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"Proses kerja pada area Hydro Cracking Complex HCC memiliki risiko bahaya kesehatan kimia dan fisika bagi pekerja. Penelitian ini menilai gambaran bahaya risiko kesehatan dan Health Risk Assessment HRA dengan menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif untuk menentukan skor durasi, eksposure, konsekuensi, dan likelihood yang selanjutnya akan dihitung dalam Risk Assessment Matriks RAM . Pedoman yang digunakan untuk menghitung yaitu International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association IPIECA dan International Association of Oil Gas Producers OGP tahun 2006.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan proritas pengendalian risiko di area HCC bahaya kesehatan fisika dan kimia berada pada 4 tingkat yaitu: tidak perlu dilakukan tindakan segera, prioritas pertama, kedua, dan ketiga untuk dilakukan tindakan.Penilaian HRA menunjukkan terdapat bahaya fisika berupa bahaya pencahayaan, heat stress, dan bising. Sedangkan bahaya kimia yang ditemukan yaitu uap Hidrocarbon, Fuel Gas CO, Fuel Gas H2S, Fuel Gas CO2, Ammonia NH3 , Benzene Toluene Xylene BTX , Soda Api NaOH , Katalis, Steam H2, Ceceran fuel oil, N2, SO2, LPG, Indoor Air Quality CO, CO, O2,Nox, SOx , dan Lube oil. Tingkat risiko bahaya kesehatan dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan hirarki kontrol, yaitu dengan mengeliminasi bahaya, menambah intensitas cahaya, pembatasan area kerja, rotasi pekerja, penggunaan APD yang sesuai, dan perhitungan kadar paparan bahan kimia.

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Working processess at Hydro Cracking Complex HCC have chemical dan physical hazards for the workers. This study asssessed about health risk hazard and Health Risk Assessment HRA by using semiquantitative method to determine score, exposure, consequence, and likelihood, then we rsquo ll calculate them into Risk Assessment Matriks RAM . The guideline that we use is from International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association IPIECA and the International Association of Oil Gas Producers OGP.

Based on the calculation we found 4 level of risk hazard control for chemical dan physical hazards, there are, no need immediate action, first, second, and third priority of action.HRA result shows there are some physical hazards, lighting, heat stress and noise. There were also found chemical hazards, they are Hidrocarbon, Fuel Gas CO, Fuel Gas H2S, Fuel Gas CO2, Ammonia NH3 , Benzene Toluene Xylene BTX , NaOH, Katalis, Steam H2, fuel oil, N2, SO2, LPG, Indoor Air Quality CO, CO, O2,Nox, SOx , and Lube oil. The level of risk can be reduced by applying control of hierarchy, such as eliminating hazard, increasing light intensity, limiting working area, worker rotation, using appropriate PPE, and measure chemical hazard exposure."

"Penelitian ini tentang health risk assessment pada kegiatan produksi yang dilakukan di area Stasiun Pengumpul A (SP A) dan Stasiun Pengumpul Utama B (SPUB) PT X tahun 2014. Penilaian risiko kesehatan dilakukan dengan dengan menganalisis nilai potensi dari bahaya yang ada (P), Frekuensi pajanan (F), Durasi (D), Risiko Awal (RA), Upaya Perlindungan (UP) dan Risiko Risidual (RR) untuk mengetahui level risiko kesehatan yang ada pada setiap kegiatan kerja. metode penelitian ini adalah semikuantitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penilaian risiko menunjukkan bahwa pada kegiatan di area SP A yaitu pengukuran volume tangki di tangki produksi 7 (benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, pasta gasoline), di tangki 4 dan 6 (pasta gasoline), pengoprasian pompa transfer, compressor (bising) memiliki risiko kesehatan tinggi. Sedangakn di area SPU B pajanan kebisingan pada pompa transfer memiliki risiko medium.

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This Health Risk Assessment research that was held at Oil Station A (SP A) and Primary Oil Station B (SPU B) PT X Years 2014. Health risk assessment was conducted by analyzing the value potential of hazard (P), Frequency rate of exposure (F), Duration (D), level of risk (RA), Prevention means (UP) and Residual Risk (RR) from every job activity. This study is a semi quantitative method by observation and data collection. The result of this risk assessment indicated that in SP A activity, measuring the volume of tank in tank production 7 (benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, gasoline pasta), in tank 4 and 6 (gasoline past), in transfer pump and compressor (noisy) has a high risk. While in the area SPU B noise exposure in transfer pump that have a medium risk."

"Penelitian ini membahas pelaksanaan Health Risk Assessment di PT X Area OperasiBagian Utara. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji data hasil ukur dosis personal selama 1 periodepengukuran tahun 2015 – 2017 dan melakukan penilaian risiko kesehatan dengan metodeanalisis semi-kuantitatif dengan mengacu Risk Assessment Matrix IPIECA & OGP 2006.Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi 9 SEG, namun setelah dikaji secara kuantitatifterdapat SEG yang perlu diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa sub-group dan health hazardhanya mengacu pada dokumen sekunder sebanyak 10 health hazard. Terdapat keragamanhasil ukur dosis personal dalam 1 SEG menunjukkan salah satu kelemahan pengklasifikasianSEG yang hanya mengacu jabatan pekerjaan saja. Residual Risk Level pada setiap SEGuntuk seluruh bahaya gas (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) berada pada tingkatanlow risk, kecuali untuk H2S yang masuk kategori medium risk. Sementara noisediklasifikasikan low risk pada SEG GS Operator, MWT Operator, Gas Operator, Welder,Company Representative dan noise masuk medium risk pada sebagian SEG Technician shopterutama pada saat pekerjaan metalizing.Risk level bahaya H2S tidak dapat diturunkan menjadi Low mengingat tingkatseverity berada pada tingkatan high (4). Penurunan risk level bahaya noise dapat dilakukandengan konsistensi implementasi HCP dan perlu dilakukan pengukuran efektifitas fungsiearmuff / earplugs untuk mengetahui dosis efektif yang diterima pekerja. Risiko kesehatanpada tingkatan Low Risk, tetap harus dikelola agar level risk tidak meningkat sehingga PT Xtetap melanjutkan penerapan existing control dan memastikan pelaksanaan kajian HRA lebihmendalam dengan melakukan observasi / wawancara untuk mengetahui efektifitasimplementasi existing control terhadap Potential Risk Level dan Residual Risk Level.

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This Health Risk Assessment research that was implemented at PT X North

Operations Area. The aims of this study was to review the data on personal dose exposure

measurement results for 1 measurement period 2015 - 2017 and conduct a health risk

assessment using a semi-quantitative analysis method with reference to the IPIECA & OGP

Risk Assessment Matrix Year 2006.

The results of this study identified 9 SEGs, but after being studied quantitatively

there were SEGs that needed to be classified into several sub-groups and health hazards only

referred to secondary documents as many as 10 health hazards. There is a variety of personal

dose measurement results in 1 SEG showing one of the weaknesses in the classification of

SEG which only refers to job title. The Residual Risk Level in each SEG for all gas hazards

(Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) is at a low risk level, except for H2S which is in

the medium risk category. Meanwhile, noise is classified as low risk in SEG GS Operators,

MWT Operators, Gas Operators, Welder, Company Representatives and noise is a medium

risk in several SEG Technician shops, especially during metalizing work.

The H2S risk level cannot be lowered to low considering that the severity level is at

a high level (4). Reducing the risk level of noise hazards can be implemented by consistent

implementation of HCP and it is necessary to measure the effectiveness of the earmuff /

earplugs function to determine the effective dose received by workers. Health risks at the

Low Risk level must still be managed so that the risk level does not increase so that PT X

continues to implement existing controls and ensure the implementation a comprehensive

HRA study by conducting observations / interviews to determine the effectiveness of

implementing existing controls on the Potential Risk Level and Residual Risk Level"

"Risiko kesehatan di tempat kerja adalah permasalahan yang harus diminimalisasi agar para pekerja tetap sehat dan selamat. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Area Gas Plant dan Power Plant PT.X menunjukkan bahwa dua area pendukung eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi PT.X ini masih banyak bahaya kesehatan yang belum teridentifikasi sehingga belum dilakukan pengendaliannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai dan tingkat risiko Area Gas Plant dan Power Plant PT.X sehingga dapat diberikan rekomendasi pengendalian bahaya kesehatan yang sesuai untuk meminimalisasi risiko yang ada, berdasarkan penilaian risiko kesehatan dan analisis sumber daya. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desktiptif analitik dengan pendekatan observasional yang mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 dan perhitungan nilai risiko berdasarkan metode semikuantitatif ICMM (2011). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai bahaya kesehatan yang mendapatkan prioritas tinggi pengendalian yaitu bahaya bising, bahan kimia silika, dan bahan kimia amina di dua area tersebut.

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Health risks in the workplace are the problem that must be minimized in order to keep workers healthy and safe. Research conducted in Gas Plant and Power Plant Area shows that the two areas of PT.X, which to support oil and gas exploration, still have many health hazards that have not been identified so that control is not performed. This study aims to determine the level of risk and the value of Gas Plant and Power Plant Area of PT.X so it can be given appropriate health hazard control recommendations to minimize risks, based on the health risk assessment and analysis of resources. Study design used is descriptive analytical observational approach which refers to standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 and calculation of risk based on a semiquantitative method of ICMM (2011). The results of this study indicate that there are a variety of health hazards whose priority is high, that is, noise hazards, silica chemicals, and chemicals amine in both areas."

"Fire safety issues are becoming increasingly important in modern society, as it is characterised by information technology and complex process production system, by the development of new materials, by the larger storage of highly valuable goods and sometimes more hazardous in characteristics, or even by process parameter extremes and last but not least by dense population of human being in certain areas. One of the major hazard facilities is Pertamina?s oil refinery located at Balongan Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia that such facility has been the object of this study in which major fire, explosion and toxic releases, even catastrophic events, might be happened.

A FERA (Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment) study has been undertaken for the RCC (Residue Catalytic Cracking) Plant of Balongan Refinery to assess persormel risks in temis of potential loss of life.

In addition to the base case FERA, a number of sensitivity studies and other study have been undertaken in order to examine the level of risk reduction possible for a number of potential improvements.

The main conclusions drawn from the Base Case FERA and the sensitivity studies are as follows:

- The risk level, in term of potential loss of life, predicted for the personnel working around the RCC Plant, during normal operations, ranges from about 1.09 X 10 -7 per year to 6.01 x 10 -2 per year.

- Comparison of the predicted personnel risk levels with agreed Risk Criteria indicates that the risks to the workers and contractors on the RCC Complex are in Intolerable Region.

- There is potential escalation of accident to the adjacent plants due to an explosion in the RCC Complex.

- Combination of PFP (passive tire protection), vessel deluge and area deluge has the highest sensitivity (26.6%) in affecting risk level in RCC Plant.

- Risk level of RCC Plant is increased by the existence of public vehicles caused by increased probability of ignition when LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) released into the public road.

- To reduce the risk level of RCC Complex into the acceptable region, the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) principle has been adopted. Based on this calculation, any additional safety design features costing in excess of approximated USS 24 million is considered not justifiable.

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Isu keselamatan kebakaran telah meningkatkan perhatian dalam masyarakat modern, sebagaimana dicirikan dengau teknologi informasi dan sistem proses produksi yang makin komplek, dengan berkembangnya teknologi bahan, sarana penyimpanan yang lebih besar serta kadang-kadang melibatkan bahan lebih berbahaya atau parameter proses yang ekstrim dan tidak ketinggalan kerapatan hunian yang meningkat pada daerah tertentu. Salah satu fasilitas yang digolongkan sebagai bahaya besar adalah kilang minyak Pertamina yang terletak di Balongan, Indramayu, Jawa Barat, Indonesia dimana fasilitas tersebut telah menjadi obyek studi ini.Studi FERA (Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment) telah dilakukan terhadap Unit RCC (Residue Catalytic Cracking) untuk mengkaji tingkat risiko personil dalam bentuk Potensi Kehilangan Kehidupan.Disamping studi FERA, sejumlah Studi Kepekaan dan Studi tambahan lain telah dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana keefektifan kemungkinan upaya pengurangan risiko yang teridentifikasi.Kesimpulan utama dari studi dasar FERA dan Studi Kepekaan adalah sebagai berikut:- Tingkat risiko Potensi Kehilangan Kehidupan yang diperkirakan pada personil yang terlibat di Unit RCC, pada operasi normal, adalah berkisar antara 1.09 x 10 -7 per tahun sampai dengan 6.01 x 10 -2 per tahun.- Kajian terhadap Kriteria Risiko yang disetujui mentmjukkan bahwa risiko personil di Unit RCC dan unit sekitarnya adalah pada Daerah Yang Tidak Dapat Ditoleransi.- Terdapat potensi terjadi eskalasi insiden pada unit di selcitarnya jika terjadi ledakan di Unit RCC.- Kombinasi proteksi kebakaran pasiil sistem anti kebakaran curah di bejana (vessel) dan area dimana bejana berada mempunyai tingkat kepekaan paling tinggi (26.6%) dibandingkart parameter lain dalam mempenganihi tingkat risiko di Unit RCC.- Tingkat risiko di Unit RCC meningkat dengan keberadaan kendaraan bermotor umum disebabkan meningkatnya probabilitas penyalaan jika LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) terlepas ke arah jalan umum.- Untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko di Unit RCC ke Daerah Yang Dapat Diterima telah diadopsi prinsip ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable). Berdasarkan evaluasi ekonomi maka penambahan sistem keselamatan yang melebihi USD 24 juta dinyatakan tidak layak."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang nilai risiko yang ada di Unit Dapur Peleburan Departemen Cor Divisi Tempa & Cor PT. Pindad Persero Bandung tahun 2016. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan teknik survey dengan metode sekuensial eksplanatori (bertahap). Penilaian risiko dilakukan dengan analisis berdasarkan nilai konsekuensi, pajanan dan kemungkinan dengan menggunakan metode penilaian semi-kuantitatif W.T Fine untuk mengetahui level risiko yang ada dalam proses/tahap produksi yang mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa level risiko yang ada di Unit Dapur Peleburan Departemen Cor Divisi Tempa & Cor PT. Pindad Persero Bandung meliputi priority 1, substantial dan priority 3.

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This study discusses the value of the existing risks in the Kitchen Melting Unit Department Of Casting Division Casting & Forging PT. Pindad Persero Bandung in 2016. The design of this study using survey techniques with explanatory sequential method (two-phased). The risk assessment carried out by the analysis based on the value of the consequences, exposure and likelihood of using a semi-quantitative assessment methods W.T Fine to determine the level of risk in the process / production stage refers to AS / NZS 4360: 2004 standard. The study states that the level of risk that exist in the Kitchen Melting Unit Department Of Casting Division Casting & Forging PT. Pindad Persero Bandung include Priority 1, Substantial, and Priority 3."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran risiko kesehatan dan tingkat risiko kesehatan pada area workshop dan warehouse PPI Cakung PT United Tractors Tbk. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan metode semi-kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bahaya fisika berupa kebisingan, getaran, pencahayaan, iklim kerja, dan radiasi ultraungu dan bahaya kimia berupa oli, solar, thinner, debu, cooler, benzene, toluene, xylene, dan fume dari hasil pengelasan. Tingkat risiko residu berkisar pada kategori low (rendah) hingga medium (sedang). Pengendalian sudah diterapkan untuk banyak risiko dan terdapat penerapan pengendalian yang efektif menurunkan tingkat risiko medium menjadi low. Meski demikian, masih perlu dilakukan identifikasi bahaya dan risiko secara komprehensif yang meliputi observasi dan wawancara karena masih terdapat bahaya yang tingkat risikonya belum diketahui dan agar sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan.

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This research is a descriptive study conducted to describe health risks and health risk levels in the PPI Cakung workshop and warehouse area of PT United Tractors Tbk. The research design used is descriptive with a semi-quantitative method. The data used is secondary data obtained from the company. The results showed that there were physical hazards such as noise, vibration, lighting, extreme temperature, and ultraviolet radiation and chemical hazards such as oil, diesel, thinner, dust, cooler, benzene, toluene, xylene, and fumes from welding activity. Residual risk levels range from low to medium. Controls have been implemented for many risks and there are effective controls implemented to reduce the medium risk level to low. However, it is still necessary to carry out a comprehensive hazard and risk identification which includes observation and interviews because there are still hazards whose level of risk is unknown and to suit conditions in the field."

"Proses produksi karkas sapi memiliki risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan yang dapat mengganggu produktivitas. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada rumah potong hewan Kota Bogor di mana ditemukan perilaku pekerja yang tidak aman. Kajian risiko perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah kerugian material maupun terganggunya proses produksi secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi berupa survei. Penilaian risiko dilakukan berdasarkan pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 dengan metode semi kuantitatif dan Job Hazard Analysis JHA.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan level risiko very high, priority 1, substantial dan priority 3. Oleh karena itu, diberikan rekomendasi yang bersifat engineering, administratif serta penggunaan alat pelindung diri.

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Cattle carcass production processes have safety and health risks that can interfere with productivity. This indication shown by Bogor slaughterhouses in which unsafe work conditions found. Risk assessment to prevent material losses and production disruptions needs to be done. This research employed descriptive methods with survey study design. Risk assessment based on standard AS NZS 4360 2004 with semi quantitative methods and Job Hazard Analysis JHA.

The results showed that level of risk were very high, priority 1, substantial and priority 3. Thus engineering, administrative, and the use of personal protective equipment was recommended to prevent further losses."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Health Risk Assessment yang diperoleh pada proses kegiatan kerja di Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) PT.X tahun 2012. Penilaian risiko kesehatan dilakukan dengan menganalisis nilai Potensial Risk (PR), Intrinsic Gravity Rate (G), Frequency Rate of Exposure (F), Duration of the exposure or the repeat rate of exposed task (D), Residual Risk (RR), dan Prevention Means (PM) dari setiap wilayah kerja yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan tabel standar ACGIH TLV's 2011 dan Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja (Kepmenaker No. 13/Men/X/2011) untuk mengetahui level risiko kesehatan yang ada pada setiap kegiatan kerja tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan melakukan observasi, pengukuran dan pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ditemukan level risiko kesehatan yang sangat tinggi (very critical) pada wilayah Main Deck (Bising, Asbestos, Paederus littoralis), Main Floor, Lower Engine Flat, Upper Engine Flat (Bising dan Asbestos) di PT.X tersebut.

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This Health Risk Assessment (HRA) research that was held at Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) PT.X in 2012, is based on process working area. Health Risk Assessment was conducted by analyzing Potensial Risk (PR), Intrinsic Gravity Rate (G), Frequency Rate of Exposure (F), Duration of the exposure or the repeat rate of exposed task (D), Residual Risk (RR), and Prevention Means (PM) value that came from every job activity. The result will be compared with ACGIH TLV's 2011 and Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja (Kepmenaker No. 13/Men/X/2011).

The design of this study is cross sectional by conducting observation, measurment, and data gathering. The result of this study showed that heath risk level are very high (very critical) on Main Deck (Noise, Asbestos, Paederus littoralis), Main Floor, Lower Engine Flat, Upper Engine Flat (Noise and Asbestos) in the PT.X work area."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang penilaian risiko keselamatan kesehatan kerja pada aktivitas structural works di PT. WIKA proyek pembangunan Hospital Teaching Universitas Indonesia tahun 2014. Penilaian risiko dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai risiko yang terdapat pada aktivitas structural works di PT. WIKA. Identifikasi bahaya dan risiko menggunakan Job Hazard Analisis (JHA). Analisis tingkat risiko menggunakan standar level risiko kualitatif AS/NZS 4360: 2004. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasional. Nilai risiko adalah hasil perkalian dari konsekuensi, dan kemungkinan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat 53 risiko yang ada pada proses structural works.

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This study discusses the occupational health safety risk assessment On Structural Works Activity in PT. Wijaya Karya Project Teaching Hospital Universitas Indonesia 2014. Risk assessment carried out to obtain the value of the risks inherent in the activity of structural works in PT. WIKA. Hazard identification and risk using the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). Analysis of the level of risk using the standard risk level qualitative AS/NZS 4360:2004. This study used a cross-sectional study design with observational approach. Value is the result of multiplying the risk of consequences and possibilities. The study states that there are 53 existing risks in the process of structural works."