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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh durasi penyinaran dengan LED terhadap kebocoran tepi mikro restorasi resin komposit bulk-fill. Tiga puluh gigi premolar dipreparasi pada permukaan oklusal dengan panjang 4 mm, lebar 3 mm, dan kedalaman 4 mm yang disesuaikan dengan anatomi masing-masing gigi. Spesimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok secara acak berdasarkan durasi penyinaran 10 detik, 20 detik, dan 30 detik. Pengukuran kebocoran tepi mikro dilakukan menggunakan metode penetrasi zat warna, larutan methylene blue 1. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis tidak menunjukan perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 pada semua kelompok. Durasi penyinaran tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kebocoran tepi mikro restorasi resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This aims to evaluate the influence of different exposure time on its microleakage. Cavity preparation was perfomed on the occlusal side of thirty human premolar teeth with 4 mm length, 3 mm width, and 4 mm depth. Specimen were randomly divide into three groups according to exposure times 10s, 20s, and 30s. The microleakage was measured using 1 methylene blue. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis. The result showed insignificant differences in all groups p 0,05. Exposure times was not significantly affected the microleakage of bulk fill composite resin restoration. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman minuman yoghurt terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen resin komposit bulk-fill dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu perendaman dengan akuades sebagai kontrol dan minuman yoghurt pH 4,01±0,1 (n=30). Masing-masing kelompok dilakukan perendaman selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n=10). Nilai kekerasan permukaan resin komposit diukur menggunakan Knoop Hardness Tester. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis. Setelah dilakukan perendaman, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada setiap kelompok perendaman. Disimpulkan bahwa penurunan kekerasan lebih besar terjadi pada spesimen yang direndam dengan minuman yoghurt dibandingkan akuades serta kekerasan permukaan resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill semakin menurun seiiring dengan bertambahnya waktu perendaman baik dalam perendaman akuades maupun minuman yoghurt.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of yoghurt drink immersion on the surface hardness of Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin. Sixty bulk-fill composite resin specimens were divided into 2 immersion groups with distilled water as control and yogurt drinks pH 4,01 ± 0,1 (n = 30). Each group was immersed for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n = 10). The value of the composite resin surface hardness was measured using Knoop Hardness Tester. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. After immersion, the results showed that there were significant differences (p <0,05) in entire group. It was concluded that the decrease in surface hardness was greater in the specimens immersed in yogurt drinks than distilled water and the surface hardness of the resin decreased with increasing immersion time in distilled water and yogurt drinks."

"Latar belakang : Resin komposit bulkfill merupakan resin terbaru yang dapat direstorasi dengan kedalaman 4-5 mm dalam sekali penyinaran. Polimerisasi dipengaruhi oleh durasi penyinaran dan besaran irradiansi lightcuring untuk mendapatkan kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure yang optimal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai kekerasan resin komposit dan depth of cure resin komposit Tetric® N- Ceram bulk-fill yang disinari lightcure dengan durasi 5 detik, 10 detik dan 15 detik. Metode Penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 24 spesimen resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 4 mm. Selembar mylar strip diletakkan diatas permukaan resin komposit sebelum dilakukan proses curing. Polimerisasi dilakukan menggunakan Light Curing Unit (LED DBA iLed) selama 5 detik, 10 detik dan 15 detik dengan irradiansi 1100 mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37oC selama 24 jam. Spesimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) yaitu; kelompok resin komposit dengan penyinaran 5 detik, penyinaran 10 detik dan penyinaran 15 detik. Spesimen diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Jepang) dengan beban 100 gram selama 10 detik untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerasan. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Kruskall Wallis dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan kenaikan bermakna nilai kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure pada resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill. Nilai kekerasan dan depth of cure tertinggi terlihat pada resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill pada kelompok penyinaran 15 detik, yaitu sebesar 41,61 ± 1,25 KHN dan 72,71 ± 1,88. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa semakin bertambah durasi penyinaran lightcure yang disinari, semakin bertambah nilai kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill.

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Background : Bulkfill composite resin is the newest resin that can be restored to a depth of 4-5 mm in one step. Polymerization is determined by the irradiation time and the amount of light curing irradiance to obtain optimal microhardness and depth of cure. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the value of the microhardness of the composite resin and the depth of cure of the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk- fill composite resin irradiated by lightcure with a duration of 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 15 seconds. Method: Twenty four specimens of Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill Composite Resin were used in this study. All materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. A piece of mylar strip was placed on the top of the specimens just before the polymerization.. Polymerization was carried out using a Light Curing Unit (LED DBA iLed) for 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 15 seconds with an irradiance of 1100 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37 aquadest solution for 24 hours. Specimens were divided into three groups (n=8) that is; composite resin group with 5 seconds of irradiation, 10 seconds of irradiation and 15 seconds of irradiation. Specimens were tested with HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Jepang) with 100 gram indentation in 10 seconds. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Post-Hoc Mann Whitney to assess the significant differences among groups Result: The results of statistical tests showed a significant increase in the value of microharhardness and depth of cure on Tetric® N-Ceram bulk- fill composite resin. The highest microhardness and depth of cure values were seen in the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin in the 15 second irradiation group, namely 41.61 ± 1.25 KHN and 72.71 ± 1.88. Conclusion: It was concluded that the longer the duration of irradiation of the irradiated lightcure, the higher the microhardness value and depth of cure of the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh durasi penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill ketebalan 3 mm dan diameter 6 mm; warna IVA dan IVW dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok berdasarkan durasi penyinaran 10 detik, 15 detik, dan 20 detik untuk setiap warna. Spesimen dipolimerisasi dengan LED curing unit Bluephase Style, 1.280 mW/cm2 dan diuji kekuatan tarik diametralnya menggunakan uji statistik Universal Testing Machine. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc Tukey HSD. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different exposure time and bulk fill composite shade on its diametral tensile strength. Sixty disc shaped specimens of Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill 3 mm of thickness x 6 mm of diameter shade IVA and IVW were divided into 3 subgroups for each shade according to exposure times 10 s, 15 s, and 20 s . All specimens were polymerized using LED curing unit Bluephase Style, 1.280 mW cm2 and tested using Universal Testing Machine to determine its diametral tensile strength. Data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Tukey test. The result showed a significant differences in all groups."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh durasi penyinaran menggunakan LED dan pemanasan awal menggunakan Micerium ENA Heat terhadap depth of cure resin komposit bulk-fill. Alat dan bahan: Enam puluh spesimen Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Restoratives ketebalan 4 mm dan diameter 3 mm; tanpa dan dengan pemanasan awal pada temperatur 39 C dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok sesuai dengan durasi penyinaran 5 detik, 10 detik, dan 15 detik. Spesimen dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED Curing Unit 3MTM Elipar, 1.200 mW/cm2 dan diuji kekerasan mikro menggunakan Vickers Microhardness Tester Shimadzu, Japan untuk menghitung nilai depth of cure. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskall-Wallis dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney-U.Hasil: Adanya perbedaan yang tidak bermakna p ge;0,05 untuk nilai depth of cure pada keenam kelompok tanpa dan dengan pemanasan awal. Walaupun nilai depth of cure tersebut tidak bermakna namun telah mencapai nilai minimum yaitu ge; 80. Selain itu terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna p.

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Aim Evaluate the influence of different exposure time and pre heating on its depth of cure of bulk fill composite. Methods Sixty cylinder shaped specimens of Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restoratives 4 mm of thickness x 3 mm of diameter with and without pre heating at 39 C were divided into 3 subgroups according to exposure times 5, 10, and 15. All specimens were polymerized using LED Curing Unit 3MTM Elipar, 1.200 mW cm2 and tested using Vickers Microhardness Tester Shimadzu, Japan to determine its microhardness for calculating its depth of cure. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney U test.

Results A no significant differences p ge 0,05 in depth of cure amongst the six groups of non preheated and preheated bulk fill composite. However, all of the groups have reached a minimum value of ge 80 depth of cure. Moreover, there is a significant differences in microhardness in all of the six groups of non preheated and preheated bulk fill composite and between 5 and 15 of exposure times in both groups. Conclusion Exposure times and pre heating at 39 C had an influence on microhardness of bulk fill composite."

"Kebocoran mikro resin komposit proksimal seringkali terjadi pada dinding gingiva. Tujuan studi ini mengevaluasi efek komposit flowable sebagai lapisan antara untuk mengurangi kebocoran mikro pada dinding ginigva. Metode: 30 gigi premolar RA dipreparasi berbentuk boks, restorasi dilakukan pada kelompok 1 dengan resin komposit packable saja (kontrol). Kelompok 2 dengan RK flowable sebagai lapisan antara, setebal 1 mm dan komposit packable di atasnya. Kelompok 3, seperti kelompok 2 namun RK flowable sebagai lapisan antara setebal 2 mm. Setelah dilakukan siklus termal, kebocoran mikro diukur dari penetrasi zat warna metilen biru 1%. Analisis statistik dengan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Kebocoran mikro pada kelompok 1 berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok 2 dan 3. Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok 2 dan 3 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan : Tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding gingiva paling sedikit pada restorasi RK proksimal dengan aplikasi RK flowable pengganti dentin setebal 1 mm namun, ketebalannya tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat kebocoran mikro secara statistik.

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Microleakage of composite restoration in proximal often occurs on gingival wall. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of flowable composite as intermediate layer to reduce microleakage on gingival wall. Materials and Method: Thirty whole-extracted upper premolars were devided into 3 groups. Within a box-like cavities, the first group is restored with packable composite only. Group 2 were restored with flowable composite with 1 mm thickness then restored with incrementally packable composite. Group 3 were restored like group two with flowable composite thickness were 2mm. After thermocycling, the penetration of 1% methylene blue was investigated along the gingival wall. The data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: There were significant difference between group 1 with group 2 and 3. No significant difference found between Group 2 and Group 3. Conclusion: Flowable composite as intermediate layer has influence in reducing the microleakage of gingival wall on proximal composite restoration. Nonetheless the thickness of flowable composite has no influence."

"Latar Belakang : Pada penelitian sebelumnya, iradiasi menggunakan iradiasi pulsa LCU cenderung diikuti dengan suhu cahaya yang relatif rendah sehingga aman untuk pulpa gigi dan telah diaplikasikan untuk polimerisasi resin komposit nanofil dalam waktu 20 detik. berdenyut melawan kekuatan kompresi selama 5, 10, 20 detik. Metode : 60 spesimen resin komposit isi curah silinder diameter 3 mm dan tebal 6 mm, diiradiasi dengan LCU eksperimental iradiasi pulsa dan LCU komersial iradiasi kontinyu sebagai kontrol selama 5, 10, 20 detik. Kemudian direndam dengan air suling selama 24 jam. Spesimen kemudian diuji kuat tekannya menggunakan mesin uji universal (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Jepang) dengan kecepatan crosshead 0,5m/s. Hasil: terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan resin komposit isian curah iradiasidengan LCU eksperimental selama 5, 10, 20 detik, memiliki hasil berturut-turut sekitar 209,43 hingga 241,80 MPa. Kemudian dengan iradiasi kontinyu LCU komersial memiliki hasil berturut-turut sekitar 210,69 hingga 261,72 MPa. Analisis one-way ANOVA dan post hoc bonferroni menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) nilai kuat tekan antara kedua metode penyinaran pada lama waktu yang sama. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada masing-masing metode iradiasi pada durasi yang berbeda. Sementara itu, mendeteksi perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada kekuatan tekan resin komposit pengisian curah dengan penyinaran antara 5 dan 10 detik dan 5 dan 20 detik dengan metode penyinaran kontinu. Kesimpulan: kuat tekan resin komposit bulk fill baik dengan iradiasi pulsa maupun kontinyu selama 5, 10, 20 detik meningkat dengan bertambahnya lama iradiasi, dan iradiasi menggunakan metode pulsa dankuat tekan kontinyu menghasilkan resin komposit bulk fill yang tidak berbeda nyata.Background : In previous studies, irradiation using LCU pulse irradiation tends to be followed by a relatively low light temperature so that it is safe for dental pulp and has been applied to polymerize nanofil composite resins within 20 seconds. pulse against the force of compression for 5, 10, 20 seconds. Methods : 60 specimens of cylindrical bulk-filled composite resin with a diameter of 3 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, were irradiated with pulse irradiation experimental LCU and continuous irradiated commercial LCU as control for 5, 10, 20 seconds. Then soaked with distilled water for 24 hours. The specimens were then tested for compressive strength using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Japan) with a crosshead speed of 0.5m/s. Result: there was an increase in the compressive strength of the irradiated bulk filled composite resin with the experimental LCU for 5, 10, 20 s, had successive yields of about 209.43 to 241.80 MPa. Then with continuous irradiation commercial LCU has successive yields of about 210.69 to 261.72 MPa. One-way ANOVA and post hoc bonferroni analysis showed that the results were not significantly different (p>0.05) in the compressive strength between the two irradiation methods at the same time. There was no significant difference in each irradiation method at different durations. Meanwhile, detecting a significant difference (p<0.05) in the compressive strength of composite resin bulk filling with irradiation between 5 and 10 seconds and 5 and 20 seconds with the continuous irradiation method. Conclusion: the compressive strength of bulk fill composite resins both with pulse and continuous irradiation for 5, 10, 20 seconds increased with increasing irradiation time, and irradiation using pulse and pulse irradiation methods continuous compressive strength resulted in bulk fill composite resin which was not significantly different."

"Latar Belakang: Restorasi resin komposit masih memiliki kekurangan, yaitu terjadinya kebocoran mikro akibat kontraksi saat polimerisasi sehingga dapat menyebabkan kegagalan restorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding restorasi kelas I antara RK packable (RP) dan RK flowable dengan kandungan filer tinggi (RF). Metode: Kavitas kelas I dipreparasi pada tiga puluh dua gigi premolar kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama ditumpat dengan RP, kelompok kedua dengan RF, keduanya ditumpat secara inkremental. Selanjutnya spesimen dilakukan uji thermocycling dan diikuti perendaman dalam biru metilen 1% selama 24 jam. Gigi kemudian dibelah bukolingual dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo pembesaran 14x dan dinilai dalam skala ordinal (0-4). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok RP dan RF (p=0,699). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kebocoran mikro menggunakan RP maupun RF yang ditumpat secara inkremental. Namun secara substansi, RF menunjukkan kebocoran mikro lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan RP.

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Background: Composite resins undergo contraction during polymerization which may result in microleakage and leads to restoration failure. The purpose of this study is to analyze the microleakage of Class I restorations that were filled with packable composite (RP) and high filler flowable composite (RF) incrementally.

Methods: Standardized Class-I cavities were prepared on 32 extracted human premolars and randomly assigned into two groups. The first group were filled with RP and the second group were filled with RF. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling, followed by immersion in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned bucco-ligually and evaluated for microleakage under 14x magnification stereomicroscope and scored in ordinal scale (0-4). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Results: There was no significant difference between group RP and RF (p=0.699).

Conclusion: There is no significance difference between microleakage by RP and RF. But substantially, RF provided less microleakage than RP."

"Latar belakang: Resin komposit Bulk-fill merupakan material tumpatan gigi yang dapat digunakan pada kavitas gigi posterior sedalam 4-5mm dengan satu kali penyinaran. Durasi penyinaran dan metode penyinaran mempengaruhi derajat polimerisasi dari suatu material tumpatan gigi. Sehingga derajat polimerisasi akan mempengaruhi sifat mekanik salah satunya adalah kuat tarik diametral suatu material resin komposit Bulk-fill. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kuat tarik diametral resin komposit Bulk-fill yang disinar menggunakan Light Curing Unit eksperimental metode penyinaran pulsa dan Light Curing Unit komersial metode penyinaran kontinu selama 5 detik, 10 detik dan 20 detik. Metode: Enam puluh spesimen resin komposit Bulk-fill (diameter 6mm dan ketebalan 3mm) yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok metode penyinaran (pulsa dan kontinu) dan 3 kelompok durasi penyinaran (5 detik, 10 detik, 20 detik) dan direndam didalam 5ml akuades kemudian disimpan dalam inkubator 37oC selama 24 jam. Spesimen lalu dilakukan uji kuat tarik diametral menggunakan Universal Testing Machine dengan beban uji sebesar 250kgFdengan crosshead speed 0,5 mm/menit Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan nilai kuat tarik diametral selama 5 detik, 10 detik dan 20 detik pada metode penyinaran pulsa (53,90±8,53 MPa, 54,94±7,68 MPa, 56,18±6,99 MPa) dan metode penyinaran kontinu (53,26±5,78 MPa, 56,40±5,15 MPa, 57,17±5,70 MPa). Uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara durasi penyinaran dan juga metode penyinaran. Kesimpulan: Kuat tarik diametral pada metode penyinaran pulsa memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan metode penyinaran kontinu.

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in posterior tooth cavities as deep as 4-5mm with one curing. The duration and method of curing affect the degree of polymerization of a tooth filling material. Therefore, the degree of polymerization will affect the mechanical properties, one of which is the diametral tensile strength of a Bulk-fill composite resin material. Objective: To determine the diametral tensile strength of Bulk-fill composite resins cured using the experimental Light Curing Unit pulses curing method and commercial Light Curing Units with continuous curing method for 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 20 seconds. Method: Sixty Bulk-fill composite resin specimens (6mm diameter and 3mm thickness) were divided into 2 groups of curing methods (pulses and continuous) and 3 groups of curing duration (5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds) then immersed in 5 ml distilled water and stored in 37oC incubator for 24 hours. Specimens were then tested with diametral tensile strength using a Universal Testing Machine with a test load of 5 kN with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Result: There was an increase in diametral tensile strength values for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, and 20 seconds in the pulse curing method (53.90 ± 8.53 MPa, 54.94 ± 7.68 MPa, 56.18 ± 6.99 MPa) and also an increase in the continuous curing method (53.26 ± 5.78 MPa, 56.40 ± 5.15 MPa, 57.17 ± 5.70 MPa). One-Way ANOVA test showed no significant difference (p> 0.05) between each duration and method of curing. Conclusion: The diametral tensile strength of the pulse curing method has a lower value compared to the continuous irradiation method."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sumber sinar berbeda terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill. Resin komposit bulk-fill Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill dibuat sebanyak 20 spesimen berbentuk lempeng dengan diameter 6 mm dan tebal 3 mm. Spesimen dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok yang disinari dengan sumber sinar QTH dan sumber sinar LED. Uji kekuatan tarik diametral dilakukan dengan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit bulk-fill yang disinari sumber sinar QTH dan LED sebesar 38.62 2.34 dan 42.02 3.21. Hasil uji independent sample T menunjukkan nilai rerata pada kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different light sources on the diametral tensile strength of bulk fill resin composite. Bulk fill resin composite Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill was used to make of 20 disc shape specimens with 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. Specimens were divided into two groups, the two groups were polymerized with using QTH and LED light source curing unit. Diametral tensile strength test was conducted by using a Universal Testing Machine Shimadzu, Japan. The results showed that diametral tensile strength mean value of bulk fill resin composite that were cured with QTH and LED light source were 38.62 2.34 and 42.02 3.21 MPa respectively. Independent sample t test results showed that the mean value of the two groups was significantly different."