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"ABSTRAKPenyebaran HIV dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deterministik kedalam sistem persamaan diferensial biasa tidak linier berdimensi tujuh, pada skripsi ini dibuat model matematika penyebaran HIV dengan intervensi ART. Pada model sederhana yaitu ketika tidak dilakukan intervensi ART, titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat ditentukan secara analitik dengan basic reproduction number. Kriteria kestabilan lokal dari titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat dianalisis. Titik keseimbangan endemik ada ketika nilai basic reproduction number lebih besar dari satu. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas dari basic reproduction number pada model lengkap model dengan intervensi ART , dengan memperbesar laju intervensi ART pada manusia yang terinfeksi HIV akan menurunkan basic reproduction number. Simulasi numerik dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi ART dalam mengurangi total manusia terinfeksi selama periode intervensi.

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ABSTRACTHIV spreads can be modeled using a deterministic approach into a seven dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equation, in this thesis establish a mathematical model for the spread of HIV with an intervention of ART treatment. In a simplified model, when no ART treatment implemented, disease free and the endemic equilibrium points were established analytically along with the basic reproduction number. The local stability criteria of disease free equilibrium and the existing criteria of endemic equilibrium analyzed. The endemic equilibrium exists when basic reproduction number is larger than one. From the sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number of the complete model model with ART treatment , the enlarging number of the infected human who following the ART treatment program will reduce basic reproduction number. The numerical simulation of the autonomous system to show how treatment intervention of ART impacts the reduction of the infected population during intervention time period."

"Lingkungan bisnis dan industri yang dinamis dan berubah sangat cepat menyebabkan Continuous Innovation Capability (CIC), yang adalah ability to continuously innovate sangat dibutuhkan oleh industri manufaktur agar dapat bertahan dan memiliki daya saing tinggi. Cara atau metode untuk mengukur dan memonitor CIC menjadi sangat penting dan strategis bagi suatu perusahaan agar dapat memastikan bahwa aktivitas inovasi dikerjakan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengembangkan suatu model pengukuran Continuous innovation capabilities (CIC) yang lebih komprehensif dan holistik pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia.Proses penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap, yakni: (1) identifikasi dan seleksi Continuous Innovation Capability Enablers (CICEs), (2) perancangan model pengukuran CIC, dan (3) validasi model pengukuran. Identifikasi initial CICEs menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dan focus group discussion. Sedangkan proses seleksi CICEs menggunakan Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Pada tahapan perancangan model, metode Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) digunakan untuk menggambarkan contextual relationship antar CICEs, metode matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to classification (MICMAC) untuk mengklasifikasi driving and dependence power dari CICEs dan metode Analytical Network Process (ANP) untuk menetukan bobot masing-masing CICEs dan dimensi pengukuran. Penentuan kriteria dan indikator untuk masing-masing CICEs dikembangkan berbasis pada 3 elemen pengukuran inovasi, yakni: potensi, proses dan hasil inovasi, sedangkan pengembangan model matematis perhitungan skor CIC dikembangkan berbasis pada metode multi-faktor. Evaluasi dan validasi model pengukuran dilakukan dengan metode multiple case study. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi dan menentukan 16 CICEs, 50 kriteria, 103 indikator pengukuran dan mengembangkan model matematis perhitungan skor CIC yang sesuai dengan karakteristik industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Model pengukuran CIC telah di ujicoba pada 2 industri manufaktur skala besar, yakni industri otomotif dan elektronik. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa model pengukuran CIC dapat digunakan dengan baik dan valid. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor kepemimpinan, iklim dan budaya, dan kapabilitas teknologi informasi merupakan faktor CICEs yang memiliki driving power tertinggi dan dependence power terendah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa upaya pengembangan kapabilitas inovasi secara terus menerus di industri manufaktur Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor kepemimpinan, faktor iklim dan budaya dan kapabilitas teknologi informasi. Model CIC adalah sebuah model baru pengukuran kapabilias inovasi yang holistic karena sepenuhnya menerapkan tiga elemen prinsip dasar pengukuran kapabilitas inovasi, mengukur kapabilitas inovasi seluruh dimensi penting yang ada dalam suatu perusahaan, dan dapat menjelaskan pola hubungan antar CICEs.

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To face the rapidly changing industrial environment, the manufacturing industry requires Continuous Innovation Capability (CIC). CIC which is the ability to continuously innovate, is needed by the manufacturing industry today so that the industry can have high competitiveness and continue to survive, by continuously producing new products, new processes, new service systems, and new business models that are always relevant to the market needs. Innovation is a process that requires continuous, envolving and mastered management. Therefore companies must to measure their continuous innovation capability. This research aims to design a more holistic measurement model for CIC of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia.

The development of this CIC model was conducted through three stages of research, i.e. identification of Continuous Innovation Capability Enablers (CICEs), development of measurement model, followed by model evaluation and validation. The Identification of CICEs used a systematic literature review and a focus group discussion. The selection process for CICEs employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method. To develop a measurement model, contextual relationships between CICEs were assessed using Total interpretive Structural Modelling, followed by measurements of CICEs weights with the Analytical Network Process method. Then, assessment indicators for each CICEs and criteria were determined as well as a mathematical model to measure CIC scores. Model evaluation and validation were performed in two case studies: in the automotive and electronic industries.

This research produced 16 CICEs, 50 criteria and 103 assessment indicators; as well as a mathematical model to measure CIC scores. The validation process showed that the currently developed model was deemed valid. This research highlighted that in order to develop continuous innovation in the Indonesian manufacturing industry, they should begin with strengthening the capabilities of leadership, establishing a strong and conducive climate and culture for innovation, and investing significantly in developing IT capability. The CIC model is a new holistic measurement model; it integrates three fundamental elements of CI capability measurement, considering all the important dimensions in a company, and is also able to explain contextual relationships between measured factors

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"This book collects recent developments in nonlinear and complex systems. It provides up-to-date theoretic developments and new techniques based on a nonlinear dynamical systems approach that can be used to model and understand complex behavior in nonlinear dynamical systems. It covers symmetry groups, conservation laws, risk reduction management, barriers in Hamiltonian systems, and synchronization and chaotic transient. Illustrating mathematical modeling applications to nonlinear physics and nonlinear engineering, the book is ideal for academic and industrial researchers concerned with machinery and controls, manufacturing, and controls.· Introduces new concepts for understanding and modeling complex systems;· Explains risk reduction management in complex systems;· Examines the symmetry group approach to understanding complex systems;· Illustrates the relation between transient chaos and crises."

"Human Immunode ciency virus HIV adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Virus ini merusak sel imun, khususnya sel CD4, yaitu sel yang membantu sistem imun melawan infeksi penyakit. HIV dapat menular dari manusia ke manusia lainnya melalui kontak seksual, injeksi jarum suntik, dan penularan secara vertikal penularan dari ibu penderita HIV/AIDS kepada bayi yang dikandungnya. Model penyebaran penyakit HIV/AIDS dengan melibatkan penularan secara vertikal dibahas dalam skripsi ini. Model deterministik dibuat dengan menggunakan sistem persamaan diferensial biasa berdimensi empat dengan kelahiran individu dinyatakan dalam bentuk nonlinear yang bergantung pada semua kompartemen. Masing-masing kelompok individu dari model tersebut yaitu, kelompok individu rentan S, kelompok individu terinfeksi tahap akut I, kelompok individu terinfeksi tahap kronis P dan kelompok individu terinfeksi tahap AIDS A. Dilakukan kajian analitik dan numerik pada model ini sehingga diperoleh titik keseimbangan dan basic reproduction number R0. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas R0 dan simulasi numerik, penularan secara vertikal memiliki peran penting dalam strategi pengendalian HIV.

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Human Immunode ciency virus HIV is a virus that attacks the human immune system. This virus destroy simmune cells,especially CD4 cells,that help the immune system ght off infectious diseases. HIV can be transmitted from human to human through sexual contact, injection of needles, and vertical transmission transmission from HIV AIDS mothers to their babies. The spread of HIV AIDS by involving vertical transmission is discussed in this thesis. The deterministic model is made by using a four dimensional differential equation system in which individual births are expressed in a nonlinear form that depends on all compartments. Individual groups of the model are the susceptible individual group S, the acute group of infected individuals I, the group of chronically infected individuals P and the AIDS infected individual group A. Analytical and numerical studies were performed on this model to obtain equilibrium point and basic reproduction number R0. Basedon sensitivity analysis R0 and numerical simulations, vertical transmission has an important role in HIV control strategies."

"This monograph covers all important issues of terminal ballistics in a comprehensive way combining experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical modeling. It uses a unique approach to numerical simulations as sensitivity measure for the major physical parameters.In the first chapter, the book includes necessary details about the experimental equipment which are used for ballistic tests. The second chapter covers essential features of the codes which are used in recent years all over the world, the Euler vs. Lagrange schemes, meshing techniques etc. The third chapter, devoted to the penetration mechanics of rigid rods, brings the update of modeling in this field. The fourth chapter deals with plate perforation and the fifth chapter deals with the penetration of shaped charge jets and eroding long rods. The last chapter includes several techniques for the disruption and defeating of the main threats in armor design. Throughout the book the authors demonstrate the advantages of the simulation approach in understanding the basis physics behind the investigated phenomena."

"Skripsi ini membahas ambiguitas diagram dalam arsitektur dan mengembangkan teoridiagram sebagai kontinuum. Studi ini mengeksplorasi konsep ini denganmengembangkan sistem kontinuum Dortdivanlioglu dengan mengajukan kontinuatambahan untuk kemudian dirancang sebagai sistem kontinuum. Sistem ini kemudianditerapkan dalam diagram Zaha Hadid melalui pendekatan analisa gambar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kecenderungan sifat fungsional/form-finding/inskriptif dalamdiagram Zaha Hadid, dan potensi untuk sistem kontinuum yang lebih luas dan kompleksuntuk identifikasi diagram lebih lanjut

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This undergraduate thesis discusses the ambiguity of architectural diagrams and

attempts to conceptualize the diagram as a continuum. This study approaches this

concept by improving Dortdivanlioglu's continuum system via the proposal of

additional continua to form a continuum system. This continuum system is then applied

to Zaha Hadid's diagram via image analysis. The result of this research shows the

tendency to functional/ form-finding/ inscriptive traits in Zaha Hadid's diagrams and the

potential for a broader and more complex continuum system for further identification"

"HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit menular yang menyerang sistem immun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan memahami berbagai pengalaman pasien HIV/AIDS dengan TB dalam mengkonsumsi obat antiretroviral dan anti tuberculosis. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan kepada enam orang partisipan. Analisis data dengan menggunakan metode Colaizzi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tujuh tema, yaitu pengalaman minum obat, perubahan fisiologi, perubahan psikologi, perubahan sosiologi, permasalahan ekonomi, pengalaman di pelayanan kesehatan serta spirit dan spiritualitas. Berdasarkan tema yang dihasilkan, disarankan agar perawat dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang komprehensif dan holistik mencakup biopsikososial spiritual pada pasien karena mereka mengalami perubahan-perubahan besar dengan HIV/AIDS.

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HIV / AIDS is an infectious disease that attacks the immune system. This study aims to explore and understand the various experiences of HIV / AIDS with TB patients in consuming antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drugs. Qualitative research method with phenomenological approach used in this study. In-depth interviews carried out to six participants. Analysis of the data by using Colaizzi method. This research identify seven themes, namely experience taking medication, changes in physiology, psychology changes, changes in sociology, economic problems, experience in health car and spirit & spiritualit. Based on the theme generated, it is recommended that nurses can provide a comprehensive and holistic biopsychosocial spiritual nursing care cover to patients as they undergo major changes with HIV / AIDS."

"Gas sintesis dapat dihasilkan salah satunya dengan cara reaksi oksidasi parsial dari metana (CH4). Agar gas sintesis yang dihasilkan optimal, yaitu tidak ada reaktan yang tersisa, maka perlu diketahui rasio jumlah mol yang tepat dari reaktannya, yaitu O2 dan CH4. Selain itu juga perlu dilakukan analisa apakah akan terbentuk senyawa karbon padat. Untuk menentukan rasio tersebut dilakukan pemodelan matematika berupa sistem persamaan nonlinear (SPNL) yang berdasarkan pada asumsi-asumsi yang berlaku pada reaksi tersebut. Metode Newton digunakan untuk mencari solusi approksimasi dari SPNL. Dengan menggunakan metode Newton, rasio O2 dan CH4 yang optimal adalah 0.576715 dan tidak ada kecenderungan terbentuk senyawa karbon padat."

"Mathematical modeling he ability to apply mathematical concepts and techniques to real-life systems as expanded considerably over the last decades, making it impossible to cover all of its aspects in one course or textbook. Continuum Modeling in the Physical Sciences provides an extensive exposition of the general principles and methods of this growing field with a focus on applications in the natural sciences. The authors present a thorough treatment of mathematical modeling from the elementary level to more advanced concepts.Most of the chapters are devoted to a discussion of central issues such as dimensional analysis, conservation principles, balance laws, constitutive relations, stability, robustness, and variational methods, and are accompanied by numerous real-life examples. Readers will benefit from the exercises placed throughout the text and the Challenging Problems sections found at the ends of several chapters. The last chapter is devoted to extensively worked-out case studies in polymer dynamics, fiber spinning, water waves, and waveguide optics."