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"ABSTRAKKebijakan cukai di Indonesia bersifat kontradiktif. Cukai berfungsi untuk mengendalikan konsumsi barang-barang yang tergolong berbahaya seperti rokok, di sisi lain cukai juga berkontribusi cukup besar dalam menyumbang penerimaan negara Indonesia. Penerimaan negara yang berasal dari pungutan cukai rokok kemudian dibagi kembali untuk dialokasikan pada daerah-daerah penghasil cukai dan tembakau melalui Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau DBHCHT . Penggunaan DBHCHT ditujukan untuk mendanai berbagai program atau kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan konsumsi rokok. Tulisan ini disusun untuk menganalisis penerimaan cukai yang berasal dari produk rokok dan berupaya melihat tujuan pengenaan cukai rokok, serta berupaya melihat penggunaan DBHCHT untuk program-program di beberapa daerah di Indonesia yang tidak tepat sasaran yang menimbulkan kecenderungan viktimisasi.

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ABSTRACTExcise tax policy in Indonesia is contradictory. Excise tax serves to control the consumption of dangerous goods such as cigarettes, on the other hand excise tax also contribute for Indonesia rsquo s income. Indonesia rsquo s income from cigarette excise tax are subdivided to be allocated for excise tax and tobacco producing region through Tobacco Excise Tax Revenue DBHCHT . The use of DBHCHT is intended to fund various programs or activities related to tobacco and cigarette consumption. The purpose of this final project is to analyze tax revenue from tobacco products and trying to see the purpose of the cigarete excise taxes, and trying to see the use of DBHCHT for programs in some regions in Indonesia that are not on the right target that leads to victimization tendencies."

"Konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap bahan bakar minyak selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya sehingga membawa eksternalitas negatif yaitu polusi udara. Usulan pengenaan cukai atas BBM ini sudah diusulkan oleh Badan Kebijakan Fiskal sehingga skripsi ini akan mengkaji usulan tersebut mengenai potensi pengenaan cukai atas bahan bakar minyak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivis dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengenaan cukai atas bahan bakar minyak dengan mengaitkan teori Legal character cukai milik Sjibren Cnossen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cukai atas bahan bakar minyak sudah memenuhi karakteristik cukai yaitu selectivity in coverage dengan indikator objek cukai merupakan barang dan jasa tertentu yang diatur dalam undang-undang, tujuan pemungutan cukai lebih menitikberatkan kepada fungsi regulerend, terdapat pengawasan secara fisik oleh pemerintah atau otoritas pajak, dan pengenaan cukai hanya dilakukan di salah satu mata rantai produksi atau distribusi, dan jenis tarif yang dikenakan berbeda tergantung pada jenis atau jumlah barang, memenuhi karakteristik discrimination in intent dengan indikator untuk mengompensasi biaya eksternalitas dan untuk mengendalikan konsumsi, dan terakhir memenuhi karakteristik Quantitative Measurement dengan menggunakan sistem pembayaran. Pengenaan cukai atas bahan bakar minyak ini sudah diterapkan di berbagai negara di dunia khususnya negara Thailand dan Filipina.

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Indonesian people's consumption of fuel oil always increases every year so that it brings negative externalities for the air pollution. The proposal for the imposition of excise on gasoline has been proposed by the Fiscal Policy Agency (Badan Kebijakan Fiskal) so that this thesis will examine the information regarding the potential imposition of excise on gasoline. This research used post-positivist through literature studies and in-depth interviews. This research based on theory Legal Character Excise by Sjibren Cnossen. The results showed that the impositions of excise tax on petrol has already considered excise, which are Selectivity in Coverage with indicators being certain goods and services regulated in legislation, the purpose of tax collection is more focused on regulerend purpose, excise tax are only carried out in one of the production or distribution links, and different types of tariffs depend on the type or quantity of goods, meet characteristics Discrimination in the Intent with indicators to compensate for the costs of externalities and to increase consumption, and finally according to characteristics Quantitative Measurement. The imposition of excise tax on petro has already been applied in various countries in the world such as Thailand and Philippine."

"Skripsi ini membahas usulan pemerintah mengenakan cukai atas kendaraan bermotor untuk meningkatkan fungsi cukai sebagai pengatur barang konsumsi yang dapat menimbulkan eksternalitas negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Dengan mengaitkan pada teori karakteristik cukai Sijbren Cnossen, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengenaan cukai atas kendaraan bermotor memenuhi karakteristik cukai yaitu selectivity in coverage, discrimination in intent, dan quantitative measurement. Selain itu, pemerintah saat ini belum berorientasi terhadap isu pencemaran lingkungan atau eksternalitas negatif dari kendaraan bermotor, sehingga pengenaan cukai dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu instrumen alternatif sesuai dengan fungsi cukai. Pengenaan cukai atas kendaraan bermotor juga sudah diterapkan di beberapa negara ASEAN.

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This thesis focused on the Government’s proposal on imposing excise tax on motor vehicle to increase excise function as a regulator of consumer goods which can cause negative externalities. This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach through field studies and literature studies. According to the legal character of excise theory by Sijbren Cnossen, the results showed that the imposition of excise tax on motor vehicle meet the characteristics of excise which are: selectivity in coverage, discrimination in intent, and quantitative measurement. In addition, the government has not been oriented towards the issues of environmental pollution or negative externalities of motor vehicles, so the imposition of excise can be used as one off the alternative instrument in accordance with the excise function. Imposition of excise tax on motor vehicle has also been applied by several ASEAN countries."

"Kebijakan tarif cukai hasil tembakau yang dijalankan pemerintah merupakan perpaduan dari 3 (tiga) prioritas kepentingan yang berbeda, yaitu aspek kesehatan, tenaga kerja dan penerimaan. Ketiga aspek kepentingan harus mampu diakomodir dalam penyusunan kebijakan tarif cukai hasil tembakau. Oleh karenanya, Ketiga prioritas tujuan pemungutan cukai tersebut dituangkan dalam sebuah Roadmap Industri Hasil Tembakau 2007-2020, yang memaparkan visi Industri Hasil Tembakau (IHT) pada tahun 2020, yaitu terciptanya IHT yang berorientasi pada aspek kesehatan masyarakat, di samping penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan negara. Skripsi ini membahas tentang evaluasi tarif CHT dalam kerangka pencapaian Roadmap IHT 2007-2013. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penetapan tarif cukai hasil tembakau tidak dilakukan sesuai dengan perguliran prioritas Roadmapnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi perubahan paradigma (shifting paradigm) dalam pembuatan tarif cukai hasil tembakau yang seharusnya disesuaikan dengan perguliran Roadmap Industri Hasil Tembakau 2007-2013.

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The current policy regarding the custom tariff for tobacco?s products in Indonesia is a combination of three different dominant interests coming from the concern regarding health issue, labor issue, and government?s income issue. These interests must be considered in the policy making of determining the custom tariff for tobacco?s products. Thus, those three interests are included in the Roadmap of Tobacco?s Product Industry 2007 ? 2020 that explains the vision of Tobacco?s Products Industry in 2020 that is to have a Tobacco?s Products Industry which is also oriented in the realization of public health other than the provision of work field and the contribution to national income. This research is a qualitative descriptive research which evaluates the current custom tariff for tobacco?s products in the efforts of succeeding the Roadmap of Tobacco?s Product Industry during 2007 until 2013. The research shows that the policy making of custom tariff for tobacco?s products was not enforced according to the Roadmap?s priority. Hence, the research concludes that shifting paradigm in the policy making of determining the custom tariff for tobacco?s products did not happen in which this was supposed to happen if the Roadmap of Tobacco?s Product Industry during the period of 2007 - 2013 was correctly enforced and considered during the policy making process."

"Pada tahun 2018, BPJS Kesehatan mempunyai masalah keuangan, dan untuk membantu kesinambungan penyelenggaraan program jaminan kesehatan, Pemerintah Pusat mengeluarkan paket kebijakan salah satu kebijakan tersebut adalah daerah diminta untuk berkontribusi melalui pemotongan Pajak Rokok. Tesis ini akan menganalisis bagaimana kedudukan Pajak Rokok dalam berkontribusi untuk mendukung program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, dan bagaimana mekanisme pemotongan Pajak Rokok oleh Menteri Keuangan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan dibidang keuangan negara/daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan bentuk deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa penerimaan Pajak Rokok sebagai hak daerah dapat digunakan dalam mendukung program jaminan kesehatan nasional karena dalam konsep Negara Kesatuan daerah ikut memiliki kewajiban dalam mendukung Pemerintah Pusat untuk memenuhi basic needs masyarakat. Pemerintah perlu memasukkan pengaturan terkait earmarking Pajak Rokok untuk mendukung program jaminan kesehatan dalam revisi Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah.

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In 2018, BPJS Kesehatan had financial problems, and to help the sustainable of health insurance programs, the Central Government issued the policies package, one of them was that local governments have to contribute through the deduction of Cigarette Taxes. This thesis will analyze how the position of Cigarette Tax in contributing to support the National Health Insurance program, and how the mechanism of the deduction of Cigarette Tax by the Minister of Finance according to the laws and regulations. This research was conducted using normative juridical method with descriptive form.The results of the study explain that the acceptance of Cigarette Tax as a regional right can be used in supporting the national health insurance program because in the concept of the Unitary State the region also has an obligation to support the Central Government to fulfill the basic needs of the community. The government needs to include regulations related to Cigarette Tax earmarking to support health insurance programs in the revision of Law No. 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Levies."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Analisis Kebijakan Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM) atas impor pesawat latih untuk sekolah pilot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dasar pemikiran pengenaan PPnBM atas impor pesawat latih sekaligus menganalisis implikasi pengenaan PPnBM atas impor pesawat latih tersebut. Di samping itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif berupa rekomendasi kebijakan PPnBM atas impor pesawat latih untuk sekolah pilot. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan literatur yang berasal dari artikel, buku, peraturan dan sumber lain. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan dasar pemikiran dikenakannya PPnBM atas pesawat latih adalah menyangkut prinsip keadilan dan pertimbangan pemerintah bahwa atas sekolah penerbangan yang dibawah pemerintah tidak mendapatkan fasilitas pmbebasan PPnBM apalagi untuk sekolah pilot yang notabenenya adalah milik swasta. Selain itu faktor profit oriented sekolah pilot, fungsi budgetair pajak, dan kurangnya informasi yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah, serta kekhawatiran penyalahgunaan pesawat latih. Sedangkan dampak pengenaan PPnBM atas pesawat latih tersebut adalah tingginya beban biaya untuk mengadakan pesawat latih, menghambat pendirian sekolah pilot dan perubahan orientasi sekolah pilot tersebut. Pada akhirnya, rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah pembebasan PPnBM atas pesawat latih.

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This research study discusses about Analysis of Luxury Tax Policy on Aircraft for Pilot School. The purpose of this study is to determine the rationale for the imposition of import luxury tax on aircraft as well as analyzing the implications of the imposition of luxury tax on such aircraft. In addition, this study aims to provide an alternative form of policy recommendations for luxury tax on aircraft for pilot school. The approach of this study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and the literature that comes from articles, books, legislation and other sources.

The result of this study concluded the rationale for the imposition of luxury tax on aircraft is related to the principle of fairness and consideration that the government-owned flying school does not get the luxury tax exemption facilities, moreover for pilot schools that in fact privately owned. Beside that, the profit oriented factors of pilot schools, tax budgetair function, and lack of information held by government, as well as concerns about the abuse of aircraft. While the impact of the imposition of luxury tax on aircraft are the high costs to hold an aircraft, inhibit the establishment of pilot schools and change the orientation of the pilot schools. Finally, recommendation of this research study is tax exemption on luxury tax on aircraft for pilot school."

"Cairan rokok elektrik merupakan salah satu objek yang dapat dikenakan cukai saat ini pengaturannya kurang tepat. Rokok elektrik pertama ditemukan pada tahun 2003 oleh Hon Lik. Rokok elektrik masuk ke Indonesia untuk pertama kalinya tahun 2012. Pada tahun 2018, rokok elektrik cair yang digunakan sebagai barang untuk penggunaan rokok elektrik dikenakan cukai berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 146/PMK.010/2017 tentang Penerimaan Tarif Cukai Tembakau. Dalam peraturan tersebut, cairan rokok elektrik termasuk dalam Tembakau Olahan Tembakau atau HPTL jenis lain. Untuk HPTL, tarif cukai yang diatur dalam peraturan tersebut adalah 57% persen dari Harga Jual Eceran. Pada tahun 2018, terdapat peraturan tentang perubahan PMK yang dengan dikeluarkannya PMK Nomor 156/PMK.010/2018 yang mengatur: harga jual eceran minimum per milimeter cairan rokok elektrik. pohon Masalah dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pengenaan cukai pada cairan rokok? listrik diatur di Indonesia dan bagaimana potensi resistensi pajak di pengenaan cukai pada cairan rokok elektrik. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, cairan rokok elektrik adalah barang yang dibuat tanpa menggunakan tembakau di dalamnya serta penghitungan cukai cairan rokok elektrik berdasarkan PMK memunculkan potensi resistensi pajak berupa penghindaran pajak yang tidak diperbolehkan (penghindaran pajak yang tidak dapat diterima). Saran dalam penelitian adalah perbaikanterhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan.E-cigarette liquid is one of the objects that can be subject to excise at this time the regulation is less precise. The first e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Hon Lik. E-cigarettes entered Indonesia for the first time in 2012. In 2018, liquid e-cigarettes used as goods for the use of e-cigarettes were subject to excise duty based on Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 146/PMK.010/2017 concerning Receipt of Tobacco Excise Tariffs. In the regulation, e-cigarette liquid is included in Tobacco Processed Tobacco or other types of HPTL. For HPTL, the excise rate regulated in the regulation is 57% percent of the Retail Selling Price. In 2018, there was a regulation regarding changes to the PMK with the issuance of PMK Number 156/PMK.010/2018 which regulates: the minimum retail selling price per millimeter of e-cigarette liquid. tree The problem in writing this thesis is how to impose excise duty on cigarette liquids? electricity is regulated in Indonesia and what is the potential for tax resistance in the imposition of excise on e-cigarette liquids. The writing of this thesis uses a normative juridical research method. Based on the results of the study, e-cigarette liquids are goods made without using tobacco in them and the calculation of excise on e-cigarette liquids based on PMK raises the potential for tax resistance in the form of tax avoidance that is not allowed (unacceptable tax avoidance). Suggestions in research is improvementto the relevant laws and regulations."

"Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan mengenai pengenaan pajak penghasilan terhadap badan asing pada bentuk usaha tetap (BUT) melalui penerapan persetujuan penghindaran pajak berganda (P3B) di Indonesia. Undang-undang pajak penghasilan memberlakukan pembedaan tarif antara badan usaha asing berbentuk BUT dan badan usaha asing yang tidak berbentuk BUT. Pada umumnya kegiatan atau usaha yang dijalankan oleh subjek pajak luar negeri di Indonesia sering memicu terjadinya pengenaan pajak berganda oleh negara sumber maupun negara domisili subjek pajak luar negeri. Oleh karena itu penulis hendak menganalisis mengenai keberadaan BUT dalam peraturan perpajakan di Indonesia serta penerapan P3B di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif, yakni penelitian kepustakaan yang dilakukan terhadap aturan-aturan hukum tertulis maupun tidak tertulis dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Simpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pemajakan terhadap BUT menurut UU PPh bisa didasarkan pada tarif tertentu sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Keuangan dan tarif umum Pasal 17 dan 23 UU PPh. Namun terhadap kegiatan usaha yang belum memenuhi syarat BUT maka pemajakannya mengacu kepada Pasal 26 UU PPh serta kewajiban perpajakannya menjadi tanggung jawab subjek pajak dalam negeri yang membayarkan penghasilan kepada subjek pajak luar negeri. Selanjutnya melalui keberadaan P3B bertujuan untuk memitigasi pajak berganda dengan menyelaraskan definisi pajak, menetapkan basis pajak, menetapkan hak pemajakan, dan mengatur mekanisme yang akan digunakan untuk menghilangkan pajak berganda dengan melalui metode unilateral dan multilateral. P3B yang disepakati mengacu pada aturan perjanjian yang berkembang didunia saat ini yakni UN Model dan OECD Model.

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This research discusses issues regarding to the imposition of income tax on foreign entities in the permanent establishment (PE) through the application of the double taxation avoidance agreement (tax treaty). The law of tax income applies a tariff distinction between foreign business entities in the form of PE and foreign business entities that are not in the form of PE. In general, activities or businesses carried out by foreign tax subjects in Indonesia often trigger the occurrence of double taxation by the source country or the domicile country of the foreign tax subject. Therefore, the author wants to analyze the existence of PE in tax regulations in Indonesia and the application of tax treaty in Indonesia. This research uses a juridical-normative research method, named library research conducted on written and unwritten legal rules with descriptive research type. The conclusions obtained from this research are taxation of permanent establishment according to the Income Tax Law in Indonesia can be based on certain tariffs as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of Finance and general tariffs Article 17 and 23 of the Income Tax Law. However, for business activities that do not meet the PE requirements, the taxation refers to Article 26 of the Income Tax Law and the tax obligations are the responsibility of domestic tax subjects who pay income to foreign tax subjects. Furthermore, the existence of the tax treaty aims to mitigate double taxation by harmonizing the tax definition, establishing a tax base, determining taxation rights, and regulating the mechanism that will be used to eliminate double taxation through unilateral and multilateral methods. The agreement of tax treaty refers to the agreement rules that are developing in the world today, namely the UN Model and OECD Model."

"Personal income tax represents personal tax in a way that its imposition is as possible strives to be harmonized with the circumstance of taxpayer. This is generally realized in the form of personal exemptions, which in Indonesia is known as PTKP. Therefore, this thesis will study the method in determining PTKP to reach justice in personal income tax.The thesis aims to look for and explain the reasons and basis that form the background of PTKP adjustment, relationship between Minimum Live Requirement or KHM and amount of PTKP for personal taxpayer, and implication of policy that adjusts the amount of PTKP to Income Tax section 21 accounted by government. Finally, the thesis will also analyze whether the policy of PTKP adjustment may bring justice in tax imposition.Based on experts' theory, a person's income during a period of time is subject to tax. This view has become standard for the ability to pay tax after deducting all expenses incurred to earn, bill, and maintain that person's income. In order to impose fair tax collection, the tax regulations must be enforced to all people without exception. In practice, the tax burden should be tuned to individual's ability to pay. Variety in family burdens may induce variety in the capacity to assume the burdens. As far as personal income taxpayer; there is part of income that should be excluded from tax, especially for the poor. This exclusion should be given out as part of an effort to earn income or to fulfill the minimum live requirement. If some of the minimum live requirement is not available, then the taxpayer may not be able to earn income that would subsequently be subject to tax. The exception is recognized as PTKP, whereas its amount is constantly adapted with the growth of economy, monetary, and price of basic needs annually.Research in this thesis uses descriptive analysis method with qualitative approach on the study of policy. Technique on data collection is in the form of book and field study done through interviews with related parties.The research results in a summary, which implies that the government is not in accordance with the income tax laws that require adjustment of PTKP following any changes in the economy and monetary as well as the price fluctuations of basic needs each year. The government obligation to adjust PTKP accordingly has been replaced by Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government. The policy is passed only to taxpayer who earns income from work. Thus, the policy has caused injustice in the system of personal income tax. PTKP for taxpayer in the amount of Rp 1.000.000; (one million rupiah) monthly has been in accordance with current KHM. However, additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens is not suitable with recent situation of economy and monetary as well as price of basic needs. With the existence of policy to adjust PTKP in 2005, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government does not affect the calculation of Income Tax Section 21 for those who owe. So far, PTKP policy has not served justice in tax imposition. Moreover, the policy still needs much attention to be harmonized with the principality of justice.Preferably, adjustment on PTKP is conducted each year so that PTKP policy is not left behind by any changes in basic needs and economical and monetary growth. Also, in determining PTKP, the government should specify more appropriate amount of PTKP to be in accordance with economy, monetary, and taxpayer KHM. Additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens should be around 50% of PTKP instead of 10%. Furthermore, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government should be abolished to provide rule of law and justice for personal taxpayer. In drafting future PTKP policy, effort should be maximized to reach justice in aspects such as: paying more attention to PTKP for daily and weekly paid workers as well as other irregular workers, giving additional PTKP for the burdens and not only in the beginning of tax year, and lastly to allow additional PTKP for siblings of taxpayer in consideration of certain circumstances."