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"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya sumbatan dan peradangan kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien AV menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Lipid darah diduga memengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar sebasea. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lipid darah dan kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta mengetahui korelasi kadar lipid darah dengan kadar sebum kulit wajah. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien AV non-obesitas, yang terbagi berdasarkan tiga derajat keparahan AV. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dan kadar sebum kulit wajah pada SP. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = 0,6689, p = 0,0001 . Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dengan derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara sebum kulit wajah dengan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid darah tidak memengaruhi keparahan AV dan kadar sebum, sedangkan peningkatan kadar sebum kulit wajah dapat meningkatkan keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Previous studies about blood lipids in acne patients revealed variable results. Blood lipids were considered affecting sebum production.

Objective: To identify the correlation between blood lipids, sebum excretion rate and acne severity. This study also determines the correlation between blood lipids and sebum excretion rate.

Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. This was a cross sectional study with total of 30 non obese AV patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AV. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL serum and sebum excretion rate were measured.

Results: The results revealed significant correlation between sebum excretion rate and severity of acne vulgaris r 0,6689, p 0,0001 . There were no correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL and acne severity. Blood lipids had no correlation with sebum excretion rate.

Conclusion: The results of this study has proven that blood lipids does not affect the severity of acne and sebum excretion rate. While increased sebum secretion would increase acne severity."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang dan tujuan. Penggunaan antibiotik pada akne vulgaris (AV) saat ini dihadapi permasalahan resistensi Propionibacterium acnes (PA) dan bakteri lainyang berperan pada AV. Data pola resistensi AVS dan AVB di RS CiptoMangunkusumo (RSCM) tahun 2006 menunjukkan adanya resistensi PA terhadaperitromisin (63,2%), klindamisin (57,9%), dan tetrasiklin (47,4%). Tidak ditemukanPA yang resisten terhadap doksisiklin maupun minosiklin. Penggunaan antibiotikpada AV dapat menyebabkan perubahan pola resistensi sehingga penelitian inibertujuan memberikan data terbaru mengenai pola bakteri dan resistensinya terhadapantibiotik lini pertama pada AVS dan AVB di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit danKelamin RSCM, yaitu tetrasiklin, doksisiklin, minosiklin, klindamisin daneritromisin. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang.Spesimen untuk kultur dan uji resistensi didapatkan dari ekstraksi komedo tertutupyang selanjutnya dibiakkan secara aerob dan anaerob. Pemeriksaan uji resistensidilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan MIC strip test. Hasil. Dari 91 subjek, bakteri yang ditemukan terdiri atas PA 11,0%, Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE) 50,5%, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 7,7% dan bakteri lain sebesar40,7% (aerob) dan 19,8% (anaerob). Sebagian kecil PA (10%) resisten terhadaptetrasiklin, klindamisin, dan eritromisin. Tidak ditemukan PA yang resisten terhadapdoksisiklin dan minosiklin. Bakteri SE resisten terhadap eritromisin (65,2%),klindamisin (52,2%), tetrasiklin (32,6%), dan doksisiklin (4,3%). Tidak ditemukanSE yang resisten terhadap minosiklin. Sebagian kecil SA resisten terhadaperitromisin (28,6%), doksisiklin (14,3%) dan klindamisin (14,3%). Tidak ditemukanSA yang resisten terhadap tetrasiklin dan minosiklin. Kesimpulan. Bakteri yang ditemukan pada pasien AVS dan AVB antara lain,Staphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, danStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bakteri paling banyak ditemukan resisten terhadaperitromisin dan ketiga bakteri tersebut seluruhnya masih sensitif terhadap minosiklin. ABSTRACT Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya sumbatan dan peradangan kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien AV menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Lipid darah diduga memengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar sebasea. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lipid darah dan kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta mengetahui korelasi kadar lipid darah dengan kadar sebum kulit wajah. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien AV non-obesitas, yang terbagi berdasarkan tiga derajat keparahan AV. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dan kadar sebum kulit wajah pada SP. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = 0,6689, p = 0,0001 . Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dengan derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara sebum kulit wajah dengan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid darah tidak memengaruhi keparahan AV dan kadar sebum, sedangkan peningkatan kadar sebum kulit wajah dapat meningkatkan keparahan AV. Kata kunci: akne vulgaris; kadar sebum; lipid darah.

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Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Previous studies about blood lipids in acne patients revealed variable results. Blood lipids were considered affecting sebum production.

Objective: To identify the correlation between blood lipids, sebum excretion rate and acne severity. This study also determines the correlation between blood lipids and sebum excretion rate.

Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. This was a cross sectional study with total of 30 non obese AV patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AV. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL serum and sebum excretion rate were measured.

Results: The results revealed significant correlation between sebum excretion rate and severity of acne vulgaris r 0,6689, p 0,0001 . There were no correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL and acne severity. Blood lipids had no correlation with sebum excretion rate.

Conclusion: The results of this study has proven that blood lipids does not affect the severity of acne and sebum excretion rate. While increased sebum secretion would increase acne severity. Keywords acne vulgaris blood lipids sebum excretion."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit akibat peradangan kronik folikel pilosebasea yang sering dijumpai pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Pada pasien perempuan didapatkan prevalensi AV yang lebih tinggi dan dampak psikososial yang lebih berat. Beberapa studi meneliti terdapat hubungan antara peningkatan kadar homosistein dengan derajat keparahan AV, namun peran homosistein dalam patogenesis AV masih belum jelas. Kadar homosistein ditentukan oleh multifaktor sehingga temuan di Indonesia dapat berbeda dibandingkan penelitian terdahulu. Secara fisiologis, kadar homosistein pada perempuan lebih rendah dari laki-laki.Tujuan: Mendapatkan data kadar homosistein plasma pada pasien perempuan dengan AV ringan (AVR), AV sedang (AVS), dan AV berat (AVB) serta mengetahui korelasi kadar homosistein plasma dengan berbagai derajat keparahan AV.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 46 subjek penelitian (SP), direkrut secara consecutive sampling, yang terdiagnosis AV berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann pada bulan April-Juni 2019. Setiap SP akan diambil darahnya untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar homosistein plasma dengan metode chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay (CMIA).Hasil: Pada pasien perempuan dengan AV didapatkan rerata kadar homosistein plasma kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, dan 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah yang tidak bermakna antara kadar homosistein plasma dengan derajat keparahan AV (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).Kesimpulan: Kadar homosistein plasma ditemukan lebih rendah pada kelompok AVS dan AVB. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin rendah kadar homosistein plasma, maka semakin berat derajat keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder caused by chronic inflammation of pilosebaceus that is primarily found in adolescents and young adults. In female patient, there is a higher prevalence of AV and more severe psychosocial impact. Several studies have investigated association between the levels of serum homocysteine and severity of AV, but the role of homocysteine in AV is not clearly understood. Homocysteine levels are thought to be affected by varying factors, so it is assumed that homocysteine levels in Indonesian people will yield a different results. Physiologically, female has a lower homocysteine levels.

Objective: This study aims to know the levels of homocysteine plasma in female patients suffering from mild, moderate, and severe AV, also its correlation with the degree of AV severity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 46 subjects, recruited by consecutive sampling, who have been diagnosed with AV based on Lehmann criteria on April-June

2019. Blood sample will be taken from each subject to measure homocycsteine plasma levels by using chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay method (CMIA).

Results: In female patients, the mean plasma homocycteine levels of mild, moderate, and severe groups were respectively 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, and 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. There was no significant corelation between plasma homocysteine levels and the degree of acne severity (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).

Conclusion: Levels of plasma homocysteine was found lower on moderate and severe AV groups. The lower the levels of plasma homocysteine, the more severe the the degree of acne severity.

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"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris AV merupakan inflamasi kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Beberapa penelitian telah meneliti kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 OH D] serum pada pasien AV dengan hasil bervariasi, namun umumnya rendah. Kadar vitamin D diduga terpengaruh oleh pajanan sinar matahari, letak geografis, ras/tipe kulit, dan asupan makanan, sehingga mungkin temuan di Indonesia akan berbeda daripada penelitian terdahulu di luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar 25 OH D serum dan hubungan dengan derajat keparahan, lesi inflamasi, noninflamasi, dan total lesi AV. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 30 subjek penelitian SP, direkrut secara consecutive sampling, terbagi rata ke dalam kelompok AV ringan AVR, AV sedang AVS, dan AV berat AVB berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann. Faktor risiko AV yang berkaitan dengan vitamin D pajanan sinar matahari, penggunaan tabir surya, suplementasi, jumlah lesi, dan kadar 25 OH D serum dinilai pada seluruh SP. Hasil : Median kadar 25 OH D serum pada kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 16,3 9,1- 17,8 ng/mL, 12,7 9,6-15,6 ng/mL, dan 9,35 4,9-10,9 ng/mL Median pada kelompok AVR dan AVS lebih tinggi dibandingkan AVB.

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Background and objective: Acne vulgaris AV is chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Several studies have investigated the levels of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 25 OH D in AV patients with varying outcomes, but mostly decreased. Vitamin D levels are thought to be affected by sun exposure, geographical location, race skin type, and food intake, that research in Indonesia may yield different results. This study aimed to determine the level of serum 25 OH D and its association with the severity and the number of inflammatory, noninflammatory, and total AV lesions.

Methods: This cross sectional study included 30 patients. Subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling, grouped equally into mild, moderate, and severe AV based on Lehmann's classification. The risk factors for inadequate vitamin D such as sun exposures, sunscreen, and suplements, the number of lesions, and serum 25 OH D levels were assessed on all subjects.

Results: The median concentrations of serum 25 OH D in the three groups were respectively 16.3 9.1 17.8 ng mL, 12.7 9.6 15.6 ng mL, and 9.35 4.9 10.9 ng mL p."

"[ABSTRAKAkne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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ABSTRACTAcne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.;Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions., Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann’s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann’s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann’s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.]"

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi kasus jerawat (acne vulgaris) 75-85% pada orang dewasa, terutama pada usia remaja, dan sering menjadi kronis. Etiopatologis jerawat multi-faktorial, antara lain disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif dan pengaruh hormon serta pola makan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) yang mengandung senyawa aktif xanthones dengan aktivitas anti-oksidan, anti-bakteria dan anti-inflamasi, dapat menunjang terapi medis untuk jerawat. Uji klinis dilakukan secara acak, berpembanding dan tersamar ganda selama 3 minggu pada 94 subyek berjerawat ringan dan sedang, berumur 18-30 tahun yang tinggal di asrama agar relatif homogen. Parameter penelitian adalah derajat keparahan jerawat menurut kriteria Lehman dan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) di dalam darah subyek. Perlakuan dengan pemberian 400 mg ekstrak 3 kali sehari, bersamaan terapi standar dengan krim topikal asam retinoat 0,025% pada lesi jerawat di wajah pada malam hari. Keparahan jerawat berkurang tidak bermakna (p > 0.2) dan penurunan kadar MDA dalam plasma darah tidak bermakna (p = 0.49).

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence of acne (acne vulgaris) is 75-85% in adults, especially in adolescence, and often becomes chronic. Etiopatology of acne is multi-factorial, partly due to the oxidative stress and the influence of hormones and diet. The purpose of this study is to prove that the ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L) containing xanthones with properties of anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory, can support medical therapy for acne. A randomized, double-blind and controlled clinical trial done for 3 weeks in 94 subjects with mild and moderate acne, aged 18-30 years living in a dorm which is relatively homogeneous. Parameters of the study are the degree of severity of acne according to Lehman criteria and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood of the subjects. Intervention by administering 400 mg extract 3 times a day, along with standard therapy with topical cream of 0.025% retinoic acid applied in acne lesions on the face at night. Improvement of acne severity was not significant (p > 0.2) and decreased levels of MDA in blood plasma was not significant (p = 0.49)."

"ABSTRAKJerawat merupakan gangguan estetika pada kulit yang umumnya terjadi pada usia remajadengan gambaran klinis berupa adanya komedo, papul, pustul, dan nodul. Salah satu tanamanrimpang yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat jerawat adalah rimpang kencur (Kaempferiagalanga L) karena mempunyai khasiat sebagai anti bakteri dan anti inflamasi. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ektrak rimpang kencur terhadapbakteri P.acne, mengetahui kestabilan fisik sediaan gel ektrak rimpang kencur, keamanannya,dan manfaatnya sebagai gel anti jerawat derajat ringan dan sedang. Ekstraksi yang digunakandengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Uji aktifitas anti bakteri diamati padakonsentrasi 0,75; 1,25; 1,75; 2,25%. Konsentrasi 0,75% mempunyai diameter zona hambat11,5 mm pada media Brucella. Berdasarkan uji kestabilan fisik gel ekstrak rimpang kencurmempunyai stabilitas fisik yang baik pada akhir penelitian, pH mengalami sedikitpenurunan,uji viskositas dan konsistensi tidak banyak mengalami perubahan, dan ujikeamanan pada 12 orang tidak mengalami alergi dan iritasi. Uji manfaat dilakukan pada 60orang berjerawat ringan dan sedang dengan jenis lesi; komedo, papul, pustul, nodul.Perlakuan terhadap 30 orang yang diberi gel ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur dan gelklindamisin 1,2% diberikan pada 30 orang sebagai kontrol positip. Setelah dievaluasi selama3 minggu, gel ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur memberikan perbaikan signifikan (p<0,01)pada jerawat derajat ringan dan sedang.

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ABSTRACTAcne is a skin disorder that generally aesthetic occurs in adolescence with clinicalfeatures such as the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Oneof the rhizomes of plants that can be used as an acne medication is kencurrhizome (Kaempferia galanga.L) because it has peculiar properties as an antibacterial and anti inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to know about theanti bacterial activity of kencur rhizome extract the P acne bacteria,knowing thephysical stability from the preparation of kencur rhizome extract gel,safety,andbenefits as an anti acne gel in mild and moderate level. Extraction was macerationusing 96% ethanol.Antibacterial activity test performed at concentrations 0,75;1,25; 1,75; 2,25%. Concentration of 0,75% has 11,5 mm in the inhibition zone ofBrucella media. Based on the physical stability test, kencur rhizome extract gelhas good physical stability at the end of the study. The level of pH as a slightdecrease,viscosity and consistency test has not the changed much of the gel safetytesting in 12 peoples do not showed allergies and irritation. The benefit testconducted on 60 people with mild and moderate acne lesion types of comedones,papules, pustules, nodules. The gel contain 0,75% extract of rhizome kencur and1,2% clindamycin gel was applied in each 30 peoples who severe acne at faceshowed, after 3 week evaluation the result showed that extract of rhizome kencurprovide a significan improvement (p<0,01) in mild and moderate acne."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit unit pilosebasea kronis tersering yang dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis berat dan mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya. Penggunaan terapi ajuvan yaitu ekstraksi lesi akne yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi standar dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis dan kualitas hidup penderita akne. Pengukuran kualitas hidup penting dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan terapi. Saat ini telah tersedia kuesioner kualitas hidup spesifik akne berbahasa Indonesia (Acne-QoL- INA) yang tervalidasi, namun belum pernah ada data mengenai perbandingan kualitas hidup antara terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar.Metode: Studi uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar tunggal ini dilakukan pada subjek akne vulgaris dewasa derajat sedang berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok terapi kombinasi standar dan ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi kombinasi) serta terapi standar tanpa ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi standar). Skor kualitas hidup berdasarkan kuesioner Acne-QoL-INA dinilai pada baseline, minggu ke-4, dan minggu ke-8 setelah terapi. Selain itu, penilaian jumlah lesi dan derajat keparahan akne diukur pada setiap kunjungan oleh seorang evaluator secara tersamar melalui foto klinis.Hasil: Sebanyak 40 subjek dengan median usia 24 tahun (18–48), 17,5% laki-laki dan 82,5% perempuan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Skor Acne-QoL-INA baseline untuk kelompok kombinasi dan kelompok terapi standar masing-masing adalah 41 (37,5– 57) dan 45,5 (37–63), meningkat menjadi 79 (67,5–94,5) dan 72,5 (59,25–98,5) pada minggu ke-8 namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik antar kedua kelompok (p=0,602). Jumlah lesi baseline pada kedua kelompok masing-masing 35 dan 32, menurun menjadi 18 dan 13 pada minggu ke-8 (p<0,0001) dan perbaikan derajat keparahan menjadi akne ringan pada 100% subjek di minggu ke-8.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan dalam skor Acne-QoL-INA dan perbaikan klinis antara kelompok terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar pada pasien AV sedang. Namun, terapi kombinasi cenderung meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pengurangan lesi lebih baik daripada terapi standar.

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Background: Acne Vulagis (AV) is the most commom chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can have a significant psychological impact and reduce the quality of life. The use of adjuvant therapy such as acne lesion extraction, in combination with standard therapy could better improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. Assessing quality of life is crucial to evaluate the success of therapy. Currently, there has been a validated acne-specific quality of life questionnaire in Indonesian (Acne-QoL-INA), but there is no existing data on the comparison of quality of life between combination therapy and standard therapy.

Method: This single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on adult subjects with moderate acne vulgaris based on Lehmann criteria, who were divided into combinations of standard therapy with acne lesion extraction (combination therapy) group, and standard therapy without acne lesion extraction (standard therapy) group. Quality of life score based on the Acne-QoL-INA questionnaire was assessed at the baseline, 4th, and 8th week after therapy. Additionally, the assessment of lesion number and acne grading is also measured at each visit by a blinded evaluator through clinical photos.

Results: A total of 40 subjects with a median age of 24 years old (18–48), comprising 17.5% males and 82.5% females, participated in this study. The baseline Acne-QoL-INA scores for the combination therapy and the standard therapy group were 41 (37.5–57) and 45.5 (37–63), respectively. These scores increased to 79 (67.5–94.5) and 72.5 (59.25– 98.5) at week 8 but did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p=0.602). The baseline lesion count in both groups was 35 and 32, respectively, and decreased to 18 and 13 at week 8 (p<0.0001), with an improvement in the severity to mild acne in 100% of subjects by week 8.

Conclusion: There was no difference in Acne-QoL-INA scores and clinical improvement between the combination therapy and standard therapy groups in moderate AV patients. However, combination therapy tended to improve the quality of life and lesion reduction better than standard therapy."