who get discrimination from his friend and teacher at school because she has dark hand. In her shortstory 手,, Xiao Hong gives description of Wang Yaming who is always obedient, enterprising and patient in facing obstacles to be able to complete her education. This research will analyze the meaning of 手 that often appear in short stories by using descriptive analytical methods. From this research, the writer wants to see that ' hand and colors ' have meaning that can refer to the social status of chinese society.The result of the analysis in this study will provide meaning and an overview of the message to be conveyed by the author."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai tradisi mengenakan baju putih dalam upacara pemakaman tradisional Cina dan betujuan untuk memaparkan awal terbentuknya tradisi penggunaan baju putih sebagai baju berkabung serta makna warna putih pada baju berkabung dalam masyarakat Cina. Adapun tradisi mengenakan baju putih sebagai tanda berkabung dalam upacara pemakaman tradisional Cina menurut catatan sejarah sudah dimulai sejak awal dinasti Zhou, dan masih dilakukan hingga sekarang. Warna putih dianggap sebagai warna berkabung yang menunjukan kemurnian, kesederhanaan, kesucian, kehidupan, dan kejujuran. Seiring berjalannya waktu, penggunaan baju berkabung ini pun semakin sederhana, tetapi tidak menghilangkan unsur utama yaitu pakaian dasar bewarna putih. Dari hasil penelitian yang melihat dari sisi budaya dan sejarah yang dilakukan berdasarkan studi kepustakaan, ditemukan warna putih berhubungan dengan makna berkabung dan kematian dalam masyarakat Cina.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the tradition of wearing white clothes in traditional Chinese funerals and aims to describe the beginning of a tradition of using white clothes as mourning attire and also to analyze significance of white clothing as mourning attire in Chinese society. According to historical records, the tradition of wearing white mourning dress as a sign of mourning in traditional Chinese funerals has been started since the Zhou dynasty and still apply today. The white color is considered as the color of mourning, it is to symbolize innocence, simplicity, purity, existence, and sincerity. However, as time goes by, the use of mourning clothes is now even simpler, but does not eliminate the main element of this tradition that is white clothing. From testing the results of historical research based on the literature study earlier, it was found that white color was linked to death and mourning in Chinese culture. "

"Mao Zedong merupakan tokoh pemimpin yang berpengaruh dalam sejarah Cina. Pada awal dekade 1990-an, belasan tahun setelah kematian Mao dan setelah posisinya dalam pemerintahan digantikan oleh Deng Xiaoping, terjadi ketertarikan kembali di kalangan masyarakat Cina terhadap sosoknya, yang dikenal dengan istilah 毛泽东热 (Mao Zedong re, Demam Mao Zedong). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami apa saja ragam ekspresi yang nampak dalam fenomena Demam Mao Zedong dalam masyarakat Cina pada 1990 hingga 1995, serta mengapa fenomena tersebut terjadi dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Demam Mao Zedong ditunjukkan melalui berbagai ragam ekspresi, seperti komersial, media masa, pariwisata, dan spiritual. Fenomena Demam Mao Zedong juga disebabkan oleh kebijakan Reformasi dan Keterbukaan yang memungkinkan masyarakat memanfaatkan sistem ekonomi pasar untuk mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi dari sosok Mao, romantisme masyarakat terhadap Mao dalam bentuk kekaguman terhadap sosok Mao sebagai pemimpin dan nostalgia terhadap masa pemerintahannya, serta kemunculan pandangan baru masyarakat mengenai sosok Mao, yaitu sosok manusia biasa dan sebagai objek dari satire dan parodi.

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Mao Zedong is an influential leader figure in the history of China. On the early 1990s, years after his death and the replacement of his position in Chinese government by Deng Xiaoping, there was a renewed interest of his figure in Chinese society, which became known as 毛泽东 热 (Mao Zedong re, Mao Zedong fever). This research is meant to analyze the expressions of Mao Zedong fever on Chinese society during 1990 to 1995, and the reasons of its appearance during that era. This research found that Mao Zedong Fever was expressed using various forms, such as commercial goods, mass media, tourism, and spiritualism. The Mao Zedong Fever phenomenon was also caused by the Reform and Openness policy, which allows the use of market economy system by society to achieve economic gain from Mao`s image, romanticism of his image, such as his status as a leader and nostalgia of his period of government, and the rise of new outlooks on Mao`s figure within Chinese society, which are Mao as an ordinary man and Mao as the object of satire and parody."

"Tulisan ini membahas tentang tiga buku sastra perjalanan karya Agustinus Wibowo. Ketiga karya Agustinus itu telah masuk ke pasar buku Indonesia dan dibaca banyak orang. Cara Agustinus mengekspresikan kisah hidup dan perjalanannya ke berbagai negara dalam bentuk teks cerita menjadi daya tarik sendiri bagi para pembacanya karena penuh dengan refleksi yang muncul dari renungan-renungannya. Hal ini memunculkan pertanyaan tentang konteks ruang dan waktu yang membuat karyakarya Agustinus dapat diterima oleh pembaca. Terbacanya buku-buku tersebut mengisyaratkan kondisi masyarakat tertentu pada suatu masa ketika selera mayoritas pembaca adalah buku panduan perjalanan yang praktis serta kisah-kisah tentang kesuksesan mencapai mimpi. Dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam yang diterapkan pada tiga orang pembaca karya-karya Agustinus dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat kesesuaian antara selera para pembaca dengan gaya penulisan Agustinus. Diterimanya buku-buku Agustinus oleh pembaca juga menunjukkan adanya keserasian antara kenangan para pembacanya dengan cerita-cerita yang dituturkan Agustinus dalam buku-bukunya.

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This undergraduate thesis discusses about three travel writing books written by Agustinus Wibowo. Agustinus’ works have entered Indonesian book market and been read by many people. The way he expresses his life story and his travels to many different countries in narrative textual form has appealed many readers for his reflective contemplations. It brings out some issues about the temporal and spatial

contexts from which Agustinus’ works are being accepted by the readers. The readability of those books indicates some social conditions in particular time, when the mainstream taste longs for practical how-to traveling books and successful stories about making dreams come true. Using observation and in-depth interview methods applied to three readers of the books, it can be known that there are some concordances between the readers’ taste and Agustinus’ writing style. The readers reception of his books also shows that there are some harmonies between the readers memories and Agustinus’ stories told in his books."