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"ABSTRAKPendahuluan. Pemilihan saat yang tepat untuk tindakan relaparotomi masih merupakan tantangan sehingga diperlukan pemeriksaan objektif sederhana untuk menentukan hal tersebut. Indeks Prediktif Reoperasi Abdominal IPRA diciptakan untuk menentukan saat relaparotomi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji apakah IPRA dapat digunakan sebagai penentu saat relaparotomi di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM .Metode. Merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan pada penderita pascarelaparotomi tahun 2009-2015 di RSCM. Sampel berjumlah tiga puluh. Pada tiap sampel, delapan variabel penyusun IPRA diidentifikasi dan dievaluasi.Hasil. Kedelapan variabel penyusun IPRA kondisi emergensi, gagal ginjal, gagal nafas, nyeri perut, infeksi luka operasi, ileus, perubahan GCS, dan gejala baru pada hari keempat dapat diidentifikasi pada ketigapuluh sampel. Empat variabel dengan frekuensi tertinggi masing-masing nyeri perut, infeksi luka operasi, ileus, dan kondisi emergensi. Relaparotomi dapat dilakukan langsung pada penderita dengan skor 10 tanpa harus melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang.Konklusi. IPRA dapat digunakan sebagai suatu standar penilaian objektif sederhana dalam menentukan saat yang tepat untuk relaparotomi. Selain itu, relaparotomi dapat dilakukan pada penderita dengan skor 10 tanpa melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang. Kata kunci: IPRA, saat, relaparotom.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDetermining the right timing of relaparotomy has always been a challenge and hence a simple objective value is required to do so. ARPI abdominal reoperative predictive index was created to decide when to reoperate. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether ARPI could be applied as determinant of the timing of relaparotomy in our Hospital.MethodsA cross sectional descriptive study was done in 30 sample of patients who underwent relaparotomy from 2009 to 2015. Eight variables were identified and evaluated in each sample. ResultsEight variables composing ARPI can be identified thoroughly in each sample. Four variables with highest frequency were persistent symptoms on fourth postoperative day, abdominal pain, wound infection, and ileus. Relaparotomy can be performed in patients complaining abdominal pain appearing from second postoperative day and persisting for more than 4 day after operation.ConclusionsApplication of ARPI as a simple objective value to determine the right timing of relaparotomy was satisfactory. All variables are routinely checked and no additional unconventional examination needed. Furthermore, relaparotomy can be performed in patients complaining abdominal pain persisting for more than 4 days after operation which still needs further prospective research to validate. "

"Industri Reksa Dana relatif baru bagi Industri Indonesia. Pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1996 oleh PT. BDNI Reksa Dana dengan aset kelolaan Rp 300 miliar. Produk reksa dana yang pertama adalah reksa dana tertutup artinya hanya dapat dimiliki dengan membeli melalui bursa. Dengan kata lain, mekanismenya sama dengan surat berharga yang dijual di pasar seperti saham, yang memiliki permintaan dan penawaran dan dinilai sesuai dengan harga pasar. Pada Juli tahun yang sama, Bapepam (Badan Pemerintah Pengatur Pasar Modal) mengeluarkan izin agar perusahaan yang terdaftar dapat meluncurkan dan mengelola produk reksa dana kepada publik. Dengan adanya pengetahuan tentang reksa dana, masyarakat kini memiliki alternatif investasi selain pasar uang dan instrumen investasi lainnya. Pemerintah juga memberikan insentif bagi industri new born dengan memberikan kupon obligasi bebas pajak yang dialokasikan pada reksa dana yang bertenor di bawah lima tahun. Hasilnya positif. Nilai Aktiva Bersih dari total aset kelolaan dan jumlah produk reksa dana tumbuh signifikan. Pada tahun 2000, dana kelolaan dan total produk reksa dana masing-masing mencapai Rp 5,5 triliun dan 94. Orang-orang tampaknya mempercayakan dananya kepada manajer investasi yang lebih ahli dalam menciptakan portofolio dengan ekspektasi pengembalian yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kinerja kemampuan manajer investasi dalam mengelola portofolio. Manajemen portofolio dikategorikan oleh 2 strategi: manajemen portofolio aktif dan manajemen portofolio pasif. Pra-asumsi penulisan ini adalah bahwa semua manajer investasi menggunakan strategi manajemen portofolio aktif strategi pasif diasumsikan hanya mengindeks dana ke pasar, maka kinerjanya akan sama dengan pasar itu sendiri. Di sisi lain, strategi aktif memerlukan penelitian saham yang mendalam dan memprediksi perubahan indikator ekonomi makro, yang dikenal sebagai kemampuan pemilihan saham dan market timing.

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Mutual Fund industry is relatively new to Indonesian Industry. It was first introduced in 1996 by PT. BDNI Reksa Dana with asset under management of IDR 300 billion. The first mutual fund product was an closed-end fund meaning that it only could be owned by purchasing through bourse. In other words, the mechanism was same as securities sold in market such as stocks, which had demand and supply and valued as market price. In July of the same year, Bapepam (Capital Market Regulatory Government Agency) issued permits that registered companies could launch and manage mutual fund products to public. Given knowledge about mutual fund, public now have alternative for investment besides money market and other investment instrument. The government also gave incentive for the new born industry by giving tax-free coupon bond allocated in mutual fund that has tenor below five year. The result was positive. The Net Asset Value of total asset under management and the number of mutual fund products grew significantly. By year of 2000, the asset under management and total mutual fund product reached IDR 5.5 trillion and 94 respectively. People seemed to trust their fund to investment manager who had more expertise in creating portfolios with higher expected of return. The purpose of this dissertation is to measure the performance of investment manager ability in managing the portfolios. Portfolio management is categorized by 2 strategies: active portfolio management and passive portfolio management. Pre-assumption this writing is that all investment managers are using active portoflio management strategy the passive strategy assumed only indexing the fund to the market, hence the performance would be the same as the market itself. On the other hand, the active strategies require deep research of stocks and predicting the change in marco-economics indicator, known as the ability of stock selection and market timing."

"Manajer investasi memiliki perbedaan dalam mengelola portofolio reksadana mereka, perbedaan inilah yang kemudian mempengaruhi kinerja reksadana saham. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Petajisto (2013), manajer investasi yang memiliki tingkat keaktifan yang tinggi memiliki potensi memberikan tingkat pengembalian reksadana saham yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat pengembalian indeks acuannya. Sedangkan manajer investasi dengan tingkat keaktifan rata - rata cenderung memberikan kinerja reksadana lebih buruk dibandingkan kinerja indeks acuan. Tesis ini mengukur tingkat keaktifan manajer investasi dalam mengelola portofolio reksadana saham yang beredar di Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja reksadana. Metode pengukuran menggunakan metode active share dan tracking error yang diusulkan oleh Cremers & Petajisto (2009). Dimana dengan metode ini, tingkat keaktifan manajer investasi diukur berdasarkan stock selection dan market timing. Kemudian hasil pengukuran tersebut dibandingkan dengan kinerja reksadana saham. Dengan demikian, dapat dianalisis dampak tingkat keaktifan manajer investasi terhadap kinerja reksadana yang dikelolanya.

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Investment manager have different style in manage their mutual fund portfolio. This difference then give impact on the mutual fund performance. Based on Petajisto (2013) research finding, investment manager with high mutual fund active management tend to deliver high return, while average mutual fund active management tend to deliver low return even below it`s benchmark index. This thesis try to measure investment manager activity in managing their mutual fund portflio in Indonesia, using active share and tracking error propose by Cremers & Petajisto (2009). Where with this metode, active management measure based on stock selection and market timing. The result then compare with Indonesian mutual fund performance to analyse the impact of investment manager activity in managing the mutual fund portfolio."

"Timing belts offer a broad range of innovative drivetrain solutions, they allow low-backlash operation in robot systems, they are widely used in automated processes and industrial handling involving highly dynamic start-up loads, they are low-maintenance solutions for continuous operation applications, and they can guarantee exact positioning at high operating speeds.The author has developed concise guidelines for the dimensioning of timing belt drives and presents proven examples from the fields of power transmission, transport and linear transfer technology. He offers definitive support for dealing with and compensating for adverse operating conditions and belt damage, as well as advice on drive optimization and guidelines for the design of drivetrain details and supporting systems. All market-standard timing belts are listed as brand neutral. Readers will discover an extensive bibliography with information on the various manufacturers and their websites. "

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kinerja, konsistensi kinerja, kemampuan market timing, dan security selection dari reksadana saham di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampel sepuluh reksadana saham yang pernah tercatat sebagai reksadana terbaik di Indonesia dengan periode pengukuran bulan Mei 2011 hingga Desember 2015. Pengukuran kinerja dan konsistensi kinerja reksadana menggunakan Sharpe Ratio dan Information Ratio, sedangkan pengukuran kemampuan market timing dan security selection menggunakan model Terynor-Mazuy, Henriksson-Merton dan Goetzmann- Ingersoll-Ivkovic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reksadana Schroder Dana Prestasi memiliki kinerja dan konsistensi kinerja terbaik. Di samping itu tidak terdapat reksadana yang memiliki kemampuan market timing dan security selection.

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This thesis discusses the performance, consistency of performance, market timing and security selection ability of mutual funds in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative research using a sample of ten equity mutual funds were once listed as the best mutual funds in Indonesia. Measurement of performance and consistency using the Sharpe Ratio and Information Ratio, while the measurement of market timing and security selection using Treynor-Mazuy, Henriksson-Merton and Goetmann-Ingersoll-Ivkovic model. The result showed that Schroder Dana Prestasi have the best in performance and consistency of performance. Besides, there were no funds have the ability of market timing and security selection."

"This is the first time a book about laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery has been published. Numerous articles have been published in specific surgical journals, but, until now, there has not been a book that collates all the aspects of this little-known field. The aim of this volume is to achieve a complete and easy presentation of all the implications associated with laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery. The book should be a manual that can be easily consulted by digestive, general, and specialized surgeons, especially in an emergency. The authors’ contributions are founded on evidence-based medicine, which give the book scientific credibility, but this is coupled with their experience of daily practice, which adds an important complementary dimension to evidence-based medicine. This is balanced by an emphasis on clarity and accessibility, because the ultimate aim of the book is educational. "

"[ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Keputusan relaparotomi yang terlambat menambah morbiditas dan mortalitas. Keputusan on demand relaparotomy bersifat subjektif dari klinis, sehingga diperlukan pemeriksaan diagnostik tambahan dan alat untuk menentukan keputusan secara tepat, yaitu sistem skor. Metode penelitian: kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan 32 kasus on demand relaparotomy dan 64 kasus laparotomi, secara retrospektif. Hasil penelitian: Analisis perbedaan dua kelompok menunjukkan bahwa skor APACHE II tidak mempunyai perbedaan bermakna (p=0,144) sedangkan skor MPI dan ARPI mempunyai perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,0001). Dari kurva ROC didaptkan APACHE II mempunyai AUC 59,2% dengan cut off point 10, MPI mempunyai AUC 86,4% dengan cut off point 20 dan ARPI mempunyai AUC 77,6% dengan cut off point 10. Kesimpulan: MPI dan ARPI bermanfaat sebagai penentu on demand relaparotomy.ABSTRACT Background: Delayed decision to do relaparotomy add morbidity and mortality. The decision to do on demand relaparotomy is subjective based on the clinical nature, therefore, it is necessary to have an examination and additional diagnostic and tools to determine the correct decisions, that is the scoring system. Methods: this is a case-control using 32 cases of on demand relaparotomy and 64 cases of laparotomy, retrospectively. Results: The analysis of the two groups showed that APACHE II has no significant difference (P = 0.114) while the MPI and ARPI has significant difference (P <0.0001) and on ROC curve obtained APACHE II had AUC of 59.2% with a cut-off point of 10, MPI had AUC of 86.4% with a cut-off point of 20 and ARPI had AUC of 77.6% with a cut-off point of 10.

Conclusion: MPI and ARPI can be used as determinants on demand relaparotomy. ;Background: Delayed decision to do relaparotomy add morbidity and mortality. The decision to do on demand relaparotomy is subjective based on the clinical nature, therefore, it is necessary to have an examination and additional diagnostic and tools to determine the correct decisions, that is the scoring system. Methods: this is a case-control using 32 cases of on demand relaparotomy and 64 cases of laparotomy, retrospectively. Results: The analysis of the two groups showed that APACHE II has no significant difference (P = 0.114) while the MPI and ARPI has significant difference (P <0.0001) and on ROC curve obtained APACHE II had AUC of 59.2% with a cut-off point of 10, MPI had AUC of 86.4% with a cut-off point of 20 and ARPI had AUC of 77.6% with a cut-off point of 10.

Conclusion: MPI and ARPI can be used as determinants on demand relaparotomy. ;Background: Delayed decision to do relaparotomy add morbidity and mortality. The decision to do on demand relaparotomy is subjective based on the clinical nature, therefore, it is necessary to have an examination and additional diagnostic and tools to determine the correct decisions, that is the scoring system. Methods: this is a case-control using 32 cases of on demand relaparotomy and 64 cases of laparotomy, retrospectively. Results: The analysis of the two groups showed that APACHE II has no significant difference (P = 0.114) while the MPI and ARPI has significant difference (P <0.0001) and on ROC curve obtained APACHE II had AUC of 59.2% with a cut-off point of 10, MPI had AUC of 86.4% with a cut-off point of 20 and ARPI had AUC of 77.6% with a cut-off point of 10.

Conclusion: MPI and ARPI can be used as determinants on demand relaparotomy. ;Background: Delayed decision to do relaparotomy add morbidity and mortality. The decision to do on demand relaparotomy is subjective based on the clinical nature, therefore, it is necessary to have an examination and additional diagnostic and tools to determine the correct decisions, that is the scoring system. Methods: this is a case-control using 32 cases of on demand relaparotomy and 64 cases of laparotomy, retrospectively. Results: The analysis of the two groups showed that APACHE II has no significant difference (P = 0.114) while the MPI and ARPI has significant difference (P <0.0001) and on ROC curve obtained APACHE II had AUC of 59.2% with a cut-off point of 10, MPI had AUC of 86.4% with a cut-off point of 20 and ARPI had AUC of 77.6% with a cut-off point of 10.

Conclusion: MPI and ARPI can be used as determinants on demand relaparotomy. , Background: Delayed decision to do relaparotomy add morbidity and mortality. The decision to do on demand relaparotomy is subjective based on the clinical nature, therefore, it is necessary to have an examination and additional diagnostic and tools to determine the correct decisions, that is the scoring system. Methods: this is a case-control using 32 cases of on demand relaparotomy and 64 cases of laparotomy, retrospectively. Results: The analysis of the two groups showed that APACHE II has no significant difference (P = 0.114) while the MPI and ARPI has significant difference (P <0.0001) and on ROC curve obtained APACHE II had AUC of 59.2% with a cut-off point of 10, MPI had AUC of 86.4% with a cut-off point of 20 and ARPI had AUC of 77.6% with a cut-off point of 10.

Conclusion: MPI and ARPI can be used as determinants on demand relaparotomy. ]"