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"Empati penting untuk memicu perilaku prososial anak, seperti mengikuti aturan sosial dan terlibat dalam perilaku altruisme. Oleh karena itu, perkembangan empati pada anak penting untuk dinilai agar dapat diantisipasi jika perkembangannya terhambat. Kuesioner Empathy Quotient-Child EQ-C dan Systemizing Quotient-Child SQ-C dapat digunakan untuk menilai keterampilan empati pada anak. Namun, kuesioner tersebut belum ada untuk Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji diagnostik EQ-C dan SQ-C versi Bahasa Indonesia. Studi ini adalah studi potong lintang yang melibatkan 100 siswa/i kelas I-VI SDN 01 Pagi Rawasari beserta orangtuanya. Pengambilan sampel melalui sistem acak. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan berupa uji kesahihan isi, kesahihan construct, kehandalan konsistensi internal, dan kehandalan test-retest. Analisis kesahihan isi menunjukkan pernyataan nomor 17, 23, 32, dan 54 pada EQ-C dan SQ-C versi Bahasa Indonesia tidak sahih. Kesahihan construct yang dianalisa berdasarkan Principal Component Analysis PCA dan uji korelasi Pearson mendapatkan hasil yang baik. Konsistensi internal untuk EQ-C dan SQ-C versi Bahasa Indonesia mendapatkan hasil berupa Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha sebesar 0,82 baik dan 0,66 cukup. Test-retest yang dianalisa berdasarkan Intra-Class Correlation ICC mendapatkan EQ-C dan SQ-C versi Bahasa Indonesia berturut-turut sebesar 0,69 cukup dan 0,79 baik. Dengan demikian EQ-C dan SQ-C versi Bahasa Indonesia sahih dan handal untuk digunakan pada populasi anak di Indonesia.

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Empathy is an important factor for developing prosocial behavior, such as following social rules and engaging in altruism behavior. Therefore, it is needed to be assessed in every children included primary school students. Empathy Quotient Child EQ C and Systemizing Quotient Child SQ C questionnaire is one that could assess empathy and systemizing skills in children. However, it is not validated in Indonesian language. This study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of EQ C and SQ C. This study was a cross sectional study involving 100 students of SDN 01 Rawasari grade 1 6 and their parents. The sample collection was done by simple random sampling. The study tried to identify content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and test retest reliability of Indonesian version of EQ C and SQ C. The results of the study found that Indonesian version of EQ C and SQ C consisted of 51 statements 25 items for EQ C and 26 items for SQ C . The construct validity was good enough based on Principal Component Analysis PCA and Pearson correlation test. Internal consistency of the EQ C and SQ C was good Cronbach's alpha 0.82 and 0.66. Test retest reliability by ICC analysis was 0.69 and 0.79. In conclusion, Indonesian version of EQ C and SQ C is valid and reliable to be used among primary school students."

"Latar Belakang: Kemampuan empati dan sistemisasi sudah berkembang sejak masa kanak. Kedua kemampuan tersebut berkaitan dengan fungsi sosial serta pencapaian akademik pada anak, dapat dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Empathy Quotient (EQ) dan Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Dorongan untuk berempati dan sistemisasi selanjutnya dapat dijelaskan sebagai tipe otak, yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok berdasarkan perbedaan antara nilai EQ dan SQ terstandarisasi dari orang tersebut. Salah satu gangguan psikiatrik yang banyak ditemui pada layanan kesehatan jiwa anak dan remaja adalah GPPH. Adanya GPPH dapat berdampak pada fungsi sosial dan akademis anak. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui perbedaan tipe otak berdasarkan EQ dan SQ pada anak sekolah dasar (SD) dengan dan tanpa GPPH. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel sebanyak 122 orang tua dan anak diambil dari Poli Jiwa Anak dan Remaja Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan dari sekolah dasar di Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner Empathy and Systemizing Quotient for Children (EQ-/SQ-C) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Tipe otak dikelompokkan berdasarkan persentil dari nilai D, yaitu perbedaan antara EQ dan SQ terstandarisasi. Hasil: Tipe otak yang paling banyak ditemui pada anak tanpa GPPH adalah empathy (37,7%), sedangkan pada kelompok anak dengan GPPH adalah systemizing (39,34%). Dari hasil analisis, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada nilai D kedua kelompok (p=0,021). Studi ini juga mendapati perbedaan bermakna pada rerata EQ (p=0,000) dan rerata SQ (p=0,042) antara kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Terdapat kecenderungan tipe otak sistemisasi pada anak SD dengan GPPH, serta terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada rerata EQ dan SQ antara kedua kelompok.

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Background: Empathy and systemizing abilities have developed since childhood. These abilities are related to social and academic achievements in children, can be assessed by using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) questionnaires. The drive to emphatize and systemize can further be described as brain type, which is divided into five groups based on the difference of the individual’s standardized EQ and SQ scores. One of psychiatric disorders commonly found in child and adolescent mental health services is ADHD. ADHD may have an impact on social and academic function in children. This study was conducted to determine the difference of brain type based on EQ and SQ in elementary school children with and without ADHD.

Methods: This is an observational study with cross-sectional study design. Sample of 122 parents and children were included from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, and elementary school in Jakarta. The data were taken using Empathy and Systemizing Quotient for Children (EQ-/SQ-C) questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia. The brain types were classified according to percentile of D score, which is the difference between standardized EQ and SQ.

Results: The most common brain type found in children without ADHD was empathy (37.7%), while in children with ADHD was systemizing (39.34%). From the analysis, there was significant difference in D score between both groups (p=0.021). Significant difference was also found in mean EQ score (p=0.000) and mean SQ score (p=0.042) between both groups.

Conclusion: There was tendency toward systemizing brain types in elementary school children with ADHD. There were also significant differences in mean EQ and SQ score between both groups."

"ABSTRAKGangguan kognitif ringan merupakan gejala awal dari perkembangan penyakit demensia yang dapat dicegah dan diperbaiki. Deteksi MCI menggunakan bantuan informan memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan pemeriksaan langsung ke lansia. Salah satu pemeriksaan berdasarkan informan adalah IQCODE-S. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan adaptasi lintas budaya, uji validitas dan reliabilitas IQCODE-S Bahasa Indonesia.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi adaptasi lintas budaya berdasarkan ketentuan World Health Organization WHO , dilanjutkan uji validitas interna, reliabilitas interna dan reliabilitas test-retest pada 30 pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tahap kedua adalah uji diagnostik. Hasil IQCODE-S dengan titik potong ge;3,19 dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebagai baku emas.Hasil. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi bahasa Indonesia didapatkan melalui proses adaptasi lintas budaya menurut WHO. Hasil uji validitas interna dengan korelasi Spearman didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,382 hingga 0,778. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi interna dengan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha 0,854. Perbedaan nilai koefisien korelasi dan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha antara pemeriksaan pertama dan retest menunjukkan reliabilitas test-retest yang baik. Dari 63 subyek uji diagnostik, proporsi MCI hasil pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebanyak 87,3 . Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki sensitivitas 76,4 dan spesifisitas 87,5 . Kesimpulan. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menapis MCI. Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi tapi belum dapat menjadi alat skrining MCI di komunitas.Kata Kunci. MCI, IQCODE-S versi Indonesia, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji diagnostik.

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ABSTRACTMild cognitive impairment MCI is the most early clinical symptom from the progression stage of dementia which this stage can be prevented or fixed. Detection of MCI by using informant based report has many advantages compared with objective screening test. One of informant based tools is Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly short version IQCODE S . The aim of this study is to develop transcultural adaptation, validity and reliability test and diagnostic test with neuropsychological test of the IQCODE S.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization WHO standards, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test retest in 30 elderly patients within their informants who fulfill the inclusion criteria. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, IQCODE S, with cut off point ge 3,19,will be compared with Neuropsychological test as the gold standard examination for diagnosing MCI.Results. The Indonesian version of IQCODE S was obtained by transcultural adaptation based on WHO standards. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.38 to 0.778 Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach rsquo s Alpha was 0.854. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach rsquo s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test retest reliability. Out of 63 of subjects of diagnostic test, the proportion of MCI using neuropsychological test was 87.3 . With cut off point 3,19, IQCODE S had sensitivity rate of 76,4 and specificity 87,5 .Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the IQCODE S was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate but there should be cut off point determination as screening test so sensitivity could be higher than specificity. Keywords. MCI, IQCODE S Indonesian version, validity and reliability test, diagnostic test. "

"Pasien dengan disfagia rentan mengalami komplikasi seperti pneumonia aspirasi hingga kematian. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alat skrining untuk mendiagnosis disfagia secara cepat. GUSS merupakan alat skrining dengan validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dalam menilai disfagia, namun belum dilakukan uji diagnostik di Indonesia. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari pasien disfagia neurogenik yang kemudian menjalani pemeriksaan GUSS-INA dengan modifikasi bahan uji, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan baku emas FEES. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji diagnostik untuk melihat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas GUSS-INA sebagai metode skrining disfagia. Rerata pasien disfagia neurogenik di RSCM berusia 56 tahun dengan jumlah proporsi laki – laki lebih besar dengan penyebab tersering adalah stroke, dengan komorbid hipertensi (56.5%), dengan komplikasi pneumonia 21.7%. Sebagian besar mengalami disfagia kronik, seluruh pasien mengalami keluhan subjektif disfagia dengan 3 gejala tersering adalah batuk, tersedak, dan sulit menelan terutama konsistensi padat. Lebih dari separuh pasien membutuhkan selang makan. Rerata status gizi pasien menunjukan indeks masa tubuh 24.92, dengan rerata penurunan BB 2 kg. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan pencitraan pasien stroke, lokasi tersering berada supratentorial, dengan derajat stroke sedang. Rerata nilai GUSS 14 (disfagia sedang) pada seluruh subjek, 28.3% mengalami aspirasi. Hasil Uji diagnostik GUSS-INA sebagai alat skrining deteksi disfagia memiliki nilai Sensitivitas 84%, Spesifisitas 78%, NDP 94%, NDN 54% dan AUC 0.86. Modalitas GUSS-INA dapat dijadikan alat skrining disfagia yang cukup baik.

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Patient with dysphagia has the tendency to undergo serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia that can cause increased mortality. Screening tool to effectively diagnose dysphagia in patient with difficulty swallowing is needed. GUSS is a screening tool with good validity and reliability; however, no diagnostic test has been done in Indonesia. This study samples consisted of neurogenic dysphagia patients which underwent GUSS-INA with test material modification assessment followed by FEES as gold standard examination. Diagnostic test was then done to analyze sensitivity and specificity of GUSS-INA as dysphagia screening tool. The average age of neurologenic dysphagia patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was 56 years with higher male proportion, most common etiology was stroke, with most common morbidity being hypertension (56,5%). History of pneumonia was found in 21.7% patients.Majority of patients have chronic dysphagia, all patients had subjective dysphagia complaint with three most common symptoms being cough, choking, and difficulty swallowing especially of solid texture. More than half of the patients needed feeding tube. The average of BMI was 24.93, with average weight loss of 2 kg. Based on radiology results on post-stroke cases, the most common lesion was supratentorial, with moderate stroke score. Average GUSS score is 14 (moderate dysphagia) from all subjects and in 18.3% patients aspiration in found. Diagnostic test result of GUSS-INA as screening tool for neurogenic dysphagia had 84% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 94% PPV, 54% NPV, and AUC of 0.86. GUSS-INA could be used as a screening tool for dysphagia."

"Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini digunakan untuk menentukkan validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner C-OIDP pada anak SMP dengan rentang usia 12-15 tahun di Wilayah DKI Jakarta. Metode: Versi Bahasa dari C-OIDP dibentuk sesuai dengan pedoman proses adaptasi cross-cultural. Penelitian dilakukan pada 502 anak usia 12 - 15 tahun dari enam SMP Negeri di Jakarta yang dipilih secara acak. Tes psikometrik mencakup konsistensi internal, reliabilitas test-retest, validitas diskriminan, dan validitas konvergen. Hasil: mean usia subyek penelitian adalah 13.3 tahun (SD ± 0.9) dan 54% subyek penelitian merupakan perempuan. Mean C-OIDP dari peserta adalah 3.49, (SD ±5.61). Konsistensi internal dan reliabilitas test-retest C-OIDP dengan nilai Chronbach’s alpha 0.72 dan intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.61. anak-anak dengan decay aktif, PUFA positif, rongga mulut tidak bersih, atau gingivitis memiliki skor C-OIDP yang lebih rendah secara signifikan (P ≤ 0.001). Dua per tiga (64.9%) dari sampel memiliki paling sedikit satu dampak oral yang berpengaruh pada performa keseharian. Kesimpulan: C-OIDP versi Bahasa Indonesia berhasil dibuat untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen OHRQoL pada anak-anak usia 12-15 di Indonesia.

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Obejctives: The aim of this study is to assess validity and reliability an Indonesian Version of C-OIDP in among 12-15 years old high-school-children in Jakarta.

Method: The Indonesian version of C-OIDP was developed according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process. The Indonesian version was tested for reliability and validity on random sample of 502, 12–15 years old school children in Jakarta. Psychometric analysis of the Indonesian Child-OIDP involved construct validity tests as well as internal and test-retest reliability.

Result: Mean age of the participants was 13.3, (SD± 0.9) and 46% of the student are males, 54% are females. Crohnbach’s alpha value was 0.72. In terms of test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.61. Two-third (64.9%) of the sample had oral impact affecting one or more performances in the past 3 months. The mean of C-OIDP score was 3.49 (SD±5.61). The construct validity was confirmed by C-OIDP scores being significantly associated with oral health condition.The Spearman’s correlation coefficients significant (all p<0.001).

Conclusion: This study indicates that the Indonesian Child-OIDP index is a valid and reliable measure to be used as an OHRQoL index among 12–15 years old children in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Gangguan cemas menyeluruh (GCM) merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan ansietas tersering pada populasi epilepsi yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup, sehingga deteksi dini sangatlah penting. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) merupakan instrumen penapis GCM satu-satunya yang pernah divalidasi pada pasien epilepsi, yaitu di Korea dengan titik potong ≥7. Instrumen GAD-7 dapat dikerjakan pasien sendiri kurang dari 3 menit, sehingga cocok digunakan di poliklinik neurologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kuesioner GAD-7 versi bahasa Indonesia yang valid, reliabel dan akurat untuk menapis GCM pada pasien epilepsi dewasa.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi adaptasi lintas budaya berdasarkan ketentuan World Health Organization (WHO), uji validitas isi berdasarkan penilaian pakar mengenai relevansi butir pertanyaan GAD-7 hasil adaptasi, dilanjutkan uji validitas interna, reliabilitas interna dan reliabilitas test-retest pada 30 pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tahap kedua adalah uji diagnostik. Hasil GAD-7 dengan titik potong ≥7 dibandingkan dengan wawancara Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) sebagai baku emas.Hasil. Koefisien validitas isi berdasarkan metode Martuzua dari GAD-7 hasil adaptasi bahasa Indonesia adalah 0,847. Hasil uji validitas interna dengan korelasi Spearman didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,648 hingga 0,800 (p<0,01). Uji reliabilitas konsistensi interna dengan Cronbach?s Alpha 0,867. Perbedaan nilai koefisien korelasi dan Cronbach?s Alpha antara pemeriksaan pertama dan retest menunjukkan reliabilitas test-retest yang baik. Dari 146 subyek uji diagnostik, prevalensi GCM hasil pemeriksaan MINI ICD-10 sebesar 16,4%. Dengan titik potong ≥7, GAD-7 memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 84,4%. Kesimpulan. Kuesioner GAD-7 versi Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menapis GCM. Dengan titik potong ≥7, GAD-7 memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi untuk menapis GCM pada pasien epilepsi dewasa.ABSTRACT Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7.;Background. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common type among anxiety disorders in epilepsy population that can impaired patients quality of life. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a screening tool for detecting GAD that has been validated in epilepsy patients in Korea with cut-off point ≥7. The GAD-7 could be filled by the patients themselves in less than three minutes; hence, it is appropriate to be used in the neurology outpatient setting. The objective of this study is to obtain a valid, reliable, and accurate GAD-7 in Indonesian language as a screening tool of GAD in adult epilepsy patients.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization standards, content validity test based on expert consideration regarding the relevance of GAD-7 question items, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test-retest in 30 epilepsy patients. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, the GAD-7 with cut off point ≥7 will be compared with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview International Classification of Diseases-10 (MINI ICD-10) as the gold standard examination for diagnosing GAD.Results. Content validity coefficient of GAD-7 adapted version based on Martuzua method was 0.847. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.648 to 0.800 (p< 0.01). Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach?s Alpha was 0.867. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach?s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test-retest reliability. Out of 146 subjects of diagnostic test, the prevalence of GAD using MINI ICD-10 was 16.4%. With cut off point >7, GAD-7 had sensitivity 100% and specificity 84.4%.Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the GAD-7 was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate as a screening tool for GAD in adult epilepsy patient with cut off point ≥7."

"Introduksi: Gangguan cemas merupakan salah satu gangguan yang sering terjadi pada anak dan remaja. Gangguan cemas dapat berdampak terhadap fungsi sosial maupun fungsi akademik seperti penghindaran sekolah, penurunan performa akademis hingga kejadian terhentinya sekolah. Oleh karena itu, sesuai rekomendasi American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, deteksi dini gangguan cemas pada anak dan remaja penting untuk dilakukan, agar tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif yang lebih berat di kemudian hari. Salah satu kuesioner self-report untuk deteksi dini gangguan cemas pada anak dan remaja adalah Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Child Version. Kuesioner ini terdiri dari 41 item dengan waktu pengisian 8 – 10 menit, namun saat ini belum tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Objektif: Memperoleh SCARED Child Version versi Indonesia yang sahih secara isi dan andal. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang dengan tujuan uji validitas isi dan uji reliabilitas. Uji validitas isi dilakukan dengan melibatkan sembilan orang ahli. Uji reliabilitas yang dilakukan adalah uji konsistensi internal pada 123 subjek yang terpilih secara random sampling di dua sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) dan dua sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Hasil: Uji validitas isi kuesioner SCARED Child Version versi Indonesia mendapatkan rerata nilai CVR/Ave sebesar 0,88 dan S-CVI/Ave sebesar 0,94. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi internal kuesioner SCARED Child Version versi Indonesia mendapatkan nilai total Cronbach’s Alpha total sebesar 0,927 dan nilai ICC sebesar 0,928. Simpulan: SCARED Child Version versi Indonesia dapat menjadi alat ukur yang memiliki kesahihan isi (validitas isi) dan keandalan (reliabilitas) yang baik untuk mendeteksi dini gangguan cemas pada remaja.

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Introduction: Anxiety disorders are one of the most common disorders in children and adolescents. Anxiety disorders can have an impact on social function and academic function, such as school avoidance, decreasing academic performance and drop out of school. Therefore, according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, early detection of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents is important, to prevent more severe negative impacts. One of the self-report questionnaires for early detection of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents is the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Child Version. This questionnaire consists of 41 items and can be completed in 8 – 10 minutes, but currently it is not yet available in Indonesian. Objective: To obtain a valid and reliable Indonesian version of SCARED Child Version. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design, with the aim of testing content validity and reliability. Content validity test was performed by involving nine experts. Reliability test was assessed by measurement of internal consistency, carried out on 123 subjects selected by random sampling from two middle schools and two high schools. Results: The content validity test of the Indonesian version of the SCARED Child Version resulted in CVR/Ave value of 0.88 and S-CVI/Ave of 0.94. The internal consistency reliability test of the Indonesian version of the SCARED Child Version resulted in a total Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.927 and an ICC value of 0.928. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the SCARED Child Version showed a good content validity and good reliability as a measuring tool for early detection of anxiety disorders in adolescents."

"Tujuan: Reliabilitas dan validitas kuesioner COHIP-SF 19 versi Bahasa Indonesia. Metode: Dibuat berdasarkan pedoman proses adaptasi cross-cultural. Penelitian dilakukan pada 548 anak usia 12 - 15 tahun dari enam SMP Negeri di Jakarta yang dipilih secara acak. Tes psikometrik mencakup konsistensi internal, reliabilitas test-retest, validitas diskriminan, dan validitas konvergen. Hasil: Mean usia subjek penelitian adalah 13,3 tahun (SD 0,9) dan 54% subjek penelitian merupakan perempuan. Mean COHIP-SF 19 adalah 57,8 (SD 8,8) dan mediannya adalah 58 (rentang 27 - 75). Konsistensi internal dan reliabilitas test-retest COHIP-SF 19 sangat baik dengan nilai Chronbach’s alpha 0,83 dan intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0,81. Anak-anak dengan decay aktif, PUFA positif, rongga mulut tidak bersih, atau gingivitis memiliki skor COHIP-SF 19 yang lebih rendah secara signifikan (P ≤ 0,030). Korelasi antara skor COHIP-SF 19 dan masing-masing domain, dengan tingkat keparahan klinis dan penilaian diri terhadap kesehatan umum atau kesehatan rongga mulut setelah disesuaikan dengan usia, jenis kelamin, dan sekolah sangat rendah hingga rendah (│rs│ = 0,04 – 0,27, P ≤ 0,028). Kesimpulan: COHIP-SF 19 versi Bahasa Indonesia berhasil dibuat untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen OHRQoL pada anak-anak usia sekolah di Indonesia. Konsistensi internal, reliabilitas test-retest, validitas diskriminan, dan validitas konvergen COHIP-SF 19 versi Bahasa Indonesia sudah dibuktikan.

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Objectives: Assessing reliability and validity of COHIP-SF 19 Indonesian version.

Methods: Developed according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process. The instrument was tested among 548 children age 12 – 15 years old, from randomly selected six junior high school in Jakarta. The psychometric test include internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity.

Results: Mean age of the participants was 13,3 years (SD 0,9) and 54% of the participants were girls. The mean score was 57,8 (SD 8,8) and the median was 58 (range 27-75). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability was excellent with Chronbach’s alpha 0,83 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0,81. Children with active decay, positive PUFA, not clean oral cavity, or gingivitis had significantly lower scores (P ≤ 0,030). Correlation between COHIP-SF 19 score, subscale scores and clinical severity as well as self-rated general or oral health were very low to low (│rs│ = 0,04 - 0,27, P ≤ 0,028), after adjustment for children’s age, gender, and school.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of COHIP-SF 19 was successfully developed to be used as an OHRQoL instrument for Indonesian school-age children. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of COHIP-SF 19 Indonesian version were confirmed."

"Latar belakang. Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan psikiatri yang sering terjadi pada pasien epilepsi. Prevalensinya adalah 20-80%. Depresi bukan merupakan suatu pemeriksaan yang rutin dilakukan di poliklinik neurologi karena membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, sehingga banyak pasien yang tidak terdiagnosis dan akhirnya tidak terobati, untuk itu diperlukan pemeriksaan yang singkat. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for-Epilepsi (NDDI-E) merupakan pemeriksaan skrining depresi yang terdiri dari 6-aitem. Tujuan. Menentukan akurasi dan titik potong NDDI-E versi Indonesia sebagai skrining depresi pada pasien epilepsi dewasa. Metode. Penelitian uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di poliklinik epilepsi RSCM. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada semua pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pasien mengisi sendiri formulir NDDI-E tanpa bantuan orang lain. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan the International Neuropsychiatric Interview Mini ICD-10 (MINI-ICD10) sebagai standar baku. Hasil. Dari 105 orang subyek penelitian terdapat 23 orang mengalami gangguan depresi mayor berdasarkan MINI-ICD 10. Didapatkan kurva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) yang mendekati 100%, titik potong 11, dengan Sensitifitas 91,3% Spesifisitas 89% PPV 70% dan NPV 97,3%. Secara statistik NDDI-E versi Indonesia masuk dalam klasifikasi yang kuat, karena nilai Area Under the Curve (AUC) 97,5% dengan interval kepercayaan (95%CI 95%-99%). Kesimpulan. NDDI-E versi Indonesia memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi untuk menentukan gangguan depresi mayor pada pasien epilepsi dewasa pada titik potong 11.

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Background. Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in epilepsy. The prevalence is 20-80%. The depression is not a routinely assessed in neurology clinics, because the assestment takes a long time. So, many patients are under diagnosed and untreated. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for-Epilepsy (NDDI-E) is a depression screening examination consist of only 6-aitem.

Purpose. To determine the accuracy and cut-off point of NDDI-E Indonesian version as a screening depression examination for adult epilepsy patients.

Method. Diagnostic test study was conducted at epilepsy clinic on RSCM. All the epilepsy patient who met the inclusion criteria was examined. The patient took the NDDI-E Indonesian version as a self assesment. Then there were assest with used the International Neuropsychiatric Interview Mini ICD-10 (MINI-ICD10) as a gold standar.

Results. From the 105 subjects, there were 23 people suffered from major depression by MINI-ICD10. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve obtained which is close to 100%, cut-off point at 11, with Sensitivity 91.3% Specificity 89% PPV 70% and NPV of 97.3%. It was statistically classified as strong because the value of Area Under the Curve (AUC) is 97.5% with a confidence interval (95% CI 95% -99%).

Conclusion. NDDI-E Indonesian version has a high accuracy to determine major depressive disorder in adult epilepsy patients with the cut-off point at 11."